I am having problems with the media query, it seems not working, why, and how can i resolve? I search on the internet but i still don't get it... this is my code
#import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Code+Pro:ital,wght#1,300&display=swap');
html,body{
font-family: 'Source Code Pro', arial, sans-serif;
scroll-behavior: smooth;
background-color: white;
}
/* NAVIGATION */
#navbar{
background-color: rgba(222, 223, 222, 0.42);
height: 100%;
min-width: 390px;
max-width: 400px;
position: fixed;
top:0;
left: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
overflow-x: auto;
overflow-y: auto;
}
/* WebPage Title */
#navbar h1{
padding-left: 1em;
}
/* Container of the items (navigation list) */
#navbar ul{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#navbar li{
list-style: none;
}
.nav-link{
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
text-align: left;
padding: 0.8em 0.8em 0.8em 2.8em;
display: block;
}
#navbar li:hover{
background-color: rgba(222, 223, 222, 0.82);
}
a:visited{
color: black;
}
/* Main Page */
/* <main> tag */
#main-doc{
position: absolute;
left: 400px;
right: 0;
}
/* Tutorial Titles */
#main-doc header h1{
font-size: 1.7em;
}
/* Sections */
.main-section{
margin: 1em 2em 2.5em 2.2em;
}
article{
font-size: 0.95em;
margin-left: 2.5em;
}
code{
background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237);
padding: 0.5em;
margin-left: 1em;
font-size: 0.90em;
}
code:hover{
background-color: rgb(225, 225, 225);
}
#media all and (max-width: 600px) {
body{
background:red;
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>JS Documentation</title>
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/5968/5968292.png">
</head>
<body>
<nav id="navbar">
<header>
<h1>JS Documentation</h1>
</header>
<ul>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>What you should already know</li>
<li>JavaScript and Java</li>
<li>Hello world</li>
<li>Variables</li>
<li>Declaring variables</li>
<li>Variable scope</li>
<li>Global variables</li>
<li>Constants</li>
<li>Data types</li>
<li>if...else statement</li>
<li>while statement</li>
<li>Function declarations</li>
<li>Reference</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<!-- Technical Documentation -->
<main id="main-doc">
<!-- I "Introduction" -->
<section class="main-section" id="Introduction">
<header>
<h1>Introduction</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>JavaScript is a cross-platform, object-oriented scripting language. It is a small and lightweight language. Inside a host environment (for example, a web browser), JavaScript can be connected to the objects of its environment to provide programmatic control over them.</p>
<p>JavaScript contains a standard library of objects, such as Array, Date, and Math, and a core set of language elements such as operators, control structures, and statements. Core JavaScript can be extended for a variety of purposes by supplementing it with additional objects; for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Client-side JavaScript extends the core language by supplying objects to control a browser and its Document Object Model (DOM). For example, client-side extensions allow an application to place elements on an HTML form and respond to user events such as mouse clicks, form input, and page navigation.</li>
<li>Server-side JavaScript extends the core language by supplying objects relevant to running JavaScript on a server. For example, server-side extensions allow an application to communicate with a database, provide continuity of information from one invocation to another of the application, or perform file manipulations on a server.</li>
</ul>
</article>
</section>
<!-- II "What you should alredy know"-->
<section class="main-section" id="What_you_should_already_know">
<header>
<h1>What you should already know</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>This guide assumes you have the following basic background:</p>
<ul>
<li>A general understanding of the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW).</li>
<li>Good working knowledge of HyperText Markup Language (HTML).</li>
<li>Some programming experience. If you are new to programming, try one of the tutorials linked on the main page about JavaScript.</li>
</ul>
</article>
</section>
<!-- III "Javascript and Java"-->
<section class="main-section" id="JavaScript_and_Java">
<header>
<h1>JavaScript and Java</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>JavaScript and Java are similar in some ways but fundamentally different in some others. The JavaScript language resembles Java but does not have Java's static typing and strong type checking. JavaScript follows most Java expression syntax, naming conventions and basic control-flow constructs which was the reason why it was renamed from LiveScript to JavaScript.</p>
<p>In contrast to Java's compile-time system of classes built by declarations, JavaScript supports a runtime system based on a small number of data types representing numeric, Boolean, and string values. JavaScript has a prototype-based object model instead of the more common class-based object model. The prototype-based model provides dynamic inheritance; that is, what is inherited can vary for individual objects. JavaScript also supports functions without any special declarative requirements. Functions can be properties of objects, executing as loosely typed methods.</p>
<p>JavaScript is a very free-form language compared to Java. You do not have to declare all variables, classes, and methods. You do not have to be concerned with whether methods are public, private, or protected, and you do not have to implement interfaces. Variables, parameters, and function return types are not explicitly typed.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- IV "Hello World"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Hello_world">
<header>
<h1>Hello world</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>To get started with writing JavaScript, open the Scratchpad and write your first "Hello world" JavaScript code:</p>
<code>function greetMe(yourName) { alert("Hello " + yourName); }greetMe("World");</code>
<p>Select the code in the pad and hit Ctrl+R to watch it unfold in your browser!</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- V "Variables"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Variables">
<header>
<h1>Variables</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>You use variables as symbolic names for values in your application. The names of variables, called identifiers, conform to certain rules.</p>
<p>A JavaScript identifier must start with a letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also be digits (0-9). Because JavaScript is case sensitive, letters include the characters "A" through "Z" (uppercase) and the characters "a" through "z" (lowercase).</p>
<p>You can use ISO 8859-1 or Unicode letters such as å and ü in identifiers. You can also use the Unicode escape sequences as characters in identifiers. Some examples of legal names are Number_hits, temp99, and _name.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- VI "Declaring Variables"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Declaring_variables">
<header>
<h1>Declaring variables</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>You can declare a variable in three ways:</p>
<p>With the keyword var. For example,</p>
<code>var x = 42.</code>
<p>This syntax can be used to declare both local and global variables.</p>
<p>By simply assigning it a value. For example,</p>
<code>x = 42.</code>
<p>This always declares a global variable. It generates a strict JavaScript warning. You shouldn't use this variant.</p>
<p>With the keyword let. For example,</p>
<code>let y = 13.</code>
<p>This syntax can be used to declare a block scope local variable. See Variable scope below.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- VII "Variable scope"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Variable_scope">
<header>
<h1>Variable scope</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>When you declare a variable outside of any function, it is called a global variable, because it is available to any other code in the current document. When you declare a variable within a function, it is called a local variable, because it is available only within that function.</p>
<p>JavaScript before ECMAScript 2015 does not have block statement scope; rather, a variable declared within a block is local to the function (or global scope) that the block resides within. For example the following code will log 5, because the scope of x is the function (or global context) within which x is declared, not the block, which in this case is an if statement.</p>
