From a user's perspective, SQLAlchemy's query logging seems a little too verbose and even somewhat cryptic at times:
2015-10-02 13:51:39,500 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine BEGIN (implicit)
2015-10-02 13:51:39,502 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT anon_1.shelves_title AS anon_1_shelves_title, ..., anon_1.shelves_created_at AS anon_1_shelves_created_at, anon_1.shelves_updated_at AS anon_1_shelves_updated_at, products_1.id AS products_1_id, products_1.title AS products_1_title
FROM (SELECT shelves.title AS shelves_title, ..., shelves.created_at AS shelves_created_at, shelves.updated_at AS shelves_updated_at
FROM shelves
WHERE shelves.title = ?
LIMIT ? OFFSET ?) AS anon_1 LEFT OUTER JOIN products AS products_1 ON anon_1.shelves_title = products_1.shelf_title
2015-10-02 13:51:39,502 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ('sample', 1, 0)
2015-10-02 13:51:39,503 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ROLLBACK
(not necessarily representative, but hopefully sufficient to illustrate the issue)
Arguably Ruby on Rails is a good reference here, providing concise and colorized output of the actual database queries:
(via https://code.google.com/p/pylonsquerybar/#What_Others_Have_Done)
Is there a simple way to get similar output for SQLAlchemy? (The aforementioned Pylons Query Bar doesn't seem to be designed for framework-agnostic reuse.)
you can set any format to logger, you can get logger:
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='db.log')
logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy.engine').setLevel(logging.INFO)
how to set colors and format see here:
How can I color Python logging output?
FWIW, below's what we came up with. It adds alternating colorization, which doesn't solve the noise issue, but at least provides some visual distinction.
import logging
import colorama
def configure_sql_logging():
sqla_logger = logging.getLogger("sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine")
sqla_logger.propagate = False
sqla_logger.addHandler(SQLLogger(colors=["MAGENTA", "CYAN"]))
class SQLLogger(logging.StreamHandler):
def __init__(self, *args, colors, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.colors = colors
self.colorizer = Colorizer(self.stream, colors[0])
def emit(self, *args, **kwargs):
with self.colorizer:
super().emit(*args, **kwargs)
# cycle colors
if self.colorizer.active:
self.colors.append(self.colors.pop(0))
self.colorizer.color = self.colors[0]
class Colorizer:
def __init__(self, stream, color):
self.stream = stream
self.active = stream.isatty()
if self.active:
colorama.init()
self.color = color
def __enter__(self):
if self.active:
self.stream.write(getattr(colorama.Fore, self.color))
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
if self.active:
self.stream.write(colorama.Fore.RESET)
Related
I am having trouble in making things work with a Custom ParallelEnv I wrote by using PettingZoo. I am using SuperSuit's ss.pettingzoo_env_to_vec_env_v1(env) as a wrapper to Vectorize the environment and make it work with Stable-Baseline3 and documented here.
