How to fix boundaries - pygame

I'm trying to follow the tutorial by Christian Thompson - the tutorial is here.
However, the ball and paddles aren't affected by the boundary.
I've tried rewriting the code and copying it exactly but it always ends up failing
if ball.ycor() > 290:
ball.sety(290)
ball.dy *= -1
score_b += 1
if ball.ycor() > -290:
ball.sety(-290)
ball.dy *= -1
score_a += 1

One thing I immediately notice is that the second if statement should read:
if ball.ycor() < -290:
You want to check if it's less than -290. Any ball in play will always be greater than -290, which is probably why it's breaking, because that if statement is firing every loop.

Related

Cut ultrasound signal between specific values using Octave

I have an ultrasound wave (graph axes: Volt vs microsecond) and need to cut the signal/wave between two specific value to further analyze this clipping. My idea is to cut the signal between 0.2 V (y-axis). The wave is sine shaped as shown in the figure with the desired cutoff points in red
In my current code, I'm cutting the signal between 1900 to 4000 ms (x-axis) (Aa = A(1900:4000);) and then I want to make the aforementioned clipping and proceed with the code.
Does anyone know how I could do this y-axis clipping?
Thanks!! :)
clear
clf
pkg load signal
for k=1:2
w=1
filename=strcat("PCB 2.1 (",sprintf("%01d",k),").mat")
load(filename)
Lthisrun=length(A);
Pico(k,1:Lthisrun)=A;
Aa = A(1900:4000);
Ah= abs(hilbert(Aa));
step=100;
hold on
i=1;
Ac=0;
for index=1:step:3601
Ac(i+1)=Ac(i)+Ah(i);
i=i+1
r(k)=trapz(Ac)
end
end
ok, you want to just look at values 'above the noise' in your data. Or, in this case, 'clip out' everything below 0.2V. the easiest way to do this is with logical indexing. You can take an array and create a sub array eliminating everything that doesn't meet a certain logical condition. See this example:
f = #(x) sin(x)./x;
x = [-100:.1:100];
y = f(x);
plot(x,y);
figure;
x_trim = x(y>0.2);
y_trim = y(y>0.2);
plot(x_trim, y_trim);
From your question it looks like you want to do the clipping after applying the horizontal windowing from 1900-4000. (you say that that is in milliseconds, but your image shows the pulse being much sooner than 1900 ms). In any case, something like
Ab = Aa(Aa > 0.2);
will create another array Ab that will only contain the portions of Aa with values above 0.2. You may need to do something similar (see the example) for the horizontal axis if your x-data is not just the element index.

Keeping the current CCSprite to another scenes

I'm a beginner of using cocos2d-x.
My problem is I dun know how to keep the CCSprite to another scenes.
The details of my case:
I've made a class"Scene01"includes 5 characters CCSprite with attributes, each of them class name like C1,C2...C5.
I've made a "Draw" button at class"Scene02"to draw out 1 of them randomly. I put this action at "CCTouchesBegan"...the character draw setting as below:
if (probability >0 && probability <=20) {result = C1::create();}
else if (probability >20 && probability <=40){result = C2::create();}
...until C5::create();
I use "this->addChild(result);" display on "Scene02" at "CCTouchesBegan".
But I don't know how to keep the generated "result(CCSprite)" to the new scene class"Scene03". Is there any better way(s) to simplify my case or any method(s) can help me to complete it?
You could try the following: retain the Sprite, remove it from Scene02 (keeping it on the heap) and then add it to the Scene03.
//(Scene02)
result->retain();
result->removeFromParent();
..
//(Scene03)
this->addChild(result);
result->release();

Inverted Smoothstep?

