Pygame unable to create a function which will make the snake eat the food and also close the game.I want to write a funtion which can make the snake eat the food and increase its length.I have made a funtion which has drawn the circle and the rectangle.
from random import randrange
import pygame
from pygame import Color, Surface, event, image, key
import random
import math
pygame.init()
icon = pygame.image.load(r"D:\\icon.png")
blue=(0,0,255)
red =(255,0,0)
yellow = (255,255,0)
screen_size = (720,600)
title = 'Snake Game'
vel = 0
vel_1 = 0
x = random.randrange(100,690)
y = randrange(50,550)
x_enemy = random.randrange(100,690)
y_enemy = randrange(50,550)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)
caption = pygame.display.set_caption(title)
def snake(surface,color,dim):
pygame.draw.rect(surface,color,dim)
def food(surface,color,center,radius):
pygame.draw.circle(surface,color,center,radius)
score = 0
running = True
while running:
dim = (x,y,30,30)
centre = (80,80)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
vel = -0.5
vel_1 = 0
if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
vel = 0.5
vel_1 = 0
if keys[pygame.K_UP]:
vel_1 = -0.5
vel = 0
if keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
vel_1 = 0.5
vel = 0
if keys[pygame.K_ESCAPE]:
running = False
if x >= 690 :
running = False
if x <= 0 :
running = False
if y >= 570:
running = False
if y <= 0 :
running = False
x += vel
y += vel_1
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
snake(screen,blue,dim)
food(screen,red,[x_enemy,y_enemy],7)
pygame.display.update()
Firstly, you should read about pygame.Rect.colliderect. It's about collision so you can use it for snake eating the food.
Arrays(x-axis array and y-axis array), can be used for snake length. (In Python can be used Lists instead of Arrays) In this arrays, every array's element contains one position of square and this position represents square's topleft(x,y). I already drew a sketch about it that might be more expressive.
(the meaning of "durum" is status)
Related
I've been searching for some good tutorial about making simple sprite animation from few images in Python using Pygame. I still haven't found what I'm looking for.
My question is simple: how to make an animated sprite from few images (for an example: making few images of explosion with dimensions 20x20px to be as one but animated)
Any good ideas?
There are two types of animation: frame-dependent and time-dependent. Both work in similar fashion.
Before the main loop
Load all images into a list.
Create three variable:
index, that keeps track on the current index of the image list.
current_time or current_frame that keeps track on the current time or current frame since last the index switched.
animation_time or animation_frames that define how many seconds or frames should pass before switching image.
During the main loop
Increment current_time by the amount of seconds that has passed since we last incremented it, or increment current_frame by 1.
Check if current_time >= animation_time or current_frame >= animation_frame. If true continue with 3-5.
Reset the current_time = 0 or current_frame = 0.
Increment the index, unless if it'll be equal or greater than the amount of images. In that case, reset index = 0.
Change the sprite's image accordingly.
A full working example
import os
import pygame
pygame.init()
SIZE = WIDTH, HEIGHT = 720, 480
BACKGROUND_COLOR = pygame.Color('black')
FPS = 60
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
def load_images(path):
"""
Loads all images in directory. The directory must only contain images.
Args:
path: The relative or absolute path to the directory to load images from.
Returns:
List of images.
"""
images = []
for file_name in os.listdir(path):
image = pygame.image.load(path + os.sep + file_name).convert()
images.append(image)
return images
class AnimatedSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, position, images):
"""
Animated sprite object.
Args:
position: x, y coordinate on the screen to place the AnimatedSprite.
images: Images to use in the animation.
"""
super(AnimatedSprite, self).__init__()
size = (32, 32) # This should match the size of the images.
self.rect = pygame.Rect(position, size)
self.images = images
self.images_right = images
self.images_left = [pygame.transform.flip(image, True, False) for image in images] # Flipping every image.
self.index = 0
self.image = images[self.index] # 'image' is the current image of the animation.
self.velocity = pygame.math.Vector2(0, 0)
self.animation_time = 0.1
self.current_time = 0
self.animation_frames = 6
self.current_frame = 0
def update_time_dependent(self, dt):
"""
Updates the image of Sprite approximately every 0.1 second.
Args:
dt: Time elapsed between each frame.