<code>if (true) { var x = 5; } console.log(x); // 5</code>
<p>This behavior changes, when using the let declaration introduced in ECMAScript 2015.</p>
<code>if (true) { let y = 5; } console.log(y); // ReferenceError: y is not defined</code>
</article>
</section>
<!-- VIII "Global Variables"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Global_variables">
<header>
<h1>Global variables</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>Global variables are in fact properties of the global object. In web pages the global object is window, so you can set and access global variables using the window.variable syntax.</p>
<p>Consequently, you can access global variables declared in one window or frame from another window or frame by specifying the window or frame name. For example, if a variable called phoneNumber is declared in a document, you can refer to this variable from an iframe as parent.phoneNumber.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- IX "Constants"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Constants">
<header>
<h1>Constants</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>You can create a read-only, named constant with the const keyword. The syntax of a constant identifier is the same as for a variable identifier: it must start with a letter, underscore or dollar sign and can contain alphabetic, numeric, or underscore characters.</p>
<code>const PI = 3.14;</code>
<p>A constant cannot change value through assignment or be re-declared while the script is running. It has to be initialized to a value.</p>
<p>The scope rules for constants are the same as those for let block scope variables. If the const keyword is omitted, the identifier is assumed to represent a variable.</p>
<p>You cannot declare a constant with the same name as a function or variable in the same scope. For example:</p>
<code>// THIS WILL CAUSE AN ERROR function f() {}; const f = 5;
// THIS WILL CAUSE AN ERROR ALSO function f() { const g = 5;var g; //statements }</code>
<p>However, object attributes are not protected, so the following statement is executed without problems.</p>
<code>const MY_OBJECT = {"key": "value"}; MY_OBJECT.key = "otherValue";</code>
</article>
</section>
<!-- X "Data types"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Data_types">
<header>
<h1>Data types</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>The latest ECMAScript standard defines seven data types:</p>
<ul>
<li>Six data types that are primitives:</li>
<ul>
<li>Boolean. true and false.</li>
<li>null. A special keyword denoting a null value. Because JavaScript is case-sensitive, null is not the same as Null, NULL, or any other variant.</li>
<li>undefined. A top-level property whose value is undefined.</li>
<li>Number. 42 or 3.14159.</li>
<li>String. "Howdy"</li>
<li>Symbol (new in ECMAScript 2015). A data type whose instances are unique and immutable.</li>
</ul>
<li>and Object</li>
</ul>
<p>Although these data types are a relatively small amount, they enable you to perform useful functions with your applications. Objects and functions are the other fundamental elements in the language. You can think of objects as named containers for values, and functions as procedures that your application can perform.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- XI "if... else statement"-->
<section class="main-section" id="if_else_statement">
<header>
<h1>if...else statement</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>Use the if statement to execute a statement if a logical condition is true. Use the optional else clause to execute a statement if the condition is false. An if statement looks as follows:</p>
<code>if (condition) { statement_1; } else { statement_2; }</code>
<p>condition can be any expression that evaluates to true or false. See Boolean for an explanation of what evaluates to true and false. If condition evaluates to true, statement_1 is executed; otherwise, statement_2 is executed. statement_1 and statement_2 can be any statement, including further nested if statements.</p>
<p>You may also compound the statements using else if to have multiple conditions tested in sequence, as follows:</p>
<code>if (condition_1) { statement_1; } else if (condition_2) { statement_2; } else if (condition_n) { statement_n; } else { statement_last; }</code>
<p>In the case of multiple conditions only the first logical condition which evaluates to true will be executed. To execute multiple statements, group them within a block statement ({ ... }) . In general, it's good practice to always use block statements, especially when nesting if statements:</p>
<code>if (condition) { statement_1_runs_if_condition_is_true; statement_2_runs_if_condition_is_true; } else { statement_3_runs_if_condition_is_false; statement_4_runs_if_condition_is_false; }</code>
<p>It is advisable to not use simple assignments in a conditional expression, because the assignment can be confused with equality when glancing over the code. For example, do not use the following code:</p>
<code>if (x = y) { /* statements here */ }</code>
<p>If you need to use an assignment in a conditional expression, a common practice is to put additional parentheses around the assignment. For example:</p>
<code>if ((x = y)) { /* statements here */ }</code>
</article>
</section>
<!-- XII "while statement"-->
<section class="main-section" id="while_statement">
<header>
<h1>while statement</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>A while statement executes its statements as long as a specified condition evaluates to true. A while statement looks as follows:</p>
<code>while (condition) statement</code>
<p>If the condition becomes false, statement within the loop stops executing and control passes to the statement following the loop.</p>
<p>The condition test occurs before statement in the loop is executed. If the condition returns true, statement is executed and the condition is tested again. If the condition returns false, execution stops and control is passed to the statement following while.</p>
<p>To execute multiple statements, use a block statement ({ ... }) to group those statements.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>The following while loop iterates as long as n is less than three:</p>
<code>var n = 0; var x = 0; while (n < 3) { n++; x += n; }</code>
<p>With each iteration, the loop increments n and adds that value to x. Therefore, x and n take on the following values:</p>
<ul>
<li>After the first pass: n = 1 and x = 1</li>
<li>After the second pass: n = 2 and x = 3</li>
<li>After the third pass: n = 3 and x = 6</li>
</ul>
<p>After completing the third pass, the condition n < 3 is no longer true, so the loop terminates.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- XIII "Function declarations"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Function_declarations">
<header>
<h1>Function declarations</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>A function definition (also called a function declaration, or function statement) consists of the function keyword, followed by:</p>
<ul>
<li>The name of the function.</li>
<li>A list of arguments to the function, enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas.</li>
<li>The JavaScript statements that define the function, enclosed in curly brackets, { }.</li>
</ul>
<p>For example, the following code defines a simple function named square:</p>
<code>function square(number) { return number * number; }</code>
<p>The function square takes one argument, called number. The function consists of one statement that says to return the argument of the function (that is, number) multiplied by itself. The return statement specifies the value returned by the function.</p>
<code>return number * number;</code>
<p>Primitive parameters (such as a number) are passed to functions by value; the value is passed to the function, but if the function changes the value of the parameter, this change is not reflected globally or in the calling function.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- XIV "Reference"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Reference">
<header>
<h1>Reference</h1>
</header>
<article>
<ul>
<li>All the documentation in this page is taken from MDN</li>
</ul>
</article>
</section>
</main>
</body>
</html>
My problem:
#media (max-width: 480px) {
body{
background:red;
}
}
And i have another question when i tried to use the vieport meta tag () but it bugs more ...
