HTML header won't center - html

I'm making a single page scrollable website and want to have the first page to be just a navbar, image, and a header. Now the problem is that I was unable to center the header. Well, at least I got it to center horizontally. But I'm unable to center it vertically. I hope somebody can spot the issue because I've been puzzling this annoying issue for hours.
This: https://startbootstrap.com/previews/grayscale/ is the idea I'm going for, to make it clear.
Here is the code
/*body {
background: linear-gradient(rgba(#F9774C, .75), rgba(#802A0C, .85));
background-image: url("Background_photo_2.jpg");
background-size: cover;
box-shadow: 4056 3000px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) inset;
/* Center and scale the image nicely
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
height: 50%;
}*/
nav {
font-size: medium;
}
.nav-item a{
color: white !important
}
body, html {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
}
/*styles background image*/
.bg-img {
/*background-image: url("Background_photo_2.jpg");*/
height: 100%;
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
box-shadow: 4000px 3000px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) inset;
}
/* use this to change the general fonts */
p, h1 {
color: white;
}
/* arranges navbar items to right */
ul {
margin-left: auto;
}
.bg-img.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
#content {
width: 100%;
height: 85%;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
/*.container-fluid {
width: 70%;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Home - Both Sides Now </title>
<!-- BOOTSTRAP CDN IMPLEMENTATION-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- Links to the stylesheet-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="bg-img">
<!--This is the navbar-->
<div class="container col-md-10">
<nav class="navbar transparant navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html"><img src="logotransparant.gif" class="d-inline-block align-top" width="60" height="60"></a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav">
<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Features</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Pricing</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<header class="masthead d-flex h-100 justify-content-center">
<div class="container ">
<div class="mx-auto text-center">
<h1 class="mx-auto my-0 text-uppercase">Grayscale</h1>
<h2 class="text-white-50 mx-auto mt-2 mb-5">A free, responsive, one page Bootstrap theme created by Start Bootstrap.</h2>
Get Started
</div>
</div>
</header>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-UO2eT0CpHqdSJQ6hJty5KVphtPhzWj9WO1clHTMGa3JDZwrnQq4sF86dIHNDz0W1" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JjSmVgyd0p3pXB1rRibZUAYoIIy6OrQ6VrjIEaFf/nJGzIxFDsf4x0xIM+B07jRM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</div>
</html>

nav {
font-size: medium;
}
.nav-item a {
color: white !important
}
body,
html {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
}
/*styles background image*/
.bg-img {
/*background-image: url("Background_photo_2.jpg");*/
height: 100%;
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
box-shadow: 4000px 3000px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) inset;
}
/* use this to change the general fonts */
p,
h1 {
color: white;
}
/* arranges navbar items to right */
ul {
margin-left: auto;
}
.bg-img.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
#content {
width: 100%;
height: 85%;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
/*.container-fluid {
width: 70%;
} */
.mx-auto {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
-webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
-moz-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Home - Both Sides Now </title>
<!-- BOOTSTRAP CDN IMPLEMENTATION-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- Links to the stylesheet-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="bg-img">
<!--This is the navbar-->
<div class="container col-md-10">
<nav class="navbar transparant navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html"><img src="logotransparant.gif" class="d-inline-block align-top" width="60" height="60"></a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav">
<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Features</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Pricing</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<header class="masthead d-flex h-100 justify-content-center">
<div class="container">
<div class="mx-auto text-center">
<h1 class="my-0 text-uppercase">Grayscale</h1>
<h2 class="text-white-50 mt-2 mb-5">A free, responsive, one page Bootstrap theme created by Start Bootstrap.</h2>
Get Started
</div>
</div>
</header>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-UO2eT0CpHqdSJQ6hJty5KVphtPhzWj9WO1clHTMGa3JDZwrnQq4sF86dIHNDz0W1" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JjSmVgyd0p3pXB1rRibZUAYoIIy6OrQ6VrjIEaFf/nJGzIxFDsf4x0xIM+B07jRM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</div>
</html>

No need to use styles. Bootstrap does it for you :
<header class="row align-items-center masthead d-flex h-100 justify-content-center">
<div class="container ">
<div class="mx-auto text-center">
<h1 class="mx-auto my-0 text-uppercase">Grayscale</h1>
<h2 class="text-white-50 mx-auto mt-2 mb-5">A free, responsive, one page Bootstrap theme created by Start Bootstrap.</h2>
Get Started
</div>
</div>
</header>
Add two classes to header div that I have added above.
Note : after you added row class maybe you have to add col to your content elements.

