I've been struggling about this for some time now, I wanted to make a restart state for my game, where the player's position starts back at the starting position, but I can't seem to find a way to do the same for my enemy sprites that are in a group
here's the code for my enemy group:
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
left_enemy = pygame.sprite.Group()
right_enemy = pygame.sprite.Group()
for i in range(8):
enemies = Enemy(-100, random.randrange(screen_height- 30))
all_sprites.add(left_enemy)
left_enemy.add(enemies)
for i in range(8):
enemy_r = EnemyRight(screen_width + 45, random.randrange(screen_height- 30))
all_sprites.add(right_enemy)
right_enemy.add(enemy_r)
is there any way for me to access the x and y values of these sprites that are in the group?
The pygame.sprite.Sprites objects (should) have .rect attributes. You can iterate through the items in the pygame.sprite.Group and get the position of each item:
for enemy in right_enemy:
x = enemy.rect.x
y = enemy.rect.y
print(x, y)
Alternatively you can get a lit of the Sprites in the Group with pygame.sprite.Group.sprites:
if len(right_enemy) > 0:
first_enemy = right_enemy.sprites()[0]
x = first_enemy.rect.x
y = first_enemy.rect.y
print(x, y)
Related
I'm building a pong game trying to get better at programming but Im having trouble moving the ball. When the move_right method is called the ellipse stretches to the right instead of moving to the right. I've tried putting the ball variable in the init method but that just makes it not move at all even though the variables should be changing on account of the move_right method. I have also tried setting the x and y positions as parameters in the Ball class,but that just stretches it also.
I don't understand why when I run the following code the ball I'm trying to move stretches to the right instead of moves to the right. Can someone explain why this is happening? I have tried everything I can think of but i can't get it to do what I want.
import pygame,sys
import random
class Ball:
def __init__(self):
self.size = 30
self.color = light_grey
self.x_pos = width/2 -15
self.y_pos = height/2 -15
self.speed = 1
#self.ball = pygame.Rect(self.x_pos, self.y_pos,self.size,self.size)
def draw_ball(self):
ball = pygame.Rect(self.x_pos, self.y_pos,self.size,self.size)
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen,self.color,ball)
def move_right(self):
self.x_pos += self.speed
class Player:
def __init__(self,x_pos,y_pos,width,height):
self.x_pos = x_pos
self.y_pos = y_pos
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.color = light_grey
def draw_player(self):
player = pygame.Rect(self.x_pos,self.y_pos,self.width,self.height)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,self.color,player)
class Main:
def __init__(self):
self.ball=Ball()
self.player=Player(width-20,height/2 -70,10,140)
self.opponent= Player(10,height/2-70,10,140)
def draw_elements(self):
self.ball.draw_ball()
self.player.draw_player()
self.opponent.draw_player()
def move_ball(self):
self.ball.move_right()
pygame.init()
size = 30
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
pygame.display.set_caption("Pong")
width = 1000
height = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width,height))
bg_color = pygame.Color('grey12')
light_grey = (200,200,200)
main = Main()
#ball = pygame.Rect(main.ball.x_pos, main.ball.y_pos,main.ball.size,main.ball.size)
#player = pygame.Rect(width-20,height/2 -70,10,140)
#opponent = pygame.Rect(10,height/2-70,10,140)
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
#ball = pygame.Rect(main.ball.x_pos, main.ball.y_pos,main.ball.size,main.ball.size)
#pygame.draw.rect(screen,light_grey,player)
#pygame.draw.rect(screen,light_grey,opponent)
#pygame.draw.ellipse(screen,light_grey,ball)
main.draw_elements()
main.move_ball()
main.ball.x_pos += main.ball.speed
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(60)
You have to clear the display in every frame with pygame.Surface.fill:
while True:
# [...]
screen.fill(0) # <---
main.draw_elements()
main.move_ball()
main.ball.x_pos += main.ball.speed
pygame.display.flip()
# [...]
Everything that is drawn is drawn on the target surface. The entire scene is redraw in each frame. Therefore the display needs to be cleared at the begin of every frame in the application loop. The typical PyGame application loop has to:
handle the events by either pygame.event.pump() or pygame.event.get().
update the game states and positions of objects dependent on the input events and time (respectively frames)
clear the entire display or draw the background
draw the entire scene (blit all the objects)
update the display by either pygame.display.update() or pygame.display.flip()
So basically what I know how to do is add a player sprite (make a player class that inherits from pygame.sprite, etc...) this works for me.
What I would like to know how to do is iterate the creation of sprites and add them to the sprite group.
This is because I have a 2 dimensional array and I have a function that reads this and places the "tiles" accordingly in the 2d space, this is to create levels easier.
So what I want this function to do is create these sprites (I guess with a for loop that reads the array ?) and add them to do the group but this doesn't work so I have some questions first:
1)Can you create sprites outside of the init function in a class?
2)What really are sprites, is it a surface coupled to a rect ?