First you are missing the very important tag for responsive
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
Second, because initially you are applying the background-color to html,body
So either apply it in the media query to html, body, or remove html from the declaration
Solution 1 - html, body
html,
body {
background-color: white;
}
#media all and (max-width: 650px) { /* changed to 650px for demo in snippet */
html,
body {
background-color: red;
}
}
Solution 2 - html removed
body {
background-color: white;
}
#media all and (max-width: 650px) { /* changed to 650px for demo in snippet */
body {
background-color: red;
}
}
You need to include meta viewport tag
You need to work on your css for multiple views.
Below is the quick fix.
#media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body{
background-color:red;
}
#main-doc{
position: relative;
left: 400px;
right: 0;
}
}
#import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Code+Pro:ital,wght#1,300&display=swap');
html,body{
font-family: 'Source Code Pro', arial, sans-serif;
scroll-behavior: smooth;
background-color: white;
}
/* NAVIGATION */
#navbar{
background-color: rgba(222, 223, 222, 0.42);
height: 100%;
min-width: 390px;
max-width: 400px;
position: fixed;
top:0;
left: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
overflow-x: auto;
overflow-y: auto;
}
/* WebPage Title */
#navbar h1{
padding-left: 1em;
}
/* Container of the items (navigation list) */
#navbar ul{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#navbar li{
list-style: none;
}
.nav-link{
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
text-align: left;
padding: 0.8em 0.8em 0.8em 2.8em;
display: block;
}
#navbar li:hover{
background-color: rgba(222, 223, 222, 0.82);
}
a:visited{
color: black;
}
/* Main Page */
/* <main> tag */
#main-doc{
position: relative;
left: 400px;
right: 0;
}
/* Tutorial Titles */
#main-doc header h1{
font-size: 1.7em;
}
/* Sections */
.main-section{
margin: 1em 2em 2.5em 2.2em;
}
article{
font-size: 0.95em;
margin-left: 2.5em;
}
code{
background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237);
padding: 0.5em;
margin-left: 1em;
font-size: 0.90em;
}
code:hover{
background-color: rgb(225, 225, 225);
}
#media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body{
background-color:red;
}
#main-doc{
position: relative;
left: 400px;
right: 0;
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>JS Documentation</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/5968/5968292.png">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<nav id="navbar">
<header>
<h1>JS Documentation</h1>
</header>
<ul>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>What you should already know</li>
<li>JavaScript and Java</li>
<li>Hello world</li>
<li>Variables</li>
<li>Declaring variables</li>
<li>Variable scope</li>
<li>Global variables</li>
<li>Constants</li>
<li>Data types</li>
<li>if...else statement</li>
<li>while statement</li>
<li>Function declarations</li>
<li>Reference</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<!-- Technical Documentation -->
<main id="main-doc">
<!-- I "Introduction" -->
<section class="main-section" id="Introduction">
<header>
<h1>Introduction</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>JavaScript is a cross-platform, object-oriented scripting language. It is a small and lightweight language. Inside a host environment (for example, a web browser), JavaScript can be connected to the objects of its environment to provide programmatic control over them.</p>
<p>JavaScript contains a standard library of objects, such as Array, Date, and Math, and a core set of language elements such as operators, control structures, and statements. Core JavaScript can be extended for a variety of purposes by supplementing it with additional objects; for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Client-side JavaScript extends the core language by supplying objects to control a browser and its Document Object Model (DOM). For example, client-side extensions allow an application to place elements on an HTML form and respond to user events such as mouse clicks, form input, and page navigation.</li>
<li>Server-side JavaScript extends the core language by supplying objects relevant to running JavaScript on a server. For example, server-side extensions allow an application to communicate with a database, provide continuity of information from one invocation to another of the application, or perform file manipulations on a server.</li>
</ul>
</article>
</section>
<!-- II "What you should alredy know"-->
<section class="main-section" id="What_you_should_already_know">
<header>
<h1>What you should already know</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>This guide assumes you have the following basic background:</p>
<ul>
<li>A general understanding of the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW).</li>
<li>Good working knowledge of HyperText Markup Language (HTML).</li>
<li>Some programming experience. If you are new to programming, try one of the tutorials linked on the main page about JavaScript.</li>
</ul>
</article>
</section>
<!-- III "Javascript and Java"-->
<section class="main-section" id="JavaScript_and_Java">
<header>
<h1>JavaScript and Java</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>JavaScript and Java are similar in some ways but fundamentally different in some others. The JavaScript language resembles Java but does not have Java's static typing and strong type checking. JavaScript follows most Java expression syntax, naming conventions and basic control-flow constructs which was the reason why it was renamed from LiveScript to JavaScript.</p>
<p>In contrast to Java's compile-time system of classes built by declarations, JavaScript supports a runtime system based on a small number of data types representing numeric, Boolean, and string values. JavaScript has a prototype-based object model instead of the more common class-based object model. The prototype-based model provides dynamic inheritance; that is, what is inherited can vary for individual objects. JavaScript also supports functions without any special declarative requirements. Functions can be properties of objects, executing as loosely typed methods.</p>
<p>JavaScript is a very free-form language compared to Java. You do not have to declare all variables, classes, and methods. You do not have to be concerned with whether methods are public, private, or protected, and you do not have to implement interfaces. Variables, parameters, and function return types are not explicitly typed.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- IV "Hello World"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Hello_world">
<header>
<h1>Hello world</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>To get started with writing JavaScript, open the Scratchpad and write your first "Hello world" JavaScript code:</p>
<code>function greetMe(yourName) { alert("Hello " + yourName); }greetMe("World");</code>