I am currently trying to simulate ballistics on an object, that is otherwise not affected by physics. To be precise, I have a rocket-like projectile, that is following an parabolic arc from origin to target with a Lerp. To make it more realistic, I want it not to move at constant speed, but to slow down towards the climax and speed up on its way back down.
I have used the Mathf.Smoothstep function to do the exact opposite of what i need on other objects, i.e. easing in and out of the motion.
So my question is: How do I get an inverted Smoothstep?
I found out that what i would need is actually the inverted formula to smoothstep [ x * x*(3 - 2*x) ], but being not exactly a math genius, I have no idea how to do that. All I got from online calculators was some pretty massive new function, which I'm afraid would not be very efficient.
So maybe there is a function that comes close to an inverted smoothstep, but isn't as complex to compute.
Any help on this would be much appreciated
Thanks in advance,
Tux
Correct formula is available here:
https://www.shadertoy.com/view/MsSBRh
Solution by Inigo Quilez and TinyTexel
Flt SmoothCubeInv(Flt y)
{
if(y<=0)return 0;
if(y>=1)return 1;
return 0.5f-Sin(asinf(1-2*y)/3);
}
I had a similar problem. For me, mirroring the curve in y = x worked:
So an implementation example would be:
float Smooth(float x) {
return x + (x - (x * x * (3.0f - 2.0f * x)));
}
This function has no clamping, so that may have to be added if x can go outside the 0 to 1 interval.
Wolfram Alpha example
If you're moving transforms, it is often a good idea to user iTween or similar animation libraries instead of controlling animation yourself. They have a an easy API and you can set up easing mode too.
But if you need this as a math function, you can use something like this:
y = 0.5 + (x > 0.5 ? 1 : -1) * Mathf.Pow(Mathf.Abs(2x - 1),p)/2
Where p is the measure of steepness that you want. Here's how it looks:
You seem to want a regular parabola. See the graph of this function:
http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=-%28x%2A2-1%29%5E2%2B1
Which is the graph that seems to do what you want: -(x*2-1)^2+1
It goes from y=0 to y=1 and then back again between x=0 and x=1, staying a bit at the top around x=0.5 . It's what you want, if I understood it correctly.
Other ways to write this function, according to wolfram alpha, would be -(4*(x-1)*x) and (4-4*x)*x
Hope it helps.

Actionscript 3- Random movement on stage? Also, Boundaries?

I'm trying to code something where there are creatures running back and forth, up and down across the stage, and I the player, have to try to go up to them, and pick them up. There are also boundaries on stage-
The map constraints- a big rectangle box is easy enough to accomplish. I've done this.
The boundaries within the map, which are also rectangles, but instead of bouncing the player back INSIDE the rectangle, I'm trying to do the opposite- keep the player out of it.
My code for it looks like this as of now:
//Conditions that check if player/monsters are hittesting the boxes (rocks
//and stuff), then if correct, bounce them away. Following code excludes
//the monsters for simplicity.
if((mcPlayer.x - aBounceBox[b].x) < 0 && mcPlayer.y <= (aBounceBox[b].y + aBounceBox[b].height/2) && mcPlayer.y >= (aBounceBox[b].y - aBounceBox[b].height/2))
{
mcPlayer.x = aBounceBox[b].x - aBounceBox[b].width/2 - mcPlayer.width/2;
}
//Duplicate above code for right side of box here
if((mcPlayer.y - (aBounceBox[b].y + aBounceBox[b].height/2)) < 0 && (mcPlayer.x + mcPlayer.width/2) > (aBounceBox[b].x - aBounceBox[b].width/2) && (mcPlayer.x - mcPlayer.width/2) < (aBounceBox[b].x + aBounceBox[b].width/2))
{
mcPlayer.y = aBounceBox[b].y + aBounceBox[b].height/2;
}
//Duplicate above code for Upper boundary of box here
The above doesn't work very well because the code to bounce for the left and right sides of the box conflicts with the upper and lower parts of the box I'm hit-testing for. Any ideas how to do that smoothly?
Also, another problem I am having is the pathing for the monsters in the game. I'm trying to get them to do the following:
Move around "organically", or a little randomly- move a little, stop. If they encounter a boundary, they'd stop and move, elsewhere. Not concerned where to, as long as they stop moving into rocks and trees, things like that.
Not overlap as much as possible as the move around on stage.
To push each other apart if they are overlapping, although I'd like to allow them to overlap very slightly.
I'm building that code slowly, but I thought I'd just ask if anyone has any ideas on how to do that.
To answer your first question, you may try to implement a new class/object which indicates the xy-offset between two display objects. In order to illustrate the idea more clearly, you can have a function similar to this:
public function getOffset(source:DisplayObject, target:DisplayObject):Object {
var dx:Number = target.x - source.x;
var dy:Number = target.y - source.y;
return { x:dx, y:dy };
}
Check if the hero character is colliding with another object first by hitTestObject(displayObj) of DisplayObject class. Proceed if the result is true.
Suppose you pass in your hero character as the source object, and another obstacle as the target object,
var offset:Object = getOffset(my_hero.mc, some_obstacle.mc);
After getting the resulting offset values, compare the magnitude (absolute value) of offset.x and offset.y. The outcome can be summarized as follows:
Let absDx be Math.abs(offset.x), absDy be Math.abs(offset.y),
absDx < absDy
offset.y < 0, target is above source
offset.y > 0, target is below source
absDx > absDy
offset.x < 0, target is to the left of source
offset.x > 0, target is to the right of source
absDx == absDy
refer to one of the above cases, doesn't really matter
Then you can update the position of your hero character according to different situations.
For your second question concerning implementing a very simple AI algorithm for your creatures, you can make use of the strategy above for your creatures to verify if they collide with any other stuff or not. If they do collide, assign them other directions of movement, or even simpler, just flip the signs(+/-) of their velocities and they will travel in opposite directions.
It is easier to implement simple algorithms first. Once it is working, you can apply whatever enhancements you like afterwards. For example, change directions when reaching junctions or per 3 seconds etc.