3)And finally do you have an idea of simply how to get this done: If I give you a 2d array, how would you make the function that reads this array and calculates the position (this is okay, I think I have it figured out) and most importantly, make sprites out of the given positions that can then be added to the sprites group.
Thanks in advance
Can you create sprites outside of the init function in a class?
Sure.
What really are sprites, is it a surface coupled to a rect ?
If we talk about pygame's Sprite class: yes.
Such a sprite is basically a Surface (the image attribute) and a Rect (the rect
attribute). They work best together with pygame's Group classes.
And finally do you have an idea of simply how to get this done ....
Just create a nested loop to iterate over the array.
Here's a simple example:
import pygame
pygame.init()
TILESIZE = 64
class Actor(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, color, pos):
super().__init__()
self.image = pygame.Surface((TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
self.image.fill(pygame.Color(color))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = pos)
def main():
data = [
' YUB ',
' G ',
' B ',
' ',
' Y ',
' U ',
]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((len(data[0]) * TILESIZE, len(data) * TILESIZE))
sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
colors = {
'G': 'green',
'B': 'black',
'Y': 'yellow',
'U': 'dodgerblue'
}
x, y = 0, 0
for line in data:
for char in line:
if char in colors:
sprites.add(Actor(colors[char], (x * TILESIZE, y * TILESIZE)))
x += 1
x = 0
y += 1
while True:
events = pygame.event.get()
for event in events:
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
return
sprites.update()
screen.fill((100, 100, 100))
sprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
main()
You can find another example here.
I am brand new to Pygame and am making a game for my A-level course. I am trying to have multiple bats that I can spawn and collide with. I am using Pygames mask function for 'pixel perfect collision' but I cannot get multiple bats to spawn at the same time with the collision system also working. I tried using groups but I haven't been able to get this to work. Does anyone know how to fix my code/ a better way around this problem? Thanks! The relevant code is below...
class Bat(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, bat_x, bat_y):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.bat1 = pygame.image.load("Sprites\Bat_enemy\Bat-1.png").convert_alpha() # For hit registration for bat
self.bat1 = pygame.transform.scale(self.bat1, (80, 70))
self.bat_mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.bat1)
self.bat_rect = self.bat1.get_rect()
self.bat_x = bat_x
self.bat_y = bat_y
bats = pygame.sprite.Group()
Then in main loop:
num_of_bats = [1]
#Bat#
for i in num_of_bats:
bat_x = (random.randint(0, 600))
bat_y = (random.randint(0, 600))
bat = Bat(bat_x, bat_y, i)
bats.add(bat)
for bat in bats:
offsetP2B = (int(x - batx), int(y - self.baty)) #Player to Bat
resultP2B = bat_mask.overlap(player_mask, offsetP2B)
First get rectangle based collision working, then worry about the bitmask accuracy!
There's a couple of problems with your Sprite. The big one is that PyGame uses sprite.image to draw the bitmap. Your sprite code is using bat1 instead. It also needs to position the sprite.rect to the co-ordinate of the Bat. Furthermore, the collision mask must be called mask, and the sprite's collision/position pygame.Rect must be called rect.
I'm not sure if it's just a paste-o, but the sprite group definition shouldn't be inside the Sprite class.
So ... with a few minor fixups:
class Bat(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, bat_x, bat_y, bat_image):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = bat_image
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface( self.image )
self.rect.centre = ( bat_x, bat_y )
def update( self ):
# TODO: code to make this bat move/flat whatever
pass
There's only minor differences here. It's better to load the image in once, outside the sprite class, than loading it in hundreds(?) of times - once for each bat.
Now it's pretty easy to make a colony of bats:
import os.path
START_BAT_COUNT = 30
BAT_IMAGE_PATH = os.path.join( 'Sprites', 'Bat_enemy', 'Bat-1.png' )
# group to hold all the bat sprites
all_bats = pygame.sprite.Group()
# Going Batty!
bat_image = pygame.image.load( BAT_IMAGE_PATH ).convert_alpha()
for i in range( START_BAT_COUNT ):
bat_x = (random.randint(0, 600))
bat_y = (random.randint(0, 600))
new_bat = Bat( bat_x, bat_y, bat_image )
all_bats.add( new_bat )
The in your main loop:
# move every bat
all_bats.update()
...
# paint every bat
all_bats.draw( screen )
I am struggling to move the sprite correctly. Instead of smooth move I can see blur move and I do not know how to solve it.
Is there any chance you can point what I do incorrectly ?