<p>Select the code in the pad and hit Ctrl+R to watch it unfold in your browser!</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- V "Variables"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Variables">
<header>
<h1>Variables</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>You use variables as symbolic names for values in your application. The names of variables, called identifiers, conform to certain rules.</p>
<p>A JavaScript identifier must start with a letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also be digits (0-9). Because JavaScript is case sensitive, letters include the characters "A" through "Z" (uppercase) and the characters "a" through "z" (lowercase).</p>
<p>You can use ISO 8859-1 or Unicode letters such as å and ü in identifiers. You can also use the Unicode escape sequences as characters in identifiers. Some examples of legal names are Number_hits, temp99, and _name.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- VI "Declaring Variables"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Declaring_variables">
<header>
<h1>Declaring variables</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>You can declare a variable in three ways:</p>
<p>With the keyword var. For example,</p>
<code>var x = 42.</code>
<p>This syntax can be used to declare both local and global variables.</p>
<p>By simply assigning it a value. For example,</p>
<code>x = 42.</code>
<p>This always declares a global variable. It generates a strict JavaScript warning. You shouldn't use this variant.</p>
<p>With the keyword let. For example,</p>
<code>let y = 13.</code>
<p>This syntax can be used to declare a block scope local variable. See Variable scope below.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- VII "Variable scope"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Variable_scope">
<header>
<h1>Variable scope</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>When you declare a variable outside of any function, it is called a global variable, because it is available to any other code in the current document. When you declare a variable within a function, it is called a local variable, because it is available only within that function.</p>
<p>JavaScript before ECMAScript 2015 does not have block statement scope; rather, a variable declared within a block is local to the function (or global scope) that the block resides within. For example the following code will log 5, because the scope of x is the function (or global context) within which x is declared, not the block, which in this case is an if statement.</p>
<code>if (true) { var x = 5; } console.log(x); // 5</code>
<p>This behavior changes, when using the let declaration introduced in ECMAScript 2015.</p>
<code>if (true) { let y = 5; } console.log(y); // ReferenceError: y is not defined</code>
</article>
</section>
<!-- VIII "Global Variables"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Global_variables">
<header>
<h1>Global variables</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>Global variables are in fact properties of the global object. In web pages the global object is window, so you can set and access global variables using the window.variable syntax.</p>
<p>Consequently, you can access global variables declared in one window or frame from another window or frame by specifying the window or frame name. For example, if a variable called phoneNumber is declared in a document, you can refer to this variable from an iframe as parent.phoneNumber.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- IX "Constants"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Constants">
<header>
<h1>Constants</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>You can create a read-only, named constant with the const keyword. The syntax of a constant identifier is the same as for a variable identifier: it must start with a letter, underscore or dollar sign and can contain alphabetic, numeric, or underscore characters.</p>
<code>const PI = 3.14;</code>
<p>A constant cannot change value through assignment or be re-declared while the script is running. It has to be initialized to a value.</p>
<p>The scope rules for constants are the same as those for let block scope variables. If the const keyword is omitted, the identifier is assumed to represent a variable.</p>
<p>You cannot declare a constant with the same name as a function or variable in the same scope. For example:</p>
<code>// THIS WILL CAUSE AN ERROR function f() {}; const f = 5;
// THIS WILL CAUSE AN ERROR ALSO function f() { const g = 5;var g; //statements }</code>
<p>However, object attributes are not protected, so the following statement is executed without problems.</p>
<code>const MY_OBJECT = {"key": "value"}; MY_OBJECT.key = "otherValue";</code>
</article>
</section>
<!-- X "Data types"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Data_types">
<header>
<h1>Data types</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>The latest ECMAScript standard defines seven data types:</p>
<ul>
<li>Six data types that are primitives:</li>
<ul>
<li>Boolean. true and false.</li>
<li>null. A special keyword denoting a null value. Because JavaScript is case-sensitive, null is not the same as Null, NULL, or any other variant.</li>
<li>undefined. A top-level property whose value is undefined.</li>
<li>Number. 42 or 3.14159.</li>
<li>String. "Howdy"</li>
<li>Symbol (new in ECMAScript 2015). A data type whose instances are unique and immutable.</li>
</ul>
<li>and Object</li>
</ul>
<p>Although these data types are a relatively small amount, they enable you to perform useful functions with your applications. Objects and functions are the other fundamental elements in the language. You can think of objects as named containers for values, and functions as procedures that your application can perform.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- XI "if... else statement"-->
<section class="main-section" id="if_else_statement">
<header>
<h1>if...else statement</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>Use the if statement to execute a statement if a logical condition is true. Use the optional else clause to execute a statement if the condition is false. An if statement looks as follows:</p>
<code>if (condition) { statement_1; } else { statement_2; }</code>
<p>condition can be any expression that evaluates to true or false. See Boolean for an explanation of what evaluates to true and false. If condition evaluates to true, statement_1 is executed; otherwise, statement_2 is executed. statement_1 and statement_2 can be any statement, including further nested if statements.</p>
<p>You may also compound the statements using else if to have multiple conditions tested in sequence, as follows:</p>
<code>if (condition_1) { statement_1; } else if (condition_2) { statement_2; } else if (condition_n) { statement_n; } else { statement_last; }</code>