AS3 additive tone synthesis. playing multiple generated sounds

Inspired by Andre michelle, I`m building a tone matrix in AS3.
I managed to create the matrix and generate the different sounds. They don´t sound that good, but I´m getting there
One big problem I have is when more than one dot is set to play, it sounds just horrible. I googled a lot and found the additive synthesis method but don´t have a clue how to apply it to as3.
anybody out there knows how to play multiple sounds together? any hint?
my demo is at www.inklink.co.at/tonematrix
Oh common the sound was horrible...
Checked wiki? It is not that hard to understand... Even if you don't know that much of mathematics... Which you should - PROGRAMMING music is not easy.
So:
Let's first define something:
var harmonics:Array = new Array();
harmonics is the array in which we will store individual harmonics. Each child will be another array, containing ["amplitude"] (technically the volume), ["frequency"] and ["wavelength"] (period). We also need a function that can give us the phase of the wave given the amplitude, wavelength and offset (from the beginning of the wave). For square wave something like:
function getSquarePhase(amp:Number, wl:Number, off:Number):Number {
while (off > wl){off -= wl;}
return (off > wl / 2 ? -amp : amp); // Return amp in first half, -amp in 2.
}
You might add other types, or even custom vector waves if you want.
Now for the harder part.
var samplingFrequency; // set this to your SF
function getAddSyn(harmonics:Array, time:Number):Number {
if (harmonics.length == 1){ // We do not need to perform AS here
return getSquarePhase(harmonics[0]["amplitude"], harmonics[0]["wavelength"], time);
} else {
var hs:Number = 0;
hs += 0.5 * (harmonics[0]["amplitude"] * Math.cos(getSquarePhase(harmonics[0]["amplitude"], harmonics[0]["wavelength"], time)));
// ^ You can try to remove the line above if it does not sound right.
for (var i:int = 1; i < harmonics.length; i++){
hs += (harmonics[0]["amplitude"] * Math.cos(getSquarePhase(harmonics[0]["amplitude"], harmonics[0]["wavelength"], time)) * Math.cos((Math.PI * 2 * harmonics[0]["frequency"] / samplingFrequency) * time);
hs -= Math.sin(getSquarePhase(harmonics[0]["amplitude"], harmonics[0]["wavelength"], time)) * Math.sin((Math.PI * 2 * harmonics[0]["frequency"] / samplingFrequency) * time);
}
return hs;
}
}
This is all just converted (weakly :D) from the Wikipedia, I may have done a mistake somewhere in there... But I think you should get the idea... And if not, try to convert the AS from Wikipedia yourself, as I said, it is not so hard.
I also somehow ignored the Nyquist frequency...
I have tried your demo and thought it sounded pretty good actually. What do you mean it doesn't sound that good? What's missing? My main area of interest is music and I haven't found anything wrong , only it's a little frustrating , because after creating a sequence, I feel the need to add new sounds! Had I been able to record what I was playing with, I would have sent it to you.
Going into additive synthesis doesn't look like a light undertaking though. How far do you want to push it, would you want to create some form of synthesizer?