My target with it to drop the pizza so it hits the bottom and bounce back and bounc back if it hits the top and again the bottom -> bounce -> top -> bounce etc. etc.
import pygame
gravity = 0.5
class PizzaSprite:
def __init__(self, image, spritepos):
self.image = image
self.spos = spritepos
(x, y) = spritepos
self.posx = x
self.posy = y
self.xvel = 1
self.yvel = 1
print "x ", x
print "y ", y
def draw(self, target_surface):
target_surface.blit(self.image, self.spos)
def update(self):
self.posy -= self.yvel
self.spos = (self.posx, self.posy)
return
def main():
pygame.init()
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 600
x = screen_width
y = screen_height
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))
wall_image = pygame.image.load("wall.png")
sky_image = pygame.image.load("sky.png")
pizza_image = pygame.image.load("pizza.png")
screen.blit(wall_image,(0,200))
screen.blit(sky_image,(0,0))
all_sprites = []
pizza1 = PizzaSprite(pizza_image, (x/2, y/2))
all_sprites.append(pizza1)
while True:
ev = pygame.event.poll()
if ev.type == pygame.QUIT:
break
for sprite in all_sprites:
sprite.update()
for sprite in all_sprites:
sprite.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
main()
in the beginning of your main game while loop add
white = (255,255,255)
screen.fill(white)
let me give you a small analogy of what is happening now,
you have paper and a lot of pizza stickers with the intent to make a flip book. To make the illusion of movement on each piece of paper you place a sticker a little bit lower. The screen.fill command essentially clears the screen with the rgb color value you give it. When you dont fill the screen essentially what you are doing is trying to make that flipbook on one piece of paper. You just keep placing more and more stickers a little bit lower making a blur when what you want is one on each page.
and place
pygame.init()
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 600
x = screen_width
y = screen_height
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))
wall_image = pygame.image.load("wall.png")
sky_image = pygame.image.load("sky.png")
all outside of your main game loop assuming you wont be making changes to these variables ever in your program it is tedious and inefficient to redefine screen,,x,y,and your two images over and over again if they dont change.
so to sum it all up:
use the screen.fill(white) command to reset the color of your screen
You only need to import pngs and define variables once if they are never going to change and don't need them in your main loop
hope this helps clear things up.
I am trying to throw a ball in an arc, either an arc going left or right.
Here is my code:
var gravity = 2;
this.velocity.y += gravity;
_angle = 5;
var theta:Number;
switch(_direction) {
case "left":
theta = _angle * Math.PI/180;
this.velocity.x = Math.cos(theta) - Math.sin(theta);
break;
case "right":
theta = _angle * Math.PI/180;
this.velocity.x = Math.cos(theta) - Math.sin(theta)
break;
}
this.x += this.velocity.x;
this.y += this.velocity.y;
It doesn't really look like the ball is "arcing" at all, it seems to be more of a diagonal line?
When throwing you have two components.
A vertical acceleration due to the magics of gravity. This will be ay.
A horizontal component: Without air friction this is a constant velocity.
Let's say you throw the ball and at the moment of leaving your hand it has a velocity v0 = (v0x, v0y) and is at position p0. Then v0x will be constant for all time.
The speed of the ball at time t would be v(t) = (v0x, v0y + t * ay)
For each tick of your animation, add deltat * v(t) to the current position of the ball and you should be set.
Everytime the ball bounces, you should mirror its velocity vector on the surface it bounced and substract a certain percentage of its total energy (Ekin + Epot, although Epot will be 0 if it is on the ground and the gound is zero potential), in order to get a logarithmic bouncing.
If you want air friction too, just substract a certain small percentage of the total energy with every animation tick.
Here some code, not in ActionScript, but I hope readable. (The parameters to the ctor are both Vector2d; clone() used implicitly but you can guess what it does):
class Vector2d:
def __init__ (x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def add (other):
self.x += other.x
self.y += other.y
def mulScalar (scalar):
self.x *= scalar
self.y *= scalar
def mulVector (vector) # NOT the cross product
self.x *= vector.x
self.y *= vector.y
class BouncingBall:
AGRAV = ? #gravitational acceleration (mg)
DELTAT = ? #time between ticks
ELASTICITY = ? Elasticity of ball/floor
def __init__ (self, pos, v):
self.pos = pos
self.v = v
def tick (self):
deltapos = self.v.clone ()
deltapos.mulScalar (DELTAT)
self.pos.add (deltapos)
if self.pos.y <= 0: #bounce
self.pos.y = 0 #adjust ball to ground, you need to choose DELTAT small enough so nobody notices
self.v.mulVector (1, -1) #mirror on floor
self.v.mulScalar (ELASTICITY)
self.v.add (0, AGRAV * DELTAT)
The equations are (V = velocity, t = time elapsed, x0, y0 = coordinates of launch point):
x = x0 + Vt * cos(angle)
y = y0 + Vt * sin(angle) - (g * t^2) / 2
-------------
^
this is gravity effect, without this
the trajectory would be a line
You don't need to distinguish between left and right, for one direction V is positive, for the other V is negative.
A couple things: (a disclaimer: I am not familiar with actionscript at all but I have made a couple games needing throwing arcs.)
First, cos and sin both have bounds between -1 and 1. Generally x is plotted in pixels, so changing x by 0.5 isn't going to make a difference visibly. Also, since x should be an int, it wouldn't even show.
Secondly, the computation power needed to compute this type of physics probably isn't necessary--maybe it is if you're doing an exact physics simulation.
Also consider Hyperboreus' second comment: horizontal is generally constant. Thus, assuming that this is side-scroller-esque, you would need to vary the y component and not the x.