You can find attached a summary of the most relevant part of the code:
from typing import Optional
from gym import spaces
import random
import numpy as np
from pettingzoo import ParallelEnv
from pettingzoo.utils.conversions import parallel_wrapper_fn
import supersuit as ss
from gym.utils import EzPickle, seeding
def env(**kwargs):
env_ = parallel_env(**kwargs)
env_ = ss.pettingzoo_env_to_vec_env_v1(env_)
#env_ = ss.concat_vec_envs_v1(env_, 1)
return env_
petting_zoo = env
class parallel_env(ParallelEnv, EzPickle):
metadata = {'render_modes': ['ansi'], "name": "PlayerEnv-Multi-v0"}
def __init__(self, n_agents: int = 20, new_step_api: bool = True) -> None:
EzPickle.__init__(
self,
n_agents,
new_step_api
)
self._episode_ended = False
self.n_agents = n_agents
self.possible_agents = [
f"player_{idx}" for idx in range(n_agents)]
self.agents = self.possible_agents[:]
self.agent_name_mapping = dict(
zip(self.possible_agents, list(range(len(self.possible_agents))))
)
self.observation_spaces = spaces.Dict(
{agent: spaces.Box(shape=(len(self.agents),),
dtype=np.float64, low=0.0, high=1.0) for agent in self.possible_agents}
)
self.action_spaces = spaces.Dict(
{agent: spaces.Discrete(4) for agent in self.possible_agents}
)
self.current_step = 0
def seed(self, seed=None):
self.np_random, seed = seeding.np_random(seed)
def observation_space(self, agent):
return self.observation_spaces[agent]
def action_space(self, agent):
return self.action_spaces[agent]
def __calculate_observation(self, agent_id: int) -> np.ndarray:
return self.observation_space(agent_id).sample()
def __calculate_observations(self) -> np.ndarray:
observations = {
agent: self.__calculate_observation(
agent_id=agent)
for agent in self.agents
}
return observations
def observe(self, agent):
return self.__calculate_observation(agent_id=agent)
def step(self, actions):
if self._episode_ended:
return self.reset()
observations = self.__calculate_observations()
rewards = random.sample(range(100), self.n_agents)
self.current_step += 1
self._episode_ended = self.current_step >= 100
infos = {agent: {} for agent in self.agents}
dones = {agent: self._episode_ended for agent in self.agents}
rewards = {
self.agents[i]: rewards[i]
for i in range(len(self.agents))
}
if self._episode_ended:
self.agents = {} # To satisfy `set(par_env.agents) == live_agents`
return observations, rewards, dones, infos
def reset(self,
seed: Optional[int] = None,
return_info: bool = False,
options: Optional[dict] = None,):
self.agents = self.possible_agents[:]
self._episode_ended = False
self.current_step = 0
observations = self.__calculate_observations()
return observations
def render(self, mode="human"):
# TODO: IMPLEMENT
print("TO BE IMPLEMENTED")
def close(self):
pass
Unfortunately when I try to test with the following main procedure:
from stable_baselines3 import DQN, PPO
from stable_baselines3.common.env_checker import check_env
from dummy_env import dummy
from pettingzoo.test import parallel_api_test
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Testing the parallel algorithm alone
env_parallel = dummy.parallel_env()
parallel_api_test(env_parallel) # This works!
# Testing the environment with the wrapper
env = dummy.petting_zoo()
# ERROR: AssertionError: The observation returned by the `reset()` method does not match the given observation space
check_env(env)
# Model initialization
model = PPO("MlpPolicy", env, verbose=1)
# ERROR: ValueError: could not broadcast input array from shape (20,20) into shape (20,)
model.learn(total_timesteps=10_000)
I get the following error:
AssertionError: The observation returned by the `reset()` method does not match the given observation space
If I skip check_env() I get the following one:
ValueError: could not broadcast input array from shape (20,20) into shape (20,)
It seems like that ss.pettingzoo_env_to_vec_env_v1(env) is capable of splitting the parallel environment in multiple vectorized ones, but not for the reset() function.
Does anyone know how to fix this problem?
Plese find the Github Repository to reproduce the problem.
You should double check the reset() function in PettingZoo. It will return None instead of an observation like GYM
Thanks to discussion I had in the issue section of the SuperSuit repository, I am able to post the solution to the problem. Thanks to jjshoots!
First of all it is necessary to have the latest SuperSuit version. In order to get that I needed to install Stable-Baseline3 using the instructions here to make it work with gym 0.24+.
After that, taking the code in the question as example, it is necessary to substitute
def env(**kwargs):
env_ = parallel_env(**kwargs)
env_ = ss.pettingzoo_env_to_vec_env_v1(env_)
#env_ = ss.concat_vec_envs_v1(env_, 1)
return env_
with
def env(**kwargs):
env_ = parallel_env(**kwargs)
env_ = ss.pettingzoo_env_to_vec_env_v1(env_)
env_ = ss.concat_vec_envs_v1(env_, 1, base_class="stable_baselines3")
return env_
The outcomes are:
Outcome 1: leaving the line with check_env(env) I got an error AssertionError: Your environment must inherit from the gym.Env class cf https://github.com/openai/gym/blob/master/gym/core.py
Outcome 2: removing the line with check_env(env), the agent starts training successfully!
In the end, I think that the argument base_class="stable_baselines3" made the difference.