There is two option to do vertical center
you need to give the position to your navigation bar so it does not calculate in flexbox, for that you need to change your code a little bit.
you need to cut out your navigation bar height from your page, so it does not calculate in flexbox, I calculated your navbar height and its equal to 86px so, I will cut 172px from your page
Now you need to choose best way, from my side, first is better than second.
1st Idea
Just added align-items-center vh-100 in masthead class tag and added CSS
.bg-img > .container {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
/*body {
background: linear-gradient(rgba(#F9774C, .75), rgba(#802A0C, .85));
background-image: url("Background_photo_2.jpg");
background-size: cover;
box-shadow: 4056 3000px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) inset;
/* Center and scale the image nicely
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
height: 50%;
}*/
nav {
font-size: medium;
}
.nav-item a{
color: white !important
}
body, html {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
}
/*styles background image*/
.bg-img {
/*background-image: url("Background_photo_2.jpg");*/
height: 100%;
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
box-shadow: 4000px 3000px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) inset;
}
/* use this to change the general fonts */
p, h1 {
color: white;
}
/* arranges navbar items to right */
ul {
margin-left: auto;
}
.bg-img.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
#content {
width: 100%;
height: 85%;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
/*.container-fluid {
width: 70%;
}*/
.bg-img > .container {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Home - Both Sides Now </title>
<!-- BOOTSTRAP CDN IMPLEMENTATION-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- Links to the stylesheet-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="bg-img">
<!--This is the navbar-->
<div class="container col-md-10">
<nav class="navbar transparant navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html"><img src="logotransparant.gif" class="d-inline-block align-top" width="60" height="60"></a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav">
<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Features</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Pricing</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<header class="masthead d-flex vh-100 align-items-center justify-content-center">
<div class="container ">
<div class="mx-auto text-center">
<h1 class="mx-auto my-0 text-uppercase">Grayscale</h1>
<h2 class="text-white-50 mx-auto mt-2 mb-5">A free, responsive, one page Bootstrap theme created by Start Bootstrap.</h2>
Get Started
</div>
</div>
</header>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-UO2eT0CpHqdSJQ6hJty5KVphtPhzWj9WO1clHTMGa3JDZwrnQq4sF86dIHNDz0W1" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JjSmVgyd0p3pXB1rRibZUAYoIIy6OrQ6VrjIEaFf/nJGzIxFDsf4x0xIM+B07jRM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</div>
</html>
2nd Idea
Just added align-items-center in masthead class tag and added CSS
.masthead {
height: calc(100vh - 172px);
}
/*body {
background: linear-gradient(rgba(#F9774C, .75), rgba(#802A0C, .85));
background-image: url("Background_photo_2.jpg");
background-size: cover;
box-shadow: 4056 3000px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) inset;
/* Center and scale the image nicely
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
height: 50%;
}*/
nav {
font-size: medium;
}
.nav-item a{
color: white !important
}
body, html {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
}
/*styles background image*/
.bg-img {
/*background-image: url("Background_photo_2.jpg");*/
height: 100%;
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
box-shadow: 4000px 3000px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) inset;
}
/* use this to change the general fonts */
p, h1 {
color: white;
}
/* arranges navbar items to right */
ul {
margin-left: auto;
}
.bg-img.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
#content {
width: 100%;
height: 85%;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
/*.container-fluid {
width: 70%;
}*/
.masthead {
height: calc(100vh - 172px);
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Home - Both Sides Now </title>
<!-- BOOTSTRAP CDN IMPLEMENTATION-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- Links to the stylesheet-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="bg-img">
<!--This is the navbar-->
<div class="container col-md-10">
<nav class="navbar transparant navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html"><img src="logotransparant.gif" class="d-inline-block align-top" width="60" height="60"></a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav">
<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Features</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Pricing</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<header class="masthead d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center">
<div class="container ">
<div class="mx-auto text-center">
<h1 class="mx-auto my-0 text-uppercase">Grayscale</h1>
<h2 class="text-white-50 mx-auto mt-2 mb-5">A free, responsive, one page Bootstrap theme created by Start Bootstrap.</h2>
Get Started
</div>
</div>
</header>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-UO2eT0CpHqdSJQ6hJty5KVphtPhzWj9WO1clHTMGa3JDZwrnQq4sF86dIHNDz0W1" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JjSmVgyd0p3pXB1rRibZUAYoIIy6OrQ6VrjIEaFf/nJGzIxFDsf4x0xIM+B07jRM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</div>
</html>

