2 Questions regarding this piece of code. Code works but there is something I don't understand in the code regarding the is_win function.
Question 1 - When the function is_win is defined, is it called in the if statement, which is within the def play function?
Question 2 - If it is, I don't understand why it takes the parameters user and computer to perform the calculation as opposed to player and opponent. Normally when you call a function the information is converted by the arguments that are defined in the function. But in this case, it seems to work the other way around. Can someone please explain why that is?
Thanks.
import random
def play():
user = input ("What's your choice? 'R' for rock, 'P' for paper, 'S' for scissors: ")
computer = random.choice(["r", "p", "s"])
print (f"Computer chose {computer}")
if user == computer:
return ("You tie")
if is_win(user,computer):
return ("You won")
return "You lost"
def is_win(player,opponent):
if (player == "r" and opponent == "s") or (player == "s" and opponent == "p") or (player == "p" and opponent == "r"):
return True
print (play())
When the function is_win(player, opponent) is defined and called, player and opponent can be any variables and not necessarily have the same name.
Think of it this way, the following code:
if is_win(user, computer):
return ("You won")
Is equivalent to:
if is_win(computer, user):
return ("You lost")
In the first case, the user is the player and the computer is the opponent, while in the second example the computer is the player and the user is the opponent.
If you're have more confusion about this you need to read more about variables, scopes and functions in python:
https://python-textbok.readthedocs.io/en/1.0/Variables_and_Scope.html
https://python-textbok.readthedocs.io/en/1.0/Functions.html#input-parameters
Related
i have used a service block for my machine. i want to implement my setup time in it. So the setup time and the processing time will be a common time.
I would like to write a function for my delay time in the service block. How can I write the function that it gives me the following output:
If the predecessor is agent A and then agent B comes then XX delay time.
If the predecessor is agent A and then agent C comes then XX delay time.... and so on.
You need to store the predecessor somewhere and use it accordingly:
create a variable v_Predecessor next to the Service block, type should be your agent type flowing through the blocks (say MyAgent)
create a function f_getDuration that takes 2 arguments of type MyAgent: first is currentAgent and 2nd is predecessor. Function returns a double.
Call this function in your service block delay code section using f_getDuration(agent, v_Predecessor)
In the on-exit code block of the service block, update v_Predecessor = agent;
The code in f_getDuration will look something like:
if (currentAgent.myType == "A" && predecessor.myType == "B") {
return 12.;
} else if (currentAgent.myType == "A" && predecessor.myType == "C") {
return 13.;
} else if ... // add your logic
So i've been trying to create a sentence-count function which will cycle through the following 'story':
let story = 'Last weekend, I took literally the most beautiful bike ride of my life. The route is called "The 9W to Nyack" and it actually stretches all the way from Riverside Park in Manhattan to South Nyack, New Jersey. It\'s really an adventure from beginning to end! It is a 48 mile loop and it basically took me an entire day. I stopped at Riverbank State Park to take some extremely artsy photos. It was a short stop, though, because I had a really long way left to go. After a quick photo op at the very popular Little Red Lighthouse, I began my trek across the George Washington Bridge into New Jersey. The GW is actually very long - 4,760 feet! I was already very tired by the time I got to the other side. An hour later, I reached Greenbrook Nature Sanctuary, an extremely beautiful park along the coast of the Hudson. Something that was very surprising to me was that near the end of the route you actually cross back into New York! At this point, you are very close to the end.';
And I realise the problem I'm having but I cannot find a way around this. Basically I want my code to return a the total sCount below but seeing as I've returned my sCount after my loop, it's only adding and returning the one count as a total:
const sentenceTotal = (word) => {
let sCount = 0;
if (word[word.length-1] === "." || word[word.length-1] === "!" || word[word.length-1] === "?") {
sCount += 1;
};
return sCount;
};
// console.log(sentenceTotal(story)) returns '1'.
I've tried multiple ways around this, such as returning sentenceTotal(word) instead of sCount but console.log will just log the function name.
I can make it return the correct sCount total if I remove the function element of it, but that's not what I want.
I don't see any loop or iterator which would go through story to count the number of occurrences of ., ?, or !.
Having recently tackled "counting sentences" myself I know it is a non-trivial problem with many edge cases.
For a simple use-case though you can use split and a regular expression;
story.split(/[?!.]/).length
So you could wrap that in your function like so:
const sentenceTotal = (word) => {
return word.split(/[?.!]/).length
};
let story = 'Last weekend, I took literally the most beautiful bike ride of my life. The route is called "The 9W to Nyack" and it actually stretches all the way from Riverside Park in Manhattan to South Nyack, New Jersey. It\'s really an adventure from beginning to end! It is a 48 mile loop and it basically took me an entire day. I stopped at Riverbank State Park to take some extremely artsy photos. It was a short stop, though, because I had a really long way left to go. After a quick photo op at the very popular Little Red Lighthouse, I began my trek across the George Washington Bridge into New Jersey. The GW is actually very long - 4,760 feet! I was already very tired by the time I got to the other side. An hour later, I reached Greenbrook Nature Sanctuary, an extremely beautiful park along the coast of the Hudson. Something that was very surprising to me was that near the end of the route you actually cross back into New York! At this point, you are very close to the end.';
sentenceTotal(story)
=> 13
There a several strange things about you question so I'll do it in 3 steps :
First step : The syntax.