<p>In the case of multiple conditions only the first logical condition which evaluates to true will be executed. To execute multiple statements, group them within a block statement ({ ... }) . In general, it's good practice to always use block statements, especially when nesting if statements:</p>
<code>if (condition) { statement_1_runs_if_condition_is_true; statement_2_runs_if_condition_is_true; } else { statement_3_runs_if_condition_is_false; statement_4_runs_if_condition_is_false; }</code>
<p>It is advisable to not use simple assignments in a conditional expression, because the assignment can be confused with equality when glancing over the code. For example, do not use the following code:</p>
<code>if (x = y) { /* statements here */ }</code>
<p>If you need to use an assignment in a conditional expression, a common practice is to put additional parentheses around the assignment. For example:</p>
<code>if ((x = y)) { /* statements here */ }</code>
</article>
</section>
<!-- XII "while statement"-->
<section class="main-section" id="while_statement">
<header>
<h1>while statement</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>A while statement executes its statements as long as a specified condition evaluates to true. A while statement looks as follows:</p>
<code>while (condition) statement</code>
<p>If the condition becomes false, statement within the loop stops executing and control passes to the statement following the loop.</p>
<p>The condition test occurs before statement in the loop is executed. If the condition returns true, statement is executed and the condition is tested again. If the condition returns false, execution stops and control is passed to the statement following while.</p>
<p>To execute multiple statements, use a block statement ({ ... }) to group those statements.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>The following while loop iterates as long as n is less than three:</p>
<code>var n = 0; var x = 0; while (n < 3) { n++; x += n; }</code>
<p>With each iteration, the loop increments n and adds that value to x. Therefore, x and n take on the following values:</p>
<ul>
<li>After the first pass: n = 1 and x = 1</li>
<li>After the second pass: n = 2 and x = 3</li>
<li>After the third pass: n = 3 and x = 6</li>
</ul>
<p>After completing the third pass, the condition n < 3 is no longer true, so the loop terminates.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- XIII "Function declarations"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Function_declarations">
<header>
<h1>Function declarations</h1>
</header>
<article>
<p>A function definition (also called a function declaration, or function statement) consists of the function keyword, followed by:</p>
<ul>
<li>The name of the function.</li>
<li>A list of arguments to the function, enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas.</li>
<li>The JavaScript statements that define the function, enclosed in curly brackets, { }.</li>
</ul>
<p>For example, the following code defines a simple function named square:</p>
<code>function square(number) { return number * number; }</code>
<p>The function square takes one argument, called number. The function consists of one statement that says to return the argument of the function (that is, number) multiplied by itself. The return statement specifies the value returned by the function.</p>
<code>return number * number;</code>
<p>Primitive parameters (such as a number) are passed to functions by value; the value is passed to the function, but if the function changes the value of the parameter, this change is not reflected globally or in the calling function.</p>
</article>
</section>
<!-- XIV "Reference"-->
<section class="main-section" id="Reference">
<header>
<h1>Reference</h1>
</header>
<article>
<ul>
<li>All the documentation in this page is taken from MDN</li>
</ul>
</article>
</section>
</main>
</body>
</html>
I was practicing along with this freecodecamp challenge and am trying to achieve this output
This is my HTML code
<script src="https://cdn.freecodecamp.org/testable-projects-fcc/v1/bundle.js"></script>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=">
<title>Technical Documentation</title>
</head>
<body>
<main id="main-doc">
<section class="main-section" id="introduction">
<!--1-->
<header>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
</header>
<p>JavaScript is a cross-platform, object-oriented scripting language. It is a small and lightweight language. Inside a host environment (for example, a web browser), JavaScript can be connected to the objects of its environment to provide programmatic control over them.</p>
<p>JavaScript contains a standard library of objects, such as Array, Date, and Math, and a core set of language elements such as operators, control structures, and statements. Core JavaScript can be extended for a variety of purposes by supplementing it with additional objects; for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Client-side JavaScript extends the core language by supplying objects to control a browser and its Document Object Model (DOM). For example, client-side extensions allow an application to place elements on an HTML form and respond to user events such as mouse clicks, form input, and page navigation.</li>
<li>Server-side JavaScript extends the core language by supplying objects relevant to running JavaScript on a server. For example, server-side extensions allow an application to communicate with a database, provide continuity of information from one invocation to another of the application, or perform file manipulations on a server.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="what_you_should_already_know">
<!--2-->
<header>
<h2>What you should already know</h2>
</header>
<p>This guide assumes you have the following basic background:</p>
<ul>
<li>A general understanding of the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW).</li>
<li>Good working knowledge of HyperText Markup Language (HTML).</li>
<li>Some programming experience. If you are new to programming, try one of the tutorials linked on the main page about JavaScript.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="javascript_and_java">
<!--3-->
<header>
<h2>Javascript and Java</h2>
</header>
<p>JavaScript and Java are similar in some ways but fundamentally different in some others. The JavaScript language resembles Java but does not have Java's static typing and strong type checking. JavaScript follows most Java expression syntax, naming conventions and basic control-flow constructs which was the reason why it was renamed from LiveScript to JavaScript.</p>
<p>In contrast to Java's compile-time system of classes built by declarations, JavaScript supports a runtime system based on a small number of data types representing numeric, Boolean, and string values. JavaScript has a prototype-based object model instead of the more common class-based object model. The prototype-based model provides dynamic inheritance; that is, what is inherited can vary for individual objects. JavaScript also supports functions without any special declarative requirements. Functions can be properties of objects, executing as loosely typed methods.</p>