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Having a transparent box/overlay on top of the backround image

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<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#food">Food <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js#1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
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<h2 style="color: black" align="center">Food is essential part of our well-being</h2>
<p>Our expertise </p>
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And CSS:
h1{
}
#h1{
color:blue;
padding-bottom:30px;
font-family: CelebriSans;
}
h2{
font-family: CelebriSans;
margin-top:10px;
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grid-row: 1/4;
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font-style:bold;
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/* background-image: url("https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/08/25/03/51/toner-906142__480.jpg"); */
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background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
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/*
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color: black;
width: 75%;
padding: 20px;
}
*/
#ourservicepicture{
height:100%;
width:100%;
margin:0px;
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margin-right:0px;
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You can use display: flex on .container to place elements inside .container on top. I have added some comments to minimize your code. Check it out!
.container {
background-image: url("https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/08/25/03/51/toner-906142__480.jpg");
/* Add the background image like this */
height: 500px;
/* Give the background image the correct height */
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center;
background-size: cover;
display: flex;
/* Places content inside on top */
justify-content: center;
/* Center horizontally */
align-items: center;
/* Center vertically */
}
.transbox {
padding: 30px;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
/* Opacity can be given to background with rgba*/
border: 1px solid black;
height: 100px;
}
<div class="container" href="service">
<div class="transbox">
<h2>
Food is essential part of our well-being
</h2>
<p>Our expertise </p>
</div>
</div>
Simply add this CSS to your .transbox styles
https://jsfiddle.net/rjaw5nvx/
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
You could also use flexbox to center the box vertically and horizontally but that's a little bit more complicated.

why navigation bar is not going on the top?