Only the small problem on check_env remains to be reported, but I think it can be considered as trivial if the training works.
I am trying to convert pytorch model with multiple networks to ONNX, and encounter some problem.
The git repo: https://github.com/InterDigitalInc/HRFAE
The Trainer Class:
class Trainer(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config):
super(Trainer, self).__init__()
# Load Hyperparameters
self.config = config
# Networks
self.enc = Encoder()
self.dec = Decoder()
self.mlp_style = Mod_Net()
self.dis = Dis_PatchGAN()
...
Here is how the trained model process image:
def gen_encode(self, x_a, age_a, age_b=0, training=False, target_age=0):
if target_age:
self.target_age = target_age
age_modif = self.target_age*torch.ones(age_a.size()).type_as(age_a)
else:
age_modif = self.random_age(age_a, diff_val=25)
# Generate modified image
self.content_code_a, skip_1, skip_2 = self.enc(x_a)
style_params_a = self.mlp_style(age_a)
style_params_b = self.mlp_style(age_modif)
x_a_recon = self.dec(self.content_code_a, style_params_a, skip_1, skip_2)
x_a_modif = self.dec(self.content_code_a, style_params_b, skip_1, skip_2)
return x_a_recon, x_a_modif, age_modif
And as following is how I did to convert to onnx:
enc = Encoder()
dec = Decoder()
mlp = Mod_Net()
layers = [enc, mlp, dec]
model = torch.nn.Sequential(*layers)
# here is my confusion: how do I specify the inputs of each layer??
# E.g. one of the outputs of 'enc' layer should be input of 'mlp' layer,
# or the outputs of 'enc' layer should be part of inputs of 'dec' layer...
params = torch.load('./logs/001/checkpoint')
model[0].load_state_dict(params['enc_state_dict'])
model[1].load_state_dict(params['mlp_style_state_dict'])
model[2].load_state_dict(params['dec_state_dict'])
torch.onnx.export(model, torch.randn([1, 3, 1024, 1024]), 'trained_hrfae.onnx', do_constant_folding=True)
Maybe the convert-part code is in wrong way??
Could anyone help, many thanks!
#20210629-11:52GMT Edit:
I found there's constraint of using torch.nn.Sequential. The output of former layer in Sequential should be consistent with latter input.
So my code shouldn't work at all because the output of 'enc' layer is not consistent with input of 'mlp' layer.
Could anyone help how to convert this type of pytorch model to onnx? Many thanks, again :)
After research and try, I found a method which maybe in correct way:
Convert each net(Encoder, Mod_Net, Decoder) to onnx model, and handle their input/output in latter logic-process or any further procedure (e.g convert to tflite model).
I'm trying to port onto Android using this method.
#Edit 20210705-03:52GMT#
Another approach may be better: write a new net combines the three nets. I've prove the output is same as origin pytorch model.
class HRFAE(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(HRFAE, self).__init__()
self.enc = Encoder()
self.mlp_style = Mod_Net()
self.dec = Decoder()
def forward(self, x, age_modif):
content_code_a, skip_1, skip_2 = self.enc(x)
style_params_b = self.mlp_style(age_modif)
x_a_modif = self.dec(content_code_a, style_params_b, skip_1, skip_2)
return x_a_modif
and then convert use following:
net = HRFAE()
params = torch.load('./logs/002/checkpoint')
net.enc.load_state_dict(params['enc_state_dict'])
net.mlp_style.load_state_dict(params['mlp_style_state_dict'])
net.dec.load_state_dict(params['dec_state_dict'])
net.eval()
torch.onnx.export(net, (torch.randn([1, 3, 512, 512]), torch.randn([1]).type(torch.long)), 'test_hrfae.onnx')
This should be the answer.
We are interested in using a surrogate model in an aircraft design process implemented in OpenMDAO. Basically we want to use an aerodynamic code (such as VSPaero in our aim) to produce a database (using a DOE ) and then built a surrogate that will be used in the design process. It looks like your proposal 2) in use of MOE in openMDAO and we also want to access to the "gradient" information of the surrogate to be used in the full design problem .