<p>JavaScript is a very free-form language compared to Java. You do not have to declare all variables, classes, and methods. You do not have to be concerned with whether methods are public, private, or protected, and you do not have to implement interfaces. Variables, parameters, and function return types are not explicitly typed.</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="hello_world">
<!--4-->
<header>
<h2>Hello World</h2>
</header>
<p>To get started with writing JavaScript, open the Scratchpad and write your first "Hello world" JavaScript code:</p>
<pre>
<code>
function greetMe(yourName) { alert("Hello " + yourName); }
greetMe("World");
</code>
</pre>
<p>Select the code in the pad and hit Ctrl+R to watch it unfold in your browser!</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="variables">
<!--5-->
<header>
<h2>Variables</h2>
</header>
<p>You use variables as symbolic names for values in your application. The names of variables, called identifiers, conform to certain rules.</p>
<p>A JavaScript identifier must start with a letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also be digits (0-9). Because JavaScript is case sensitive, letters include the characters "A" through "Z" (uppercase) and the characters "a" through "z" (lowercase).</p>
<p>You can use ISO 8859-1 or Unicode letters such as å and ü in identifiers. You can also use the Unicode escape sequences as characters in identifiers. Some examples of legal names are Number_hits, temp99, and _name.</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="declaring_variables">
<!--6-->
<header>
<h2>Declaring Variables</h2>
</header>
<p>You can declare a variable in three ways:</p>
<p>With the keyword var. For example,</p>
<pre>
<code>var x = 42;</code>
</pre>
<p>This syntax can be used to declare both local and global variables.</p>
<p>By simply assigning a value. For example,</p>
<pre>
<code>x = 42;</code>
</pre>
<p>This always declares a global variable. It generates a strict JavaScript warning. You shouldn't use this variant.</p>
<p>With the keyword let. For example,</p>
<pre>
<code>let x = 42;</code>
</pre>
<p>This syntax can be used to declare a block scope local variable. See Variable scope below.</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="variable_scope">
<!--7-->
<header>
<h2>Variable Scope</h2>
</header>
<p>When you declare a variable outside of any function, it is called a global variable, because it is available to any other code in the current document. When you declare a variable within a function, it is called a local variable, because it is available only within that function.</p>
<p>JavaScript before ECMAScript 2015 does not have block statement scope; rather, a variable declared within a block is local to the function (or global scope) that the block resides within. For example the following code will log 5, because the scope of x is the function (or global context) within which x is declared, not the block, which in this case is an if statement.</p>
<code>if (true) { var x = 5; } console.log(x); // 5</code>
<p>This behavior changes, when using the let declaration introduced in ECMAScript 2015.</p>
<code>
if (true) { let y = 5; } console.log(y); // ReferenceError: y is not
defined
</code>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="global_variables">
<!--8-->
<header>
<h2>Global Variables</h2>
</header>
<p>Global variables are in fact properties of the global object. In web pages the global object is window, so you can set and access global variables using the window.variable syntax.</p>
<p>Consequently, you can access global variables declared in one window or frame from another window or frame by specifying the window or frame name. For example, if a variable called phoneNumber is declared in a document, you can refer to this variable from an iframe as parent.phoneNumber.</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="constants">
<!--9-->
<header>
<h2>Constants</h2>
</header>
<p>You can create a read-only, named constant with the const keyword. The syntax of a constant identifier is the same as for a variable identifier: it must start with a letter, underscore or dollar sign and can contain alphabetic, numeric, or underscore characters.</p>
<pre>
<code>const PI = 3.14;</code>
</pre>
<p>A constant cannot change value through assignment or be re-declared while the script is running. It has to be initialized to a value.</p>
<p>The scope rules for constants are the same as those for let block scope variables. If the const keyword is omitted, the identifier is assumed to represent a variable.</p>
<p>You cannot declare a constant with the same name as a function or variable in the same scope. For example:</p>
<pre>
<code>
// THIS WILL CAUSE AN ERROR
function f() {}; const f = 5;
// THIS WILL CAUSE AN ERROR ALSO
function f() { const g = 5; var g; //statements
}
</code>
</pre>
<p>However, object attributes are not protected, so the following statement is executed without problems.</p>
<pre>
<code>
const MY_OBJECT = {"key": "value"}; MY_OBJECT.key = "otherValue";
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="data_types">
<!--10-->
<header>
<h2>Data Types</h2>
</header>
<p>The latest ECMAScript standard defines seven data types:</p>
<ul>
<li>Six data types that are primitives</li>
<ul>
<li>Boolean. true and false.</li>
<li>null. A special keyword denoting a null value. Because JavaScript is case-sensitive, null is not the same as Null, NULL, or any other variant.</li>
<li>undefined. A top-level property whose value is undefined.</li>
<li>Number. 42 or 3.14159.</li>
<li>String. "Howdy"</li>
<li>Symbol (new in ECMAScript 2015). A data type whose instances are unique and immutable.</li>
</ul>
<li>and Object</li>
</ul>
<p>Although these data types are a relatively small amount, they enable you to perform useful functions with your applications. Objects and functions are the other fundamental elements in the language. You can think of objects as named containers for values, and functions as procedures that your application can perform.</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="if...else_statement">
<!--11-->
<header>
<h2>if...else statement</h2>
</header>
<p>Use the if statement to execute a statement if a logical condition is true. Use the optional else clause to execute a statement if the condition is false. An if statement looks as follows:</p>
<pre>
<code>
if (condition) { statement_1; } else { statement_2; }
</code>
</pre>
<p>condition can be any expression that evaluates to true or false. See Boolean for an explanation of what evaluates to true and false. If condition evaluates to true, statement_1 is executed; otherwise, statement_2 is executed. statement_1 and statement_2 can be any statement, including further nested if statements.</p>