My navbar is not showing at the top. I have used my bootstrap-css file and custom scss file. I am attaching the screenshot.
Also, I wanted to know if the overlay div present here is important or not.
I want it to look like this, and my current page looks like this
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./CSS/style.css">
<title>Aurora Grove</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark ">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#"><h3 class="mb-0">Aurora Grove</h3></a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#MainNav" aria-controls="MainNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="MainNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">About</a></li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Explore</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Contact</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Book</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<section id="showcase" class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center">
<div id="overlay"></div>
<div class="container text-center text-white " id="header">
<h3 class="display-5">mordern camping</h3>
<h1 class="display-1">Aurora Grove</h1>
<p class="lead d-none d-md-block">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Asperiores?</p>
<button id="book" class="btn btn-primary px-5">Book Now</button>
</div>
</section>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-J6qa4849blE2+poT4WnyKhv5vZF5SrPo0iEjwBvKU7imGFAV0wwj1yYfoRSJoZ+n" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js#1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-wfSDF2E50Y2D1uUdj0O3uMBJnjuUD4Ih7YwaYd1iqfktj0Uod8GCExl3Og8ifwB6" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>
scss file
body{
background-color: #d460bb;
font-family: "Raleway",sans-serif;
}
.navbar{
font-weight: 100;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
z-index: 3;
.navbar-brand h3{
font-weight: 100;
}
.nav-item{
font-size: 1.4rem;
}
.nav-link:hover{
transition: border 0.2s;
border-bottom: 1px solid white;
}
}
// showcasase
#showcase{
background: url('../images/main.jpeg') bottom center no-repeat;
min-height: 30rem;
position: relative;
#header{
z-index: 2;
}
#overlay{
background: rgba($color: #000000, $alpha: 0.2);
position: absolute;
top: 0rem;
left: 0;
right: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
z-index: 1;
}
h1{
font-family: "Questrial",sans-serif;
line-height: 1;
}
#book{
font-size: 1.5rem;
border-radius: 2rem;
}
}
// phone
#media (max-width:768px){
.navbar{
background: #1f1f1f;
.nav-link:hover{
border-bottom: none;
}
}
// showcase
#showcase{
min-height: 500px;
h1{
font-size: 4rem;
}
}
}
Thanks.
It was mainly due to the height:100%.
body {
font-family: "Raleway", sans-serif;
}
.navbar {
font-weight: 100;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
z-index: 3;
}
.navbar-brand h3 {
font-weight: 100;
}
.nav-item {
font-size: 1.4rem;
}
.nav-link:hover {
transition: border 0.2s;
border-bottom: 1px solid white;
}
#showcase {
background: url("https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1478827536114-da961b7f86d2?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop")
no-repeat bottom center;
min-height: 30rem;
position: relative;
#header {
z-index: 2;
}
#overlay {
background: #000000;
opacity: 0.2;
position: absolute;
top: 0rem;
left: 0;
right: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
z-index: 1;
}
h1 {
font-family: "Questrial", sans-serif;
line-height: 1;
}
#book {
font-size: 1.5rem;
border-radius: 2rem;
}
}
// phone
#media (max-width: 768px) {
.navbar {
background: #1f1f1f;
.nav-link:hover {
border-bottom: none;
}
}
// showcase
#showcase {
min-height: 500px;
h1 {
font-size: 4rem;
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Template</title>
<!-- bootstrap 4.4 -->
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-Vkoo8x4CGsO3+Hhxv8T/Q5PaXtkKtu6ug5TOeNV6gBiFeWPGFN9MuhOf23Q9Ifjh"
crossorigin="anonymous"
/>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark fixed-top">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#"><h3 class="mb-0">Aurora Grove</h3></a>
<button
class="navbar-toggler"
type="button"
data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#MainNav"
aria-controls="MainNav"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle navigation"
>
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="MainNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="#"
>Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a
>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">About</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Explore</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Contact</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Book</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<section
id="showcase"
class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center"
>
<div id="overlay"></div>
<div class="container text-center text-white " id="header">
<h3 class="display-5">mordern camping</h3>
<h1 class="display-1">Aurora Grove</h1>
<p class="lead d-none d-md-block">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Asperiores?
</p>
<button id="book" class="btn btn-primary px-5">Book Now</button>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Bootstrap js ,popper js and jquery -->
<script
src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.slim.min.js"
integrity="sha384-J6qa4849blE2+poT4WnyKhv5vZF5SrPo0iEjwBvKU7imGFAV0wwj1yYfoRSJoZ+n"
crossorigin="anonymous"
></script>
<script
src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-wfSDF2E50Y2D1uUdj0O3uMBJnjuUD4Ih7YwaYd1iqfktj0Uod8GCExl3Og8ifwB6"
crossorigin="anonymous"
></script>
</body>
</html>
As part of your follow-up question
Also, I wanted to know if the overlay div present here is important or not?
It depends on you if you want to add an overlay effect on certain area not. Generally it is added to make some part closer(more appealing/more focused) to the user
You have mentioned height:100% in the styles for .navbar.
I changed that to height:15vh; and it seems to work fine.
Feel free to play with the value until you find it suitable.

Why are the navbar items being moved along with the logo when trying to move it to the left?

