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Modern CSS gives us the possibility to use CSS variables that we can reference in multiple other places.
To what extent do they differ from the variables within JavaScript?
Am I more performant when I set CSS attributes or values via JavaScript, or the opposite is the case? Is that a chicken and egg story, or is there a proven way to do that?
Yes, variables are generally used when you are developing something big and you don't want to repeat your reusable colors or any other properties. But if you're just starting then I don't think it necessary to use variables more. If you want you can but not necessary.
You may also find that in frameworks like bootstrap or material css variables are declared once and used in many places.
Usage of variables makes more sense when you are using any preprocessor like Sass or less or something else.
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Which one should I use, OOCSS or BEM, when you want to write clean CSS? Is there any reason that you may prefer to use one over the another?
At the end of the day you should know what your particular use case is and learn what works for you. Obviously if you're working for a company and they prefer one over the other you wanna go with that!
My team and I wrote out our own internal CSS namespace specifications which are based off of BEM. The reason we prefer BEM is largely because of how extremely self-documenting it can be. I can look at a class name and know everything about that class's element.
However, there's no right or wrong answer. As long as your code is self documented, clean, and easily maintainable. Use whatever standard you want.
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Is it bad practice to occasionally put some CSS directly into some HTML tags if I am sure that it won't be used again?
For instance:
<div style="padding-left: 0"></div>
Or do I have to systematically create new class even for little tweaks that will pollute my CSS file?
Yes it is fine. Stylesheets are used mostly to style multiple pages in the same manner and for easier editing. Putting css directly in html also overrides all other conflicting styles.
There is a Programmers Stack Exchange site that's a better fit for questions like this.
Here are two existing questions there that cover this particular topic:
https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/138538/is-it-a-bad-practice-to-use-inline-styling-with-generated-code
https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/125893/when-should-i-use-a-css-class-over-inline-styling
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I need to make a really complicated diagram for a website, in which the hierarchy will be a bit messy: arrows will go up and down, sometimes an element will point to several others, and sometimes there will be several elements pointing to the same one. I have found this method, but it doesn't allow more than one parent for an element and therefore won't do the trick in this case.
It has to be done in HTML/CSS, because my intention is to add some Javascript to change the content of the blocks dinamically.
This is an example of the level of complexity I need to achieve:
You might want to take a look at this
http://thecodeplayer.com/walkthrough/css3-family-tree
Another to look for is SpaceTree example by "Nicolas Garcia Belmonte" but not a pure CSS solution. It is compatible with IE and most of browsers. Definitely worth a try.
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I use CSS to stylize my pages. I use % style instead of using px values. However, since I need to add several elements of different sizes in different positions, I end up spending more time in designing the layout than the coding.
I tried using a WYSIWYG editor but it uses px style coding. Can someone help me with a solution so that I can design the layout quickly and proceed to real part? I use WordPad right now.
The best thing to do is practice more. Get better at coding them, and reuse parts from prior projects where it makes sense.
There is no WYSIWYG tool that will save you time, for most projects. They all write garbage code, because editing with such a tool is a bit ambiguous. It is up to you as a web developer to write your markup and styles in a way that will be interpreted correctly across many user agents.
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Is it a good practice to make a separate section of CSS rules applying only for typography? or should they be part of the HTML hierarchy flow?
The question is mostly from readability and maintainability point of view.
In my opinion, it's best practice to keep things modular. Put your CSS in its own file(s), and, if you have a lot of stylings (very common), I'd say you can have a typography.css to make the rules very clear. HTML is supposed to be meaningful (as the purpose of HTML5 is to go back to this idea), and this should extend past the use of tags to the placement of files and readability of your code.
Hope this helps.
There is of cource no correct answer to this question, but in my experience: both.
I feel that I gain a lot from a good css reset, and they do tend to handle some typography.
But aside from that I have yet to gain from a separate style-sheet for typography only.