(ns scratch
(:require [cljs.js :as cjs]))
;Let's setup a simple clojurescript string eval that supports namespaces:
(def current-ns 'cljs.user)
(def compiler-state (cjs/empty-state))
(defn eval-text [text]
(println string)
(cjs/eval-str compiler-state text current-ns
{:eval cjs/js-eval
:ns current-ns
:context :expr
:def-emits-var true}
(fn [result]
(set! current-ns (:ns result))
(println result))))
(eval-text "(ns a.a)")
(eval-text "(defn add [a b] (+ a b))")
(eval-text "(add 4 4)")
;I can refer to the function from another namespace explicitly with no problem
(eval-text "(ns x.x)")
(eval-text "(a.a/add 6 6)")
;However when I do
(eval-text "(ns b.b (:require [a.a :refer [add]]))")
On the last line I get:
{:error #error {:message Could not require a.a, :data {:tag :cljs/analysis-error}, :cause #object[Error Error: No *load-fn* set]}}
So I have to create my own https://cljs.github.io/api/cljs.js/#STARload-fnSTAR
and pass it into the :load compiler option to handle this :require even though the compiler state already knows about my namespace as I can call the fully qualified function from another namespace.. Correct?
What is the best way to do that?
Should I create maps that store namespace->source-code from previously evaled code and get namespace->analysis-cache from the compiler state and pass these into the :source and :cache callbacks of my custom load function?
Is there a better / more efficient way to do this?
I believe I found the answer:
The :load option of eval-str can be set to the following function:
(defn load-dep [opts cb]
(cb {:lang :js :source ""})
And it will quite happily resolve. This isn't really apparent from the documentation that the callback can return this value when the namespace/var is already in the compiler state so I'll leave the question here.
Related
I'm trying to create a Clojure function, that returns another function with a custom name. My attempts so far:
(defn function-with-custom-name [name] (fn name [] 42))
(function-with-custom-name "hello")
# --> #object[lang.main$function_with_custom_name$name__4660 0xa6afefa "lang.main$function_with_custom_name$name__4660#a6afefa"]
# syntactically ok, but its name is 'name' and not 'hello'
(defn function-with-custom-name [name] (fn (symbol name) [] 42))
# --> CompilerException java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Parameter declaration symbol should be a vector, compiling:(/tmp/form-init3365336074265515078.clj:1:40)
(defn function-with-custom-name [name] (fn '(symbol name) [] 42))
# --> CompilerException java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Parameter declaration quote should be a vector, compiling:(/tmp/form-init3365336074265515078.clj:1:40)
I understand that fn is a macro, and therefore proper quoting is probably important for the parameter, but as per above, I could not get it right, but I'm 99% sure there is a way, since (looking at the source of fn), the only criteria is that the first parameter should be recognized as a symbol.
Any hints on how to do this?
EDIT: Use-case, as asked in the comment: I'm writing a simple language interpreter in Clojure, which (among other things) lets you create functions. The functions from my language are currently represented by anonymous Clojure functions. However, it would make debugging the interpreter much easier, if the Clojure functions also did have a name.
EDIT2: The first edit made me think, and I came to the conclusion that I cannot use macro-based solutions for this problem, since I need to create the functions run-time (and, as far as I remember, macros can only work at compile-time). --> Changed the question title for clarity. Still, please don't delete the macro-based answers, since they give helpful insight.
You can use defmacro.
(defmacro function-with-custom-name [name]
`(fn ~(symbol name) ([] 42)))
you can also do it in runtime, without using macros, using namespace functions instead. It can give you the way to register functions from some input for example (i can't really find any good reason for this though, but maybe it's just me)
user> (defn runtime-defn [f-name f]
(intern (ns-name *ns*) (symbol f-name) f))
#'user/runtime-defn
user> (runtime-defn "my-fun" #(* 100 %))
#'user/my-fun
user> (my-fun 123)
;;=> 12300
user> (runtime-defn (read) #(* 200 %))
#input "danger!!!"