When I try to move .logo to the left, all of the other navbar items (Home, Features, Pricing, Disabled) also get moved to the left as well.
I just want to move .logo to the left, not the other navbar items. I should also add that I'm using Bootstrap 4.
What's causing this to happen and how can I fix it?
Here's index.html:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Required meta tags -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
<title>App</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="topSection container-fluid">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light">
<img class="logo" src="https://99designs-start-attachments.imgix.net/alchemy-pictures/2016%2F02%2F22%2F04%2F24%2F31%2Fb7bd820a-ecc0-4170-8f4e-3db2e73b0f4a%2F550250_artsigma.png?auto=format&ch=Width%2CDPR&w=250&h=250"/>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNavAltMarkup" aria-controls="navbarNavAltMarkup" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNavAltMarkup">
<div class="navbar-nav">
<a class="nav-item nav-link active" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#">Features</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#">Pricing</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"
integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js"
integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>
Here's index.css:
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
img {
max-width: 50%;
max-height: 50%;
display: block;
margin-left: 10%;
}
.logo {
padding-left: 30px;
}
.topSection {
width: 100%;
height: 600px;
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOEAAADhCAMAAAAJbSJIAAAAA1BMVEWA8iEsrLU7AAAASElEQVR4nO3BgQAAAADDoPlTX+AIVQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADwDcaiAAFXD1ujAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC");
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.navbar {
margin-bottom: auto;
margin-right: inherit;
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 1679px) {
img {
max-width: 30%;
max-height: 30%;
}
}
You can add justify-content-end to <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNavAltMarkup">. This will move the content to the right and keep the logo on the left.
I also edited this (included in CSS below):
.navbar {
width: 100%;
}
img {
max-width: 50%;
max-height: 50%;
display: block;
}
This will position your navbar items on the right and your image on the left.
Codepen using your code: https://codepen.io/brooksrelyt/pen/MLbZmq
Code:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Required meta tags -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
<title>App</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="topSection container-fluid">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light">
<img class="logo" src="https://99designs-start-attachments.imgix.net/alchemy-pictures/2016%2F02%2F22%2F04%2F24%2F31%2Fb7bd820a-ecc0-4170-8f4e-3db2e73b0f4a%2F550250_artsigma.png?auto=format&ch=Width%2CDPR&w=250&h=250"/>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNavAltMarkup" aria-controls="navbarNavAltMarkup" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-end" id="navbarNavAltMarkup">
<div class="navbar-nav">
<a class="nav-item nav-link active" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#">Features</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#">Pricing</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"
integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js"
integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>
CSS:
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.navbar {
width: 100%;
}
img {
max-width: 50%;
max-height: 50%;
display: block;
}
.logo {
padding-left: 30px;
}
.topSection {
width: 100%;
height: 600px;
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOEAAADhCAMAAAAJbSJIAAAAA1BMVEWA8iEsrLU7AAAASElEQVR4nO3BgQAAAADDoPlTX+AIVQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADwDcaiAAFXD1ujAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC");
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.navbar {
margin-bottom: auto;
margin-right: inherit;
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 1679px) {
img {
max-width: 10%;
max-height: 10%;
}
}