<p>You may also compound the statements using else if to have multiple conditions tested in sequence, as follows:</p>
<pre>
<code>
if (condition_1) { statement_1; } else if (condition_2) { statement_2;
} else if (condition_n) { statement_n; } else { statement_last; }
</code>
</pre>
<p>In the case of multiple conditions only the first logical condition which evaluates to true will be executed. To execute multiple statements, group them within a block statement ({ ... }) . In general, it's good practice to always use block statements, especially when nesting if statements:</p>
<pre>
<code>
if (condition) { statement_1_runs_if_condition_is_true;
statement_2_runs_if_condition_is_true; } else {
statement_3_runs_if_condition_is_false;
statement_4_runs_if_condition_is_false; }
</code>
</pre>
<p>It is advisable to not use simple assignments in a conditional expression, because the assignment can be confused with equality when glancing over the code. For example, do not use the following code:</p>
<pre>
<code>
if (x = y) { /* statements here */ }
</code>
</pre>
<p>If you need to use an assignment in a conditional expression, a common practice is to put additional parentheses around the assignment. For example:</p>
<pre>
<code>
if ((x = y)) { /* statements here */ }
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="while_statement">
<!--12-->
<header>
<h2>While statement</h2>
</header>
<p>A while statement executes its statements as long as a specified condition evaluates to true. A while statement looks as follows:</p>
<pre>
<code>
while (condition) statement
</code>
</pre>
<p>If the condition becomes false, statement within the loop stops executing and control passes to the statement following the loop.</p>
<p>The condition test occurs before statement in the loop is executed. If the condition returns true, statement is executed and the condition is tested again. If the condition returns false, execution stops and control is passed to the statement following while.</p>
<p>To execute multiple statements, use a block statement ({ ... }) to group those statements.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>The following while loop iterates as long as n is less than three:</p>
<pre>
<code>
var n = 0; var x = 0; while (n<3) { n++; x += n; }
</code>
</pre>
<p>With each iteration, the loop increments n and adds that value to x. Therefore, x and n take on the following values:</p>
<ul>
<li>After the first pass: n = 1 and x = 1</li>
<li>After the second pass: n = 2 and x = 3</li>
<li>After the third pass: n = 3 and x = 6</li>
</ul>
<p>After completing the third pass, the condition n<3 is no longer true, so the loop terminates.</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="function_decleration">
<!--13-->
<header>
<h2>Function decleration</h2>
</header>
<p>A function definition (also called a function declaration, or function statement) consists of the function keyword, followed by:</p>
<ul>
<li>The name of the function.</li>
<li>A list of arguments to the function, enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas.</li>
<li>The JavaScript statements that define the function, enclosed in curly brackets, { }.</li>
</ul>
<p>For example, the following code defines a simple function named square:</p>
<pre>
<code>
function square(number) { return number * number; }
</code>
</pre>
<p>The function square takes one argument, called number. The function consists of one statement that says to return the argument of the function (that is, number) multiplied by itself. The return statement specifies the value returned by the function.</p>
<pre>
<code>
return number * number;
</code>
</pre>
<p>Primitive parameters (such as a number) are passed to functions by value; the value is passed to the function, but if the function changes the value of the parameter, this change is not reflected globally or in the calling function.</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="reference">
<!--14-->
<header>
<h2>Reference</h2>
</header>
<ul>
<li>All the documentation in this page is taken from MDN</li>
</ul>
</section>
</main>
<nav id="navbar">
<header>
<h1>JS Documentation</h1>
</header>
<a class="nav-link" href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#what_you_should_already_know">What you should already know</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#javascript_and_java">Javascript and Java</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#hello_world">Hello World</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#variables">Variables</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#declaring_variables">Declaring variables</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#variable_scope">Variable scope</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#global_variables">Global variables</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#constants">Constants</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#data_types">Data types</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#if...else_statement">if...else statement</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#while_statement">While statement</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#function_decleration">Function decleration</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#reference">Reference</a>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
This is CSS code
#import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato:wght#300;700&display=swap');
body{
font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
display:grid;
grid-template-columns:30% 70%;
grid-template-areas:"nav-bar main";
}
.nav-link{
display:block;
color:#000;
text-decoration:none;
border:1px solid #000;
border-right:none;
border-left:none;
padding:15px;
margin:0;
text-align:center;
font-size:15px;
}
#main-doc{
padding:10px;
}
nav{
border-right:3px solid black;
display:inline;
position:fixed;
top:0;
left:0;
padding:30px;
grid-area:nav-bar;
}
#media (max-width:450px){
body{
font-size:1em;
display:grid;
grid-template-columns:none;
grid-template-rows:30% 70%;
grid-template-areas: "nav-bar" "main-content";
}
nav{
position:static;
border:none;
grid-area:nav-bar;
height:auto;
border:1px solid blue;
width:100%;
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
}
.nav-link{
padding:0;
margin:0 auto;
display:block;
}
#main-doc{
grid-area:main-content;
border:1px solid red;
}
}
Most of the work in the media query is done and the output is ok-ish, but for some reason, the nav is stuck to the top of the viewport despite changing to position:static.
Can someone please help me figure out what's wrong here?
Thanks,
Sohaib
At first I would change the media query to:
#media only screen and (max-width: 600px)
I took the 600px from Google's Material Design Material IO - Responsive grid layout. You can also check how the big players (e.g. Bootstrap) define their media queries.