"""
if self.velocity.x > 0: # Use the right images if sprite is moving right.
self.images = self.images_right
elif self.velocity.x < 0:
self.images = self.images_left
self.current_time += dt
if self.current_time >= self.animation_time:
self.current_time = 0
self.index = (self.index + 1) % len(self.images)
self.image = self.images[self.index]
self.rect.move_ip(*self.velocity)
def update_frame_dependent(self):
"""
Updates the image of Sprite every 6 frame (approximately every 0.1 second if frame rate is 60).
"""
if self.velocity.x > 0: # Use the right images if sprite is moving right.
self.images = self.images_right
elif self.velocity.x < 0:
self.images = self.images_left
self.current_frame += 1
if self.current_frame >= self.animation_frames:
self.current_frame = 0
self.index = (self.index + 1) % len(self.images)
self.image = self.images[self.index]
self.rect.move_ip(*self.velocity)
def update(self, dt):
"""This is the method that's being called when 'all_sprites.update(dt)' is called."""
# Switch between the two update methods by commenting/uncommenting.
self.update_time_dependent(dt)
# self.update_frame_dependent()
def main():
images = load_images(path='temp') # Make sure to provide the relative or full path to the images directory.
player = AnimatedSprite(position=(100, 100), images=images)
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group(player) # Creates a sprite group and adds 'player' to it.
running = True
while running:
dt = clock.tick(FPS) / 1000 # Amount of seconds between each loop.
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
player.velocity.x = 4
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
player.velocity.x = -4
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
player.velocity.y = 4
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
player.velocity.y = -4
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
player.velocity.x = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == pygame.K_UP:
player.velocity.y = 0
all_sprites.update(dt) # Calls the 'update' method on all sprites in the list (currently just the player).
screen.fill(BACKGROUND_COLOR)
all_sprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.update()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
When to chose which
Time-dependent animation allows you to play the animation at the same speed, no matter how slow/fast the frame-rate is or slow/fast your computer is. This allows your program to freely change the framerate without affecting the animation and it'll also be consistent even if the computer cannot keep up with the framerate. If the program lags the animation will catch up to the state it should've been as if no lag had happened.
Although, it might happen that the animation cycle don't synch up with the framerate, making the animation cycle seem irregular. For example, say that we have the frames updating every 0.05 second and the animation switch image every 0.075 second, then the cycle would be:
Frame 1; 0.00 seconds; image 1
Frame 2; 0.05 seconds; image 1
Frame 3; 0.10 seconds; image 2
Frame 4; 0.15 seconds; image 1
Frame 5; 0.20 seconds; image 1
Frame 6; 0.25 seconds; image 2
And so on...
Frame-dependent can look smoother if your computer can handle the framerate consistently. If lag happens it'll pause in its current state and restart when the lag stops, which makes the lag more noticeable. This alternative is slightly easier to implement since you just need to increment current_frame with 1 on each call, instead of dealing with the delta time (dt) and passing it to every object.
Sprites
Result
You could try modifying your sprite so that it swaps out its image for a different one inside update. That way, when the sprite is rendered, it'll look animated.
Edit:
Here's a quick example I drew up:
import pygame
import sys
def load_image(name):
image = pygame.image.load(name)
return image
class TestSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
super(TestSprite, self).__init__()
self.images = []
self.images.append(load_image('image1.png'))
self.images.append(load_image('image2.png'))
# assuming both images are 64x64 pixels
self.index = 0
self.image = self.images[self.index]
self.rect = pygame.Rect(5, 5, 64, 64)
def update(self):
'''This method iterates through the elements inside self.images and
displays the next one each tick. For a slower animation, you may want to
consider using a timer of some sort so it updates slower.'''
self.index += 1
if self.index >= len(self.images):
self.index = 0
self.image = self.images[self.index]
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((250, 250))
my_sprite = TestSprite()
my_group = pygame.sprite.Group(my_sprite)
while True:
event = pygame.event.poll()
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit(0)
# Calling the 'my_group.update' function calls the 'update' function of all
# its member sprites. Calling the 'my_group.draw' function uses the 'image'
# and 'rect' attributes of its member sprites to draw the sprite.
my_group.update()
my_group.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
It assumes that you have two images called image1.png and image2.png inside the same folder the code is in.