We started from the code you have provided in nested problem question and try to built a mock up case with simplified component for aerodynamic . The example code is below (using kriging) and we have two concerns to finish it:
we need to implement a "linearize" function in our component if we want to use surrogate gradient information: I guess we should use the "calc_gradient" function of problem to do this . Is it right ?
in our example code, the training will be done each time we call the component what is not very efficient : is there a way to call it only once or to do the surrogate training only after the setup() of the bigger problem (aircraft design in our case )?
Here is the code (sorry it is a bit long):
from openmdao.api import IndepVarComp, Group, Problem, ScipyOptimizer, ExecComp, DumpRecorder, Component, NLGaussSeidel,ScipyGMRES, Newton,SqliteRecorder,MetaModel, \
KrigingSurrogate, FloatKrigingSurrogate
from openmdao.drivers.latinhypercube_driver import LatinHypercubeDriver, OptimizedLatinHypercubeDriver
from openmdao.solvers.solver_base import NonLinearSolver
import numpy as np
import sys
alpha_test = np.array([0.56, 0.24, 0.30, 0.32, 0.20])
eta_test = np.array([-0.30, -0.14, -0.19, -0.18, -0.12])
num_elem = len(alpha_test)
class SysAeroSurrogate(Component):
""" Simulates the presence of an aero surrogate mode using linear aerodynamic model """
""" coming from pymission code """
""" https://github.com/OpenMDAO-Plugins/pyMission/blob/master/src/pyMission/aerodynamics.py """
def __init__(self, num_elem=1):
super(SysAeroSurrogate, self).__init__()
self.add_param('alpha', 0.5)
self.add_param('eta', -0.33)
self.add_param('AR', 0.0)
self.add_param('oswald', 0.0)
self.add_output('CL', val=0.0)
self.add_output('CD', val=0.0) ## Drag Coefficient
def solve_nonlinear(self, params, unknowns, resids):
""" Compute lift and drag coefficient using angle of attack and tail
rotation angles. Linear aerodynamics is assumed."""
alpha = params['alpha']
eta = params['eta']
aspect_ratio = params['AR']
oswald = params['oswald']
lift_c0 = 0.30
lift_ca = 6.00
lift_ce = 0.27
drag_c0 = 0.015
unknowns['CL'] = lift_c0 + lift_ca*alpha*1e-1 + lift_ce*eta*1e-1
unknowns['CD'] = (drag_c0 + (unknowns['CL'])**2 /(np.pi * aspect_ratio * oswald))/1e-1
class SuroMM(Group):
def __init__(self):
super(SuroMM, self).__init__()
#kriging
AeroMM = self.add("AeroMM", MetaModel())
AeroMM.add_param('alpha', val=0.)
AeroMM.add_param('eta', val=0.)
AeroMM.add_output('CL_MM', val=0., surrogate=FloatKrigingSurrogate())
AeroMM.add_output('CD_MM', val=0., surrogate=FloatKrigingSurrogate())
class SurrogateAero(Component):
def __init__(self):
super(SurrogateAero, self).__init__()
## Inputs to this subprob
self.add_param('alpha', val=0.5*np.ones(num_elem)) ## Angle of attack
self.add_param('eta', val=0.5*np.ones(num_elem)) ## Tail rotation angle
self.add_param('AR', 0.0)
self.add_param('oswald', 0.0)
## Unknowns for this sub prob
self.add_output('CD', val=np.zeros(num_elem))
self.add_output('CL', val=np.zeros(num_elem))
#####
self.problem = prob = Problem()
prob.root = Group()
prob.root.add('d1', SuroMM(), promotes=['*'])
prob.setup()
#### training of metamodel
prob['AeroMM.train:alpha'] = DOEX1
prob['AeroMM.train:eta'] = DOEX2
prob['AeroMM.train:CL_MM'] = DOEY1
prob['AeroMM.train:CD_MM'] =DOEY2
def solve_nonlinear(self, params, unknowns, resids):
CL_temp=np.zeros(num_elem)
CD_temp=np.zeros(num_elem)
prob = self.problem
# Pass values into our problem
for i in range(len(params['alpha'])):