When you need a media query for screen size x to y use (do not forget the unit px):
#media only screen and (min-width: 601px and max-width: 1199px)
When the navbar should not be visible in a mobile view, you can simply remove it from your body-grid.
body{
grid-template-columns: 100%;
grid-template-rows: 100%;
grid-template-areas: "main-content";
}
Your problem was, that your grid remains the same in your media query. So there was still the 30% navbar and 70% main-doc.
grid-template-rows:30% 70%;
Notice that this is in practice not a very good solution, because the navbar never will be visible. In the most cases, the navbar can be toggled by a menu icon or something like that.
I saw some more issues in your project, e.g. your navbar has no background-color and has the property display: inline which is not necessary because the navbar is inside a grid-child. So you have some stuff you do not really need. Just have a look at some docs which describes properties such as display or position more detailed.
Also have a look at flex-box and grid which are the most common tools to create a responsive design. Two very good guides are A Complete Guide to Flexbox and A Complete Guide to Grid.
Sorry for the confusing I caused. I did not paste my code because it is part of my big assignment. Also, I do not sure what parts of code cause the problem. So I paste the parts of the code that contains these three buttons
I want to make these three button display horizontally( Which I think is default). However, the website shows them vertically. Could anyone tell me the reason behind it? what should I do to make them horizontally.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
</div>
<div id="Comparing Energy" class="tab">
<h3 style="color:darkblue;"> Units for comparing energy (Gasoline and Enthanol) </h3>
<p class="Sansserif">BTU stands for British Thermal Unit, which is a unit of energy consumed by or delivered to a building. A BTU is defined as the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit, at normal atmospheric pressure. Energy consumption is expressed in BTU to allow for consumption comparisons among fuels that are measured in different units. [think-energy.net]</p>
<pre class="Sansserif"><span style="font-family:sans-serif;">Below are some BTU content of common energy units:
1 gallon of heating oil = 138,500 BTU
1 cubic foot of natural gas = 1,032 BTU
1 gallon of propane = 91,333 BTU
</span></pre>
<p class="Sansserif"><b>Let's compare the different energy amount between burn gasoline and ethanol</b></p>
<button onclick="expandable()"><b>Calculate</b></button>
<p id="inputinfo" class="Sansserif" style="display:none"> By entering the amount of gasoline, this program will perform the appropriate calculations and display the equivalent amount of energy it produces in BTU. Please input a number: </p>
<input id="btu" style="display:none" onkeyup="myDefault()">
<button id="energybutton" onclick="energy()" style="display:none;"><b>Submit</b></button>
<button id="wizardbutton" onclick="wizard()" style="display:none;"><b>Wizard</b></button>
<button id="slidebutton" onclick="simple()" style="display: none;"><b>Simple</b></button>
<p id="numb2" style="display:none">
<input type=radio name=myradio onclick=document.getElementById("btu").value=1>Small<br>
<input type=radio name=myradio onclick=document.getElementById("btu").value=4>Medium<br>
<input type=radio name=myradio onclick=document.getElementById("btu").value=6>Large<br>
</p>
<p id="BTU"></p>
<p id="defaultValue"></p>
<script>
function energy() {
var x, text;
// Get the value of the input field with id="numb"
x = document.getElementById('btu').value;
j = x * 115000
t = x*76700
text = " "+x+" gallon of gas produces "+j+" BTU "+x+" gallon of ethanol produces "+t+" BTU";
document.getElementById("BTU").innerHTML = text;
}
function myDefault() {
var x = document.getElementById('btu').value;
if (x <= 10)
document.getElementById("defaultValue").innerHTML = "A typical small one is 5";
else if ((x > 10) && (x <= 20))
document.getElementById("defaultValue").innerHTML = "A typical medium one is 15";
else if (x > 20)
document.getElementById("defaultValue").innerHTML = "A typical large one is 25";
else
document.getElementById("defaultValue").innerHTML = " ";
}
function wizard() {
var v = prompt("By entering the amount of gasoline, this program will perform the appropriate calculations and display the equivalent amount of energy it produces in BTU. Please input a number: ");
if (v != null) {
document.getElementById('btu').value=v;
}
}
function simple() {
document.getElementById('btu').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('numb2').style.display='block';
}
function expandable() {
document.getElementById('inputinfo').style.display='block';
document.getElementById('btu').style.display='block';
document.getElementById('energybutton').style.display='block';
document.getElementById('wizardbutton').style.display='block';
document.getElementById('slidebutton').style.display='block';
}
</script>
</div>
</body>
</html>
display: inline-block;
This should solve your problem.
Hard to say without the rest of your code present, but probably some other CSS is causing the buttons to render as block elements instead of their standard inline display mode.
You could write the following CSS rule:
#energybutton, #wizardbutton, #slidebutton {
display: inline !important;
}
And it would probably solve it, but that seems a little ugly and the !important is undoubtedly overkill. If you'd like to provide some more context I or someone else could provide a more elegant answer, but my hunch is this might work for you.
Edit:
Seeing your exit with more code the issue is obvious- in your expandable method you are changing the buttons to display: block -- this is why they are displaying with breaks between then. Instead, set the display property to inline or inline-block to achieve the desired effect.
Incidentally, it might be more robust to hide/show the buttons not directly by directly manipulating styles in JS, but instead by adding/removing a class with the desired associated CSS set.
Change the display of your buttons to 'inline' instead of 'none'.
First I would place all the buttons within a div so you can property CSS them.
<div class="title_of_div">
<button id="energybutton" onclick="energy()" style="display:none"><b>Submit</b></button>
<button id="wizardbutton" onclick="wizard()" style="display:none"><b>Wizard</b></button>
<button id="slidebutton" onclick="simple()" style="display: none"><b>Simple</b></button>
</div>
Then your CSS would look something like this:
.title_of_div a {
display: block;
float: left;
height: 50px; <!-- You enter your own height -->
width: 100px; <!-- You enter your own width -->
margin-right: 10px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 50px;
text-decoration: none;
}