You should have all your sprite animations on one big "canvas", so for 3 20x20 explosion sprite frames you will have 60x20 image. Now you can get right frames by loading an area of the image.
Inside your sprite class, most likely in update method you should have something like this (hardcoded for simplicity, I prefer to have separate class to be responsible for picking the right animation frame). self.f = 0 on __init__.
def update(self):
images = [[0, 0], [20, 0], [40, 0]]
self.f += 1 if self.f < len(images) else 0
self.image = your_function_to_get_image_by_coordinates(images[i])
For an animated Sprite a list of images (pygame.Surface objects) must be generated. A different picture of the list is displayed in each frame, just like in the pictures of a movie. This gives the appearance of an animated object.
One way to get a list of images is to load an animated GIF (Graphics Interchange Format). Unfortunately, PyGame doesn't offer a function to load the frames of an animated GIF. However, there are several Stack Overflow answers that address this issue:
How can I load an animated GIF and get all of the individual frames in PyGame?
How do I make a sprite as a gif in pygame?
Pygame and Numpy Animations
One way is to use the popular Pillow library (pip install Pillow). The following function loads the frames of an animated GIF and generates a list of pygame.Surface objects:
from PIL import Image, ImageSequence
def loadGIF(filename):
pilImage = Image.open(filename)
frames = []
for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(pilImage):
frame = frame.convert('RGBA')
pygameImage = pygame.image.fromstring(
frame.tobytes(), frame.size, frame.mode).convert_alpha()
frames.append(pygameImage)
return frames
Create a pygame.sprite.Sprite class that maintains a list of images. Implement an update method that selects a different image in each frame.
Pass the list of images to the class constructor. Add an index attribute that indicates the index of the current image in the list. Increase the index in the Update method. Reset the index if it is greater than or equal to the length of the image list (or use the modulo (%) operator). Get the current image from the list by subscription:
class AnimatedSpriteObject(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, bottom, images):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.images = images
self.image = self.images[0]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(midbottom = (x, bottom))
self.image_index = 0
def update(self):
self.image_index += 1
if self.image_index >= len(self.images):
self.image_index = 0
self.image = self.images[self.image_index]
See also Load animated GIF and Sprite
Example GIF (from Animated Gifs, Animated Image):
Minimal example: repl.it/#Rabbid76/PyGame-SpriteAnimation
import pygame
from PIL import Image, ImageSequence
def loadGIF(filename):
pilImage = Image.open(filename)
frames = []
for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(pilImage):
frame = frame.convert('RGBA')
pygameImage = pygame.image.fromstring(
frame.tobytes(), frame.size, frame.mode).convert_alpha()
frames.append(pygameImage)
return frames
class AnimatedSpriteObject(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, bottom, images):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.images = images
self.image = self.images[0]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(midbottom = (x, bottom))
self.image_index = 0
def update(self):
self.image_index += 1
self.image = self.images[self.image_index % len(self.images)]
self.rect.x -= 5
if self.rect.right < 0:
self.rect.left = pygame.display.get_surface().get_width()
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 200))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
ground = window.get_height() * 3 // 4
gifFrameList = loadGIF('stone_age.gif')
animated_sprite = AnimatedSpriteObject(window.get_width() // 2, ground, gifFrameList)
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group(animated_sprite)
run = True
while run:
clock.tick(20)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
all_sprites.update()
window.fill((127, 192, 255), (0, 0, window.get_width(), ground))
window.fill((255, 127, 64), (0, ground, window.get_width(), window.get_height() - ground))
all_sprites.draw(window)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
exit()
I'm new to pygame, and I'm trying to practice skill with 'Plants and Zombies', but here comes a problem when I run the code: the next bullet does not move to the edge of the screen, it ends at a point at which the previous bullet collide with a zombie. I can NOT find out where is the problem, hope someone can help me out. Just run main.py, click on a top menu(weapon), right click on any point of a grass, u'll know the problem.