prob['AeroMM.alpha'] = params['alpha'][i]
prob['AeroMM.eta'] = params['eta'][i]
# Run problem
prob.run()
CL_temp[i] = prob['AeroMM.CL_MM']
CD_temp[i] = prob['AeroMM.CD_MM']
# Pull values from problem
unknowns['CL'] = CL_temp
unknowns['CD'] = CD_temp
if __name__ == "__main__":
###### creation of database with DOE #####
top = Problem()
root = top.root = Group()
root.add('comp', SysAeroSurrogate(), promotes=['*'])
root.add('p1', IndepVarComp('alpha', val=0.50), promotes=['*'])
root.add('p2', IndepVarComp('eta',val=0.50), promotes=['*'])
root.add('p3', IndepVarComp('AR', 10.), promotes=['*'])
root.add('p4', IndepVarComp('oswald', 0.92), promotes=['*'])
top.driver = OptimizedLatinHypercubeDriver(num_samples=16, seed=0, population=20, generations=4, norm_method=2)
top.driver.add_desvar('alpha', lower=-5.0*(np.pi/180.0)*1e-1, upper=15.0*(np.pi/180.0)*1e-1)
top.driver.add_desvar('eta', lower=-5.0*(np.pi/180.0)*1e-1, upper=15.0*(np.pi/180.0)*1e-1)
top.driver.add_objective('CD')
recorder = SqliteRecorder('Aero')
recorder.options['record_params'] = True
recorder.options['record_unknowns'] = True
recorder.options['record_resids'] = False
recorder.options['record_metadata'] = False
top.driver.add_recorder(recorder)
top.setup()
top.run()
import sqlitedict
db = sqlitedict.SqliteDict( 'Aero', 'openmdao' )
print( list( db.keys() ) )
DOEX1 = []
DOEX2 = []
DOEY1 = []
DOEY2 = []
for i in list(db.keys()):
data = db[i]
p = data['Parameters']
DOEX1.append(p['comp.alpha'])
DOEX2.append(p['comp.eta'])
p = data['Unknowns']
DOEY1.append(p['CL'])
DOEY2.append(p['CD'])
################ use of surrogate model ######
prob2 = Problem(root=Group())
prob2.root.add('SurrAero', SurrogateAero(), promotes=['*'])
prob2.root.add('v1', IndepVarComp('alpha', val=alpha_test), promotes=['*'])
prob2.root.add('v2', IndepVarComp('eta',val=eta_test), promotes=['*'])
prob2.setup()
prob2.run()
print'CL predicted:', prob2['CL']
print'CD predicted:', prob2['CD']
The way you have your model set up seems correct. The MetaModel component will only train its data one time (the first pass through the model), as you can see in this part of the source code. Every subsequent iteration, it just uses the trained surrogate thats already there.
The meta-model is also already setup to provide analytic derivatives of the predicted output with respect to the input independent variables. Derivatives of the prediction with respect to the training point values are not available in the base implementation. That requires a more complex setup that, at least for the moment, will require some custom setup that is not in the standard library.
In Django I often assert the number of queries that should be made so that unit tests catch new N+1 query problems
from django import db
from django.conf import settings
settings.DEBUG=True
class SendData(TestCase):
def test_send(self):
db.connection.queries = []
event = Events.objects.all()[1:]
s = str(event) # QuerySet is lazy, force retrieval
self.assertEquals(len(db.connection.queries), 2)
In in SQLAlchemy tracing to STDOUT is enabled by setting the echo flag on
engine
engine.echo=True
What is the best way to write tests that count the number of queries made by SQLAlchemy?
class SendData(TestCase):
def test_send(self):
event = session.query(Events).first()
s = str(event)
self.assertEquals( ... , 2)
I've created a context manager class for this purpose:
class DBStatementCounter(object):
"""
Use as a context manager to count the number of execute()'s performed
against the given sqlalchemy connection.