What you wrote is the assignement to a const of an anonymous variable. So what it does is :
Create a const name 'sentenceCount'
To this const, assign the anonymous function (words) => {...}
Now you have this : sentenceCount(words){...}
And that's all. Because what you wrote : ()=>{} is not the calling of a function, but the declaration of an anonym function, you should read this : https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_function_definition.asp
If you want a global total, you must have a global total variable(not constant) so that the total isn't lost. So :
let sCount = 0; //<-- have sCount as a global variable not a const
function isEndOfSentence(word) {
if (word[word.length-1] === "." || word[word.length-1] === "!" || word[word.length-1] === "?") {
sCount += 1;
};
};
If you are forbidden from using a global variable (and it's best to not do so), then you have to register the total as a return of your function and store the total in the calling 'CountWords(sentence)' function.
function isEndOfSentence(words) {...}
callingFunction(){
//decalaration
let total;
//...inside your loop
total += isEndOfSentence(currentWord)
}
The algorithm
Can you provide more context as how you use you function ?
If your goal is to count the words until there is a delimiter to mark the end of a sentence, your function will not be of great usage .
As it is written, your function will only ever be able to return 0 or 1. As it does the following :
The function is called.
It create a var called sCount and set it to 0
It increment or not sCount
It return sCount so 1 or 0
It's basically a 'isEndOfSentence' function that would return a boolean. It's usage should be in an algorithm like :
// var totalSentence = 0
// for each word
// if(isEndOfSentence(word))
// totalSentence + totalSentence = 1
// endfor
Also this comes back to just counting the punctuation to count the number of sentence.
The quick and small solution
Also I tried specifically to keep the program in an algorithm explicit form since I guess that's what you're dealing with.
But I feel that you wanted to write something small and with as little characters as possible so for your information, there are faster way of doing this with a tool called regex and the native JS 'split(separator)' function of a string.
A regex is a description of a string that it can match to and when used can return those match. And it can be used in JS to split a string:
story.split(/[?!.]/) //<-- will return an array of the sentences of your story.
story.split(/[?!.]/).length //<-- will return the number of element of the array of the sentences of your story, so the sentence count
That does what you wanted but with one line of code. But If you want to be smart about you problem, remember that I said
Also this comes back to just counting the punctuation to count the number of sentence.
So we'll just do that right ?
story.match(/(\.\.\.)|[.?!]/g).length
Have fun here ;) : https://regexr.com/
I hope that helps you ! Good luck !
Here is my code, it is copyrighted cited here
Al Sweigart. Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python. August 28, 2015. https://inventwithpython.com/invent4thed/chapter5.html. Accessed December 4, 2020.
#import modules
import random
import time
#def functions
def intro():
guess = int(input("There are two caves, in one is magic treasure and in the other is a
terrible monster. Hit 1 or 2 to guess. "))
return guess
def check_cave(guess):
print("the cave is dank")
time.sleep(2)
print("you hear a sound")
time.sleep(2)
print("a monster jumps out and opens its jaws and...")
time.sleep(2)
friendly_cave = random.randint(1,2)
if str(guess) == str(friendly_cave):
print("leaves so you can take the treasure, congratulations!")
else:
print("kills you bahahaha")
print(guess)
#main body of code
play_again = 'no'
guess = int(input("please enter a guess of one or two "))
while play_again == 'yes' or 'y':
intro()
check_cave(guess)
play_again = input("want to play again? yes or no...")
if play_again == 'yes':
continue
else:
break
I expect the code to ask the user for input from the main body of the code, then ask for same input from inside a function later (the function returns the input), I expect the function's returned value to overwrite the original input. but it doesnt. Instead it keeps the original input from outside the function what can I do about this?
You must assign value returned from function intro() to a variable:
while play_again == 'yes' or 'y':
guess = intro() # modified this line
check_cave(guess)
play_again = input("want to play again? yes or no...")
if play_again == 'yes':
continue
else:
break
EDIT: After playing around a bit in main(), it seems like the program is choosing whichever function is being called in the if/elif block regardless of input. I have no idea why it started doing this after working fine
I've gone over and over my code, and I can't figure out what I'm not seeing.
It's a number sequence game, and it asks the user to choose a difficulty between easy and hard. It was working just fine at one point, but now no matter what is selected, it goes to easy mode each time. Even you hit enter without any input at all.
#main program function and difficulty selection
def main():
print('-----------------------------------------------')
print('Please choose a difficulty.')
difficulty = str(input('(e)asy|(h)ard: '))
print('-----------------------------------------------')
if difficulty == 'easy'or'e':
easy()
elif difficulty == 'hard'or'h':
hard()
Then I have a function for easy and one for hard.
Hard is just the easy function, with only a change to the size of the sequence generated and nothing else. I've gone over each block and nothing is changed that would affect which function is called.
It happens regardless of how many times the game is played, so it has to be something wrong with my main() function
The rest of the code is here if that helps, maybe I'm missing something obvious.
import random
def easy():
print ('Easy Mode','\n')
#Generates inital number, step value, and upper limit
num_sequence = 5
numbers = random.randint(1,101)
step = random.randint(1,20)
#Accumulates and prints all but last number in sequence
for num_generated in range (1, num_sequence):
print(numbers)
numbers = numbers + step
#Sets tries allowed and subtracts wrong attempts
guesses = 3
while guesses > 0:
user_num = int(input('Next Number: '))
guesses = guesses - 1
if user_num != numbers:
if guesses == 0:
break
else:
print('Try Again (Attempts Remaining:', guesses,')')
if user_num == numbers:
break
#Prints appropriate message based on game results
if user_num == numbers:
print ('Correct','\n')
if user_num != numbers:
print ('Attempts Exceeded: The answer was',numbers,'\n')
#block for hard difficulty (same as above, sequence size changed to 4)
def hard():
print ('Hard Mode','\n')
num_sequence = 4
#main program function and difficulty selection
def main():
print('-----------------------------------------------')
print('Please choose a difficulty.')
difficulty = str(input('(e)asy|(h)ard: '))
print('-----------------------------------------------')
if difficulty == 'easy'or'e':
easy()
elif difficulty == 'hard'or'h':
hard()
#block for replay selection
replay = 'y'
while replay == 'y':
main()
replay = input('Play again? (y)|(n): ',)
print ('\n')
if replay == 'n':
print('-----------------------------------------------')
print('Goodbye!')
print('-----------------------------------------------')
break
hard() is the same code as easy() line for line after those first few
When you are making a compound comparison (using the or) both sides of the condition must be complete. In other words,
if difficulty == 'easy'or difficulty == 'e':
easy()
elif difficulty == 'hard'or difficulty == 'h':
hard()
Otherwise you are saying "if difficulty == 'easy' >> which is false, then assign difficulty to 'e'" which was not the intent.
I've been looking around and I have not been able to find anything that has worked for me. I'm starting to learn more Lua and to start off I'm making a simple calculator. I was able to get each individual operation onto separate programs, but when I try to combine them I just can't get it to work. My script as it is now is
require "io"
require "operations.lua"
do
print ("Please enter the first number in your problem.")
x = io.read()
print ("Please enter the second number in your problem.")
y = io.read()
print ("Please choose the operation you wish to perform.")
print ("Use 1 for addition, 2 for subtraction, 3 for multiplication, and 4 for division.")
op = io.read()
op = 1 then
function addition
op = 2 then
function subtraction
op = 3 then
function multiplication
op = 4 then
function division
print (answer)
io.read()
end
and my operations.lua script is
function addition
return answer = x+y
end
function subtraction
return answer = x-y
end
function multiplication
return answer = x*y
end
function division
return answer = x/y
end
I've tried using
if op = 1 then
answer = x+y
print(answer)
if op = 2 then
answer = x-y
print(answer)
and I did that completing each operation. But it doesn't work. I can't even get the error code that it's returning because it closes so fast. What should I do?
In your example, make these changes: You require operations.lua without the extension. Include parameters in your operations function definitions. Return the operation expression directly versus returning a statement like answer = x+y.
All together:
Code for operations.lua
function addition(x,y)
return x + y
end
--more functions go here...
function division(x,y)
return x / y
end
Code for your hosting Lua script:
require "operations"
result = addition(5,7)
print(result)
result = division(9,3)
print(result)
Once you get that working, try re-adding your io logic.
Keep in mind that as it's coded, your functions will be defined globally. To avoid polluting the global table, consider defining operations.lua as a module. Take a look at the lua-users.org Modules Tutorial.
The right if-then-else syntax:
if op==1 then
answer = a+b
elseif op==2 then
answer = a*b
end
print(answer)
After: please check the correct function-declaration syntax.
After: return answer=x+y is incorrect. If you want set answer's value, set without return. If you want return the sum, please use return x+y.
And I think you should check Programming in Lua.
First of all, learn to use the command line so you can see the errors (on Windows that would be cmd.exe).
Second, change the second line to require("operations"). The way you did it the interpreter expects a directory operations with an underlying script lua.lua.