Title for the next page appearing under the same background image

HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>James McGill</title>
<script
src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"
integrity="sha256-FgpCb/KJQlLNfOu91ta32o/NMZxltwRo8QtmkMRdAu8="
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway:400,700" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-dark navbar-expand-md sticky-top">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">J.M</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarResponsive" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarResponsive">
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">About me</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Portfolio</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Contact me</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<section class="intro">
<div class="inner">
<div class="content">
<h1>Hello there!</h1>
<h3>My name is James McGill and I'm a front-end web developer.</h3>
</div>
</section>
<div class="wrapper">
<h1>My skills</h1>
<br><br>
<h2>HTML</h2>
<div>90%</div>
<h2>CSS</h2>
<div>70%</div>
<h2>Javascript</h2>
<div>60%</div>
<h2>jQuery</h2>
<div>55%</div>
</div>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>
CSS
html, body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
width: 100%;
padding: 0;
}
body {
background-image: url("https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/1*M6iNwOtplNTw1EOTcUklkQ.png");
background-size: cover; /*This makes the image cover the whole page space*/
background-position: center;
color: white !important;
font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
font-weight: 700;
}
.intro {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
nav .navbar-nav li a {
color: white !important;
font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
font-weight: 700;
}
.navbar-brand {
color: white !important;
}
.content {
text-align: center;
padding-top: 25%;
text-shadow: 0px 4px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
}
Hey guys,
if you view my site on your browser you will see that as you scroll down the 'h1' which says "My skills" is located just before the start of the next page.
https://codepen.io/JamesMcGill/pen/KGNEWd On codepen it's even worse.
I am having a difficult time trying to figure out why this is happening.
Well, technically it is not on the same page. However, it does appear within the same background image as the contents on the main welcoming page.
Please, give me some suggestions on how I might be able to address this issue.
Thank you..
You applied the background-image to the body element, which will cause it to fill the screen. If you want it to only cover the first section, you should apply the background-image rule to that specific section.
It is doubling up at the bottom because background-repeat: repeat is the default and you have not declared an alternative. If you want if to fill the screen, you can add background-size: cover, or simply add background-repeat: no-repeat to prevent the doubling.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-size
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-repeat

how to make background image transparent and the text written on it should be highlighted

Since I am not able to make the background transparent, means I want the image opacity should be minimum and the text written on it should be highlighted. Please help me out from this. As I used css opacity but the whole div is getting transparent with the text also written on it.
Here is my html and css:
.bgimg{
background: url('bg2.jpg');
background-size: cover;
background-position: center;
background-attachment: fixed;
width: 100%;
height: 600px;
}
.headerset{
padding-top: 250px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.headerset h2{
font-size: 40px;
}
.headerset h1{
font-size: 82px;
font-weight: bold;
}
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<!-- Latest compiled and minified CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- jQuery library -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- Popper JS -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<!-- Latest compiled JavaScript -->
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="hover.css" media="all">
<div class="bgimg">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark nav fixed-top" style="background-color: #D7DBDD">
<div class="container" style="height: 50px">
TheCureKit
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapsenavbar">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse text-center" id="collapsenavbar">
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
Book Appointment
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
Book Tests
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
Order Medicines
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
Login|signup
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
Contact
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="container text-center headerset">
<h2 style="color: black;">Welcome to our studio</h2>
<h1 style="color: black;">IT'S NICE TO MEET YOU</h1>
<button class="btn btn-warning text-white btn-lg" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">BOOK NOW</button>
</div>
</div>
I think this is what you need. We can achieve background transparent by using pseudo class. Please check the below code.
.bgimg{
width: 100%;
height: 600px;
}
.bgimg::after {
content: "";
background: url('https://images.pexels.com/photos/137219/pexels-photo-137219.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&h=350');
background-size: cover;
background-position: center;
background-attachment: fixed;
opacity: 0.3;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
position: absolute;
z-index: -1;
}
.headerset{
padding-top: 250px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.headerset h2{
font-size: 40px;
}
.headerset h1{
font-size: 82px;
font-weight: bold;
}
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="hover.css" media="all">
<div class="bgimg">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark nav fixed-top" style="background-color: #D7DBDD">
<div class="container" style="height: 50px">
TheCureKit
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapsenavbar">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse text-center" id="collapsenavbar">
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a href="" class="nav-link text-white hvr-underline-from-center" >Book Appointment</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
Book Tests
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
Order Medicines
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
Login|signup
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
Contact
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="container text-center headerset">
<h2 style="color: black;">Welcome to our studio</h2>
<h1 style="color: black;">IT'S NICE TO MEET YOU</h1>
<button class="btn btn-warning text-white btn-lg" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">BOOK NOW</button>
</div>
img {
opacity: 0.5;
filter: alpha(opacity=50); /* For IE8 and earlier */
}