Usage:
with DBStatementCounter(conn) as ctr:
conn.execute("SELECT 1")
conn.execute("SELECT 1")
assert ctr.get_count() == 2
"""
def __init__(self, conn):
self.conn = conn
self.count = 0
# Will have to rely on this since sqlalchemy 0.8 does not support
# removing event listeners
self.do_count = False
sqlalchemy.event.listen(conn, 'after_execute', self.callback)
def __enter__(self):
self.do_count = True
return self
def __exit__(self, *_):
self.do_count = False
def get_count(self):
return self.count
def callback(self, *_):
if self.do_count:
self.count += 1
Use SQLAlchemy Core Events to log/track queries executed (you can attach it from your unit tests so they don't impact your performance on the actual application:
event.listen(engine, "before_cursor_execute", catch_queries)
Now you write the function catch_queries, where the way depends on how you test. For example, you could define this function in your test statement:
def test_something(self):
stmts = []
def catch_queries(conn, cursor, statement, ...):
stmts.append(statement)
# Now attach it as a listener and work with the collected events after running your test
The above method is just an inspiration. For extended cases you'd probably like to have a global cache of events that you empty after each test. The reason is that prior to 0.9 (current dev) there is no API to remove event listeners. Thus make one global listener that accesses a global list.
what about the approach of using flask_sqlalchemy.get_debug_queries() btw. this is the methodology used by internal of Flask Debug Toolbar check its source
from flask_sqlalchemy import get_debug_queries
def test_list_with_assuring_queries_count(app, client):
with app.app_context():
# here generating some test data
for _ in range(10):
notebook = create_test_scheduled_notebook_based_on_notebook_file(
db.session, owner='testing_user',
schedule={"kind": SCHEDULE_FREQUENCY_DAILY}
)
for _ in range(100):
create_test_scheduled_notebook_run(db.session, notebook_id=notebook.id)
with app.app_context():
# after resetting the context call actual view we want asserNumOfQueries
client.get(url_for('notebooks.personal_notebooks'))
assert len(get_debug_queries()) == 3
keep in mind that for having reset context and count you have to call with app.app_context() before the exact stuff you want to measure.
Slightly modified version of #omar-tarabai's solution that removes the event listener when exiting the context:
from sqlalchemy import event
class QueryCounter(object):
"""Context manager to count SQLALchemy queries."""
def __init__(self, connection):
self.connection = connection.engine
self.count = 0
def __enter__(self):
event.listen(self.connection, "before_cursor_execute", self.callback)
return self
def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
event.remove(self.connection, "before_cursor_execute", self.callback)
def callback(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.count += 1
Usage:
with QueryCounter(session.connection()) as counter:
session.query(XXX).all()
session.query(YYY).all()
print(counter.count) # 2
My WSGI application uses SQLAlchemy. I want to start session when request starts, commit it if it's dirty and request processing finished successfully, make rollback otherwise. So, I need to implement behavior of Django's TransactionMiddleware.
So, I suppose that I should create WSGI middleware and make following stuff:
Create and add DB session to environ on pre-processing.
Get DB session from environ and call commit() on post-processing, if no errors occurred.
Get DB session from environ and call rollback() on post-processing, if some errors occurred.
Step 1 is obvious for me:
class DbSessionMiddleware:
def __init__(self, app):
self.app = app
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
environ['db_session'] = create_session()
return self.app(environ, start_response)
Step 2 and 3 - not. I found the example of post-processing task:
class Caseless:
def __init__(self, app):
self.app = app
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
for chunk in self.app(environ, start_response):
yield chunk.lower()
It contains comment:
Note that the __call__ function is a Python generator, which is typical for this sort of “post-processing” task.
Could you please clarify how does it work and how can I solve my issue similarly.
Thanks,
Boris.
For step 1 I use SQLAlchemy scoped sessions:
engine = create_engine(settings.DB_URL, echo=settings.DEBUG, client_encoding='utf8')
Base = declarative_base()
sm = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
get_session = scoped_session(sm)
They return the same thread-local session for each get_session() call.
Step 2 and 3 for now is following:
class DbSessionMiddleware:
def __init__(self, app):
self.app = app
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
try:
db.get_session().begin_nested()
return self.app(environ, start_response)
except BaseException:
db.get_session().rollback()
raise
finally:
db.get_session().commit()
As you can see, I start nested transaction on session to be able to rollback even queries that were already committed in views.