project directory:
helper.py:
import os
from PIL import Image
import pygame
current_dir = os.getcwd()
def get_path(image_name):
return os.path.join(current_dir, "resource", image_name)
def get_image_size(image_name):
with Image.open(get_path(image_name)) as im:
return im.size
def load_image_source(image_name, with_bullet=False):
if with_bullet:
bullet_name = "bullet_"+image_name.replace("shooter_", "")
return pygame.image.load(get_path(image_name)), pygame.image.load(get_path(bullet_name))
else:
return pygame.image.load(get_path(image_name))
def load_all_shooters():
weapon = {"selected": [], "unselected": []}
shooter_dir = os.path.join(current_dir, "resource")
for shooter in os.listdir(shooter_dir):
if "shooter" in shooter:
if "selected" in shooter:
weapon["selected"].append(shooter)
else:
weapon["unselected"].append(shooter)
weapon["selected"] = sorted(weapon["selected"])
weapon["unselected"] = sorted(weapon["unselected"])
return weapon
def get_nearest_position(source_list, target_number):
return min(source_list, key=lambda x: abs(x - target_number))
config.py:
LINES = 5
ZOMBIE_SPEED_X = 1
ZOMBIE_REFRESH_TIME = 3000
BULLET_REFRESH_TIME = 1000
BULLET_SPEED = 3
SHOOTER_SIZE = (50, 50)
main.py:
import pygame
import sys
import random
from ZombiesVSPlants.common.helper import get_nearest_position, load_image_source, load_all_shooters, get_image_size, get_path, get_path
from ZombiesVSPlants.config.config import BULLET_SPEED, BULLET_REFRESH_TIME, ZOMBIE_REFRESH_TIME, SHOOTER_SIZE, ZOMBIE_SPEED_X, LINES
pygame.init()
# top weapon menu
menu_height = 60
# get background grass and other resource path and size...
background_grass_path = get_path("background_grass.png")
zombie_path = get_path("enemy_zombie.png", )
single_line_height = get_image_size("background_grass.png")[1]
zombie_size = get_image_size("enemy_zombie.png")
# screen size
screen_height = LINES*single_line_height+menu_height
screen_width = 800
# background colour, zombie speed
background_color = 255, 255, 255
ZOMBIE_SPEED = [-ZOMBIE_SPEED_X, 0]
# others
LINES_LIST = [i for i in range(1, LINES+1)]
zombie_start_x = screen_width-zombie_size[0]
zombie_start_y = (single_line_height-zombie_size[1])/2
shooter_centered_position__list_y = [line*single_line_height+zombie_start_y+menu_height for line in range(5)]
# resource boom
boom = load_image_source("boom.png")
# dragging and other global variables
dragging = False
mouse_follow = None
mouse_follow_rect = None
added_shooters = []
shooter_bullets = []
bullets_rect = []
collide_zombies = []
collide_bullets = []
# screen size
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))
# load top weapon surface
res = load_all_shooters()
menu_start_position = 5, 5
menu_shooters = [load_image_source(unselected_shooter, with_bullet=True) for unselected_shooter in res["unselected"]]
menu_shooters_selected = [load_image_source(selected_shooter) for selected_shooter in res["selected"]]
menu_shooters_rect = [pygame.Rect(menu_start_position[0]+55*i, menu_start_position[1], SHOOTER_SIZE[0], SHOOTER_SIZE[1]) for i in range(len(menu_shooters))]
# background grass surface
grass = load_image_source(background_grass_path)
grass_rect = [pygame.Rect(0, i * single_line_height+menu_height, screen_width, single_line_height) for i in range(LINES)]
# the very first zombie surface
zombie = load_image_source(zombie_path)
zombies_rect = [pygame.Rect(zombie_start_x, zombie_start_y+menu_height, zombie_size[0], zombie_size[1])]
# ZOMBIE_REFRESH_TIME
NEW_ZOMBIE_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT+1
pygame.time.set_timer(NEW_ZOMBIE_EVENT, ZOMBIE_REFRESH_TIME)
# BULLET_REFRESH_TIME
NEW_BULLET_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT+2
pygame.time.set_timer(NEW_BULLET_EVENT, BULLET_REFRESH_TIME)
while 1:
screen.fill(background_color)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
# left click on a top menu(weapon), dragging is enabled
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
for i in range(len(menu_shooters)):
if menu_shooters_rect[i].collidepoint(event.pos):
dragging = not dragging
mouse_follow = menu_shooters[i]
# right click when dragging, new weapon will be set on a point
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 3:
x = event.pos[0]
if event.pos[1] > menu_height and dragging:
dragging = not dragging
y = get_nearest_position(shooter_centered_position__list_y, event.pos[1])
added_shooters.append([mouse_follow[0], x, y])
shooter_bullets.append([x, y, mouse_follow[1]])
# spawn new bullet
if event.type == NEW_BULLET_EVENT:
for j in range(len(shooter_bullets)):
bullets_rect.append([shooter_bullets[j][2], pygame.Rect(shooter_bullets[j][0], shooter_bullets[j][1], 15, 15)])
# spawn new zombie
if event.type == NEW_ZOMBIE_EVENT:
# random in roads that new zombies will appear
new_zombies_count = random.randint(1, LINES)
new_zombies_lines = random.sample(LINES_LIST, new_zombies_count)
# add to zombies list
for line in new_zombies_lines:
new_zombie_rect = pygame.Rect(zombie_start_x, line * single_line_height + zombie_start_y + menu_height, zombie_size[0], zombie_size[1])
zombies_rect.append(new_zombie_rect)
# blit top weapons menu
for i in range(len(menu_shooters)):
menu_rect = menu_shooters_rect[i]
screen.blit(menu_shooters[i][0], menu_rect)
# blit selected weapon if mouse hover on a weapon menu
for i in range(len(menu_shooters)):
if menu_shooters_rect[i].collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
screen.blit(menu_shooters_selected[i], menu_shooters_rect[i])
# blit background grass
for r in grass_rect:
screen.blit(grass, r)
# blit all the weapons on the grass
for new in added_shooters:
shooter_rect = pygame.Rect(new[1], new[2], 50, 50)
screen.blit(new[0], shooter_rect)
# blit bullets
for j in range(len(bullets_rect)):
bullets_rect[j][1].x += 1
screen.blit(bullets_rect[j][0], bullets_rect[j][1])
# blit zombies
for i in range(len(zombies_rect)):
zombies_rect[i].x -= ZOMBIE_SPEED_X
screen.blit(zombie, zombies_rect[i])
# blit weapon follows mouse move position
if dragging and mouse_follow[0]:
pos_follow_mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
mouse_follow_rect = pygame.Rect(pos_follow_mouse[0], pos_follow_mouse[1], 50, 50)
screen.blit(mouse_follow[0], mouse_follow_rect)
# collide between zombie and bullet
for i in range(len(bullets_rect)):
for j in range(len(zombies_rect)):
if bullets_rect[i][1].colliderect(zombies_rect[j]):
print("collide!")
screen.blit(boom, zombies_rect[j])
collide_bullets.append(bullets_rect[i])
collide_zombies.append(zombies_rect[j])
bullets_rect = [i for i in bullets_rect if i not in collide_bullets]
zombies_rect = [j for j in zombies_rect if j not in collide_zombies]
pygame.display.flip()
I now got a compromise like solution, when need to remove surface in a collide between 2 rects in 2 lists, just draw the 2 lists in 2 separate for loop and remove the collided rect in another for loop, the demo code would be:
# draw bullets
for b in bullets_rect:
b_r = b[1]
b_r.x += BULLET_SPEED
screen.blit(b[0], b_r)
# draw zombies
for z in zombies_rect:
z.x += -ZOMBIE_SPEED_X
screen.blit(zombie, z)
# when collide, use list.remove to remove collided rect
for i, j in itertools.product(bullets_rect, zombies_rect):
b_r = i[1]
z_r = j
if z_r.contains(b_r):
# when collide, remove the collided rect
screen.blit(boom, z_r)
bullets_rect.remove(i)
zombies_rect.remove(j)
FYI.
This question already has answers here:
How to turn the sprite in pygame while moving with the keys
(1 answer)
Image rotation while moving
(2 answers)
Closed 2 years ago.
Im trying to move a sprite in the direction of an angle in pygame, using the left & right arrow keys to change the direction of the sprite but when I press the up key, the sprite just moves right. I have 2 variables that take speed and a velocity calculation and adds them together (vel_x & vel_y), I then add this to the position (orientation) of the sprite but it isnt following the sprite orientation when it moves forward (if keybd_tupl[K_UP]).
import pygame
import random
import math
from pygame.locals import *
window_wid = 800
window_hgt = 600
frame_rate = 50
delta_time = 1 / frame_rate
STATE_READY = 2
def game_loop_inputs():
# look in the event queue for the quit event
quit_ocrd = False
for evnt in pygame.event.get():
if evnt.type == QUIT:
quit_ocrd = True
return quit_ocrd
def game_loop_update(circle_hitbox):
# start by assuming that no collisions have occurred
circle_hitbox["col"] = False
# return the new state of the rotating line and the circle hitbox
return circle_hitbox
def game_loop_render(circle_hitbox, window_sfc):
# clear the window surface (by filling it with black)
window_sfc.fill( (0,0,0) )
# draw the circle hitbox, in red if there has been a collision or in white otherwise
if circle_hitbox["col"]:
#pygame.draw.circle(window_sfc, (255, 0, 0), circle_hitbox["pos"], circle_hitbox["rad"])
rotated_damage = pygame.transform.rotate(circle_hitbox["damage"], circle_hitbox["angle"])
window_sfc.blit(rotated_damage, circle_hitbox["pos"])
else:
#pygame.draw.circle(window_sfc, (255, 255, 255), circle_hitbox["pos"], circle_hitbox["rad"])
rotated_image = pygame.transform.rotate(circle_hitbox["sprite"], circle_hitbox["angle"])
window_sfc.blit(rotated_image, circle_hitbox["pos"])
# update the display
pygame.display.update()
def main():
# initialize pygame
pygame.init()
# create the window and set the caption of the window
window_sfc = pygame.display.set_mode( (window_wid, window_hgt) )
pygame.display.set_caption('"Toy" for the MDA Exercise')
# create a clock
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# this is the initial game state
game_state = STATE_READY
#####################################################################################################
# these are the initial game objects that are required (in some form) for the core mechanic provided
#####################################################################################################
# this game object is a circulr
circle_hitbox = {}
circle_hitbox["pos"] = (window_wid // 2, window_hgt // 2)
circle_hitbox["rad"] = 30
circle_hitbox["col"] = False
circle_hitbox["sprite"] = pygame.image.load("cars_racer_{}.png".format(random.randint(1, 3)))
circle_hitbox["damage"] = pygame.image.load("cars_racer_red.png")
circle_hitbox["crash"] = pygame.image.load("explosion.png")
circle_hitbox["damaged"] = False
circle_hitbox["angle"] = 0
speed = 10.0
vel_x = speed * math.cos(circle_hitbox["angle"] * (math.pi / 180))
vel_y = speed * math.sin(circle_hitbox["angle"] * (math.pi / 180))
# the game loop is a postcondition loop controlled using a Boolean flag
closed_flag = False
while not closed_flag:
#####################################################################################################
# this is the "inputs" phase of the game loop, where player input is retrieved and stored
#####################################################################################################
closed_flag = game_loop_inputs()
keybd_tupl = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keybd_tupl[K_UP]:
circle_hitbox["pos"] = (circle_hitbox["pos"][0] + vel_x, circle_hitbox["pos"][1] + vel_y)
print(vel_y)
if keybd_tupl[K_LEFT]:
circle_hitbox["angle"] = (circle_hitbox["angle"] + 10.0)
if keybd_tupl[K_RIGHT]:
circle_hitbox["angle"] = (circle_hitbox["angle"] - 10.0)
#####################################################################################################
# this is the "update" phase of the game loop, where the changes to the game world are handled
#####################################################################################################
circle_hitbox = game_loop_update(circle_hitbox)
#####################################################################################################
# this is the "render" phase of the game loop, where a representation of the game world is displayed
#####################################################################################################
game_loop_render(circle_hitbox, window_sfc)
# enforce the minimum frame rate
clock.tick(frame_rate)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
It just isnt working & I dont know why.
You have to calculate the vel_x and vel_y in the while loop.
while not closed_flag:
closed_flag = game_loop_inputs()
keybd_tupl = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keybd_tupl[K_UP]:
circle_hitbox["pos"] = (circle_hitbox["pos"][0] + vel_x, circle_hitbox["pos"][1] + vel_y)
print(vel_y)
if keybd_tupl[K_LEFT]:
circle_hitbox["angle"] -= 1.0
if keybd_tupl[K_RIGHT]:
circle_hitbox["angle"] += 1.0
# `math.radians` can be used instead of `* (math.pi / 180)`
vel_x = speed * math.cos(math.radians(circle_hitbox["angle"]))
vel_y = speed * math.sin(math.radians(circle_hitbox["angle"]))
Also, pass the negative angle to pygame.transform.rotate in the game_loop_render function:
rotated_damage = pygame.transform.rotate(circle_hitbox["damage"], -circle_hitbox["angle"])
The rotation probably still doesn't look right (I'm using some replacement images and they don't rotate correctly). Take a look at this answer if you want to know how to rotate pygame sprites and images around their center in pygame.
This question already has answers here:
How do I detect collision in pygame?
(5 answers)
How to detect collisions between two rectangular objects or images in pygame
(1 answer)
Closed 2 years ago.
This is my first time using pygame and I apologize for possible misunderstandings and 'silly' questions. I am developing a breaking game, consisting of a ball ,a paddle and a wall of bricks. So far I ve the ball, and that s fine. I am trying to implement my code in order to get the wall, but I am missing something and it doesn t show up on the screen when I run it. Could anyone help me? The bricks are 50x60, 3 rows. Thank you in advance. (If anyone would also recommend something about creating the paddle and making the ball stick to it, that would be highly appreciated.)
Here is my code so far:
""""BREAKING GAME"""
#Import and initialize pygame
import pygame as pg
pg.init()
#Set the colour of the background and store the ball data
backgroundcolour = (50,50,50)
randomcolour=(205,55,0)
ballimg = pg.image.load("ball.gif")
ballimage = ballimg.get_rect()
#Set the frame
xmax = 800
ymax = 800
screen = pg.display.set_mode((xmax,ymax))
#Starting values
horizontalposition = 400. #pixels (unit f length of computer)
verticalposition = 400. #pixels
v_x = 400. #pixels
v_y = 300. #pixels
#Set the clock of the computer
t0 = float(pg.time.get_ticks())/1000.
# Create wall of bricks
position_Bricks_x=[0,50,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,500,550,600,650,700,750]
position_Bricks_y = [16,32,48]
i = 0
j = 0
#Infinite loop
running = True
while running:
t = float(pg.time.get_ticks())/1000.
dt = min(t-t0, 0.1)
t0 = t
# Motion of the ball
horizontalposition = horizontalposition+v_x*dt
verticalposition = verticalposition+v_y*dt
#Bounce the ball on the edges of the screen
if horizontalposition > xmax:
v_x=-abs(v_x)
elif horizontalposition < 0:
v_x= abs(v_x)
if verticalposition > ymax:
v_y = -abs(v_y)
elif verticalposition<0:
v_y = abs(v_y)
# Draw the frame
screen.fill(backgroundcolour)
ballimage.centerx = int(horizontalposition)
ballimage.centery = int(verticalposition)
screen.blit(ballimg,ballimage)
while i < len(position_Bricks_x):
if j < len(position_Bricks_y):
pg.draw.rect(screen,randomcolour,[position_Bricks_x[i],position_Bricks_y[j],50,16])
j = j + 1
else:
j=0
i=i+1
pg.display.update()
pg.display.flip()
# Event handling
pg.event.pump()
for event in pg.event.get():
if event.type == pg.QUIT:
running = False
Quit pygame
pg.quit()
print "Ready"
I'm trying to write this tutorial in Pygame(Python) and having problems about holding points between planes.
My code is: fiz2.py
Vector class: vector.py
If you move mouse on the Pygame screen, the planes will rotate. And when the planes are rotating, points are passing through planes and going outside.
I tried to fix points' positions on every iteration but they still passed the planes. I have no idea about where should I fix their positions.
NOTE: I know my code is a little bit messy, this is my first 2d program and I had really hard times getting used to Pygame's coordinate plane and vectors. I will re-write when I solve this.
NOTE2: Yes, I wrote the comment about how to hold points between planes on the tutorial, I understand the way he fixes positions but have no idea about how(and where, in code) to implement it.
Thanks.
I can't tell looking at the code. My guess is a variable-timestep, causing instability. But I can't verify if the math is right. Although, I have useful information :
Vectors
You can simplify code, by using vectors as a class vs list/tuple. (velocity, acceleration, location) are treated as one object, verses separate .x and .y values.
# example:
pos[0] += vel[0]
pos[1] += vel[1]
# vs
pos += vel
There is a python-only implementation: euclid.py You can use to compare with your vector.py.
Or use NumPy [ used for 3d graphics, in openGL. ] Is a popular, mature lib.
physics
(It looks like you want to learn by writing your own physics), but check out PyMunk
colors
You can use: pygame.Color
import pygame
from pygame import Color
color = Color('white')
color2 = Color('lightgray')
color3 = Color(0,128,128)
collisions
Look at pygame.sprite.*collide , and pygame.Rect.*collide
pygame Game loop with numpy vector's
Boilerplate I wrote
""" Pygame boilerplate. <ninmonkey>2011/04
pygame main Game() loop, and numpy for vector math.
note:
this might not be the most effecient way to use numpy as vectors, but it's an intro.
And this does not force fixed-timesteps. If you want a stable simulation, you need to use a fixed timestep.
see: http://gafferongames.com/game-physics/fix-your-timestep/
Keys:
ESC : exit
Space : game_init()
"""
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from pygame import Color, Rect
import numpy as np
def get_screen_size():
"""return screen (width, height) tuple"""
screen = pygame.display.get_surface()
return screen.get_size()
class Actor():
"""basic actor, moves randomly.
members:
loc = position vector
velocity = velocity vector
width, height
"""
def __init__(self, loc=None, velocity=None):
"""optional initial loc and velocity vectors"""
self.width = 50
self.height = 50
# if loc or velocity are not set: use random
if loc is None: self.rand_loc()
else: self.loc = loc
if velocity is None: self.rand_velocity()
else: self.velocity = velocity
def update(self):
"""update movement"""
self.loc += self.velocity
def rand_velocity(self):
"""set a random vector , based on random direction. Using unit circle:
x = cos(deg) * speed
"""
rad = np.radians( np.random.randint(0,360) )
speed = np.random.randint(1,15)
x = np.cos(rad)
y = np.sin(rad)
velocity = np.array( [x,y])
velocity *= speed
self.velocity = velocity
def rand_loc(self):
"""random location onscreen"""
width,height = get_screen_size()
x = np.random.randint(0,width)
y = np.random.randint(0,height)
self.loc = np.array([x,y])
def is_onscreen(self):
"""test is screen.colliderect(actor) true?"""
x,y = self.loc
w,h = get_screen_size()
screen = Rect(0, 0, w, h)
actor = Rect(x, y, self.width, self.height)
if screen.colliderect(actor): return True
else: return False
class GameMain():
"""game Main entry point. handles intialization of game and graphics."""
done = False
debug = False
color_gray = Color('lightgray')
def __init__(self, width=800, height=600, color_bg=None):
"""Initialize PyGame"""
pygame.init()
self.width, self.height = width, height
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(( self.width, self.height ))
pygame.display.set_caption( "boilerplate : pygame" )
self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
self.limit_fps = True
self.limit_fps_max = 60
if color_bg is None: color_bg = Color(50,50,50)
self.color_bg = color_bg
self.game_init()
def game_init(self):
"""new game/round"""
self.actors = [Actor() for x in range(10)]
def loop(self):
"""Game() main loop"""
while not self.done:
self.handle_events()
self.update()
self.draw()
if self.limit_fps: self.clock.tick( self.limit_fps_max )
else: self.clock.tick()
def update(self):
"""update actors, handle physics"""
for a in self.actors:
a.update()
if not a.is_onscreen():
a.rand_loc()
def handle_events(self):
"""handle regular events. """
events = pygame.event.get()
# kmods = pygame.key.get_mods() # key modifiers
for event in events:
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if (event.key == K_ESCAPE): self.done = True
elif (event.key == K_SPACE): self.game_init()
def draw(self):
"""render screen"""
# clear screen
self.screen.fill( self.color_bg )
# Actor: draw
for a in self.actors:
x,y = a.loc
w,h = a.width, a.height
r = Rect(x, y, w, h)
self.screen.fill(self.color_gray, r)
# will call update on whole screen Or flip buffer.
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
g = GameMain()
g.loop()