#'user/danger!!!
user> (danger!!! 1)
;;=> 200
Update:
For the simple version, you can use defmacro. For a more complicated version (such as used by the potemkin library) you need to mess around with creating a var and "intern-ing" it into the clojure namespace. This is accomplished via clojure.core/intern:
(ns tst.demo.core
(:use demo.core tupelo.test )
(:require [tupelo.core :as t] ))
(t/refer-tupelo)
(defmacro make-fn-macro-unquote [name]
(spyxx name)
`(defn ~name [] 42))
(defn make-fn-func-quote [name2]
(spyxx name2)
(intern 'tst.demo.core (symbol name2) (fn [] 43)))
(dotest
(make-fn-macro-unquote fred)
(spyxx fred)
(is= 42 (spyx (fred)))
(let [wilma-var (make-fn-func-quote "wilma")]
(spyxx wilma-var)
(is= 43 (spyx (wilma-var)))))
Look at the output:
name => clojure.lang.Symbol->fred
fred => tst.demo.core$fn__38817$fred__38818->#object[tst.demo.core$fn__38817$fred__38818 0x5f832a1 "tst.demo.core$fn__38817$fred__38818#5f832a1"]
(fred) => 42
name2 => java.lang.String->"wilma"
wilma-var => clojure.lang.Var->#'tst.demo.core/wilma
(wilma-var) => 43
Note that fred is a clojure function, while wilma-var is a clojure var. Please see this post on the relationship between a symbol like foo and a var and a function.
Note also that the macro version takes an unquoted symbol fred as input, while the function version takes a plain string in double-quotes as input.
So fred is a symbol pointing to a function, while wilma-var is a symbol pointing to a var (which then points to a function). In either case, Clojure allows us to type (fred) or (wilma-var) to make a function call, and we get either 42 or 43 as a result.
How do I make sure that clojure/cljs.spec is verifying function call arguments and return values?
Say I have this function:
(defn my-inc [x]
(inc x))
After which I have this:
(s/fdef my-inc
:args (s/cat :x number?)
:ret number?)
This code compiles because [cljs.spec.alpha :as s] has been required.
Now I call the function so as to hopefully generate an error:
(my-inc "Not a number")
I would like to see the fdef being used, and see the error message stating that my-inc cannot be called with a string. How do I make this happen in a very general way, for instance with a setting in project.clj or user.cljs?
With this code in user.cljs:
(:require
[cljs.spec.alpha :as s]
[cljs.spec.test.alpha :as ts])
(defn my-inc [x]
(inc x))
(s/fdef my-inc
:args (s/cat :x number?)
:ret number?)
(ts/instrument)
(defn x-1 []
(my-inc "Hi"))
I can call x-1 from the cljs/figwheel REPL, and get this failure message:
#error {:message "Call to #'cljs.user/my-inc did not conform to spec:\nIn: [0] val: \"Hi\" fails at: [:args :x] predicate: number?\n:cljs.spec.alpha/spec #object[cljs.spec.alpha.t_cljs$spec$alpha50572]\n:cljs.spec.alpha/value (\"Hi\")\n:cljs.spec.alpha/args (\"Hi\")\n:cljs.spec.alpha/failure :instrument\n", :data #:cljs.spec.alpha{:problems [{:path [:args :x], :pred cljs.core/number?, :val "Hi", :via [], :in [0]}], :spec #object[cljs.spec.alpha.t_cljs$spec$alpha50572], :value ("Hi"), :args ("Hi"), :failure :instrument}}
I can also get conformance errors when working with a real project running code in a browser. The errors show up in the developer's console on the browser.
Put (ts/instrument) at the bottom of user.cljs to turn instrumentation on for all namespaces for development.
Edit
Just in case you are hit by this problem: https://dev.clojure.org/jira/browse/CLJS-1792
- the fix is to include [org.clojure/test.check "0.10.0-alpha2"] (probably with a more recent version) in your project.clj dependencies.
You can use instrument to check args conformance for certain symbols or all vars.
When called without arguments, instrument wraps all instrumentable vars into a function that checks the args before delegating to the original function.
I want to get a list of public functions from another namespace so they can be exposed as commands.
A similar question for Clojure seemed close, but does not seem to work on ClojureScript.
Another question has answers for Clojurescript, but they either only show how to print them to the REPL, or return all members instead of only the publicly exposed ones.
ClojureScript does not have a resolve function