Error Code: 1822. Failed to add the foreign key constraint - mysql

Question

CREATE TABLE `branch` (
`BranchID` INT NOT NULL,
`BranchSuburb` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`BranchState` char(3) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`BranchID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `member` (
`MemberID` INT NOT NULL,
`MemberStatus` char(9) DEFAULT 'REGULAR',
`MemberName` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`MemberAddress` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`MemberSuburb` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
`MemberState` char(3) NOT NULL,
`MemberExpDate` DATE,
`MemberPhone` varchar(10),
PRIMARY KEY (`MemberID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `publisher` (
`PublisherID` INT NOT NULL,
`PublisherName` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`PublisherAddress` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`PublisherID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `book` (
`BookID` INT NOT NULL,
`BookTitle` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`PublisherID` INT NOT NULL,
`PublishedYear` INT4,
`Price` Numeric(5,2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`BookID`),
KEY `PublisherID` (`PublisherID`),
CONSTRAINT `publisher_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`PublisherID`) REFERENCES `publisher` (`PublisherID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `author` (
`AuthorID` INT NOT NULL,
`AuthorName` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`AuthorAddress` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`AuthorID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `authoredby` (
`BookID` INT NOT NULL,
`AuthorID` INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`BookID`,`AuthorID`),
KEY `bookID` (`BookID`),
KEY `AuthorID` (`AuthorID`),
CONSTRAINT `book_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`BookID`) REFERENCES `book` (`bookID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
CONSTRAINT `author_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`AuthorID`) REFERENCES `author` (`AuthorID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `holding` (
`BranchID` INT NOT NULL,
`BookID` INT NOT NULL,
`InStock` INT DEFAULT 1,
`OnLoan` INT DEFAULT 0,
PRIMARY KEY (`BranchID`,`BookID`),
KEY `bookID` (`BookID`),
KEY `BranchID` (`BranchID`),
CONSTRAINT `holding_cc_1` CHECK(`InStock`>=`OnLoan`),
CONSTRAINT `book_fk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`BookID`) REFERENCES `book` (`bookID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
CONSTRAINT `branch_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`BranchID`) REFERENCES `branch` (`BranchID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `borrowedby` (
`BookIssueID` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`BranchID` INT NOT NULL,
`BookID` INT NOT NULL,
`MemberID` INT NOT NULL,
`DateBorrowed` DATE,
`DateReturned` DATE DEFAULT NULL,
`ReturnDueDate` DATE,
PRIMARY KEY (`BookIssueID`),
KEY `bookID` (`BookID`),
KEY `BranchID` (`BranchID`),
KEY `MemberID` (`MemberID`),
CONSTRAINT `borrowedby_cc_1` CHECK(`DateBorrowed`<`ReturnDueDate`),
CONSTRAINT `holding_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`BookID`,`BranchID`) REFERENCES `holding` (`BookID`,`BranchID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
CONSTRAINT `member_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`MemberID`) REFERENCES `member` (`MemberID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Im getting the following error when i try to execute the last create query for the borrowedby table.
Error Code: 1822. Failed to add the foreign key constraint. Missing index for constraint 'holding_fk_1' in the referenced table 'holding'

Answer 1

have you tried to split the double foreign key? like this:
CONSTRAINT `holding_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`BookID`) REFERENCES `holding` (`BookID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
CONSTRAINT `holding_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`BranchID`) REFERENCES `holding` (`BranchID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT
what dms are you using? could be that you need to use another syntax to reference two foreign key at one or could be that it's not supported.

Answer 2

As said in the answer, just by changing order can fix it.
"Your code fails in Mysql 8.0.12 but runs fine in 8.0.22 As a workaround reverse the order of the columns: CONSTRAINT holding_fk_1 FOREIGN KEY (BranchID,BookID) REFERENCES holding (BranchID,BookID) ON DELETE RESTRICT, –
forpas
Oct 27 '20 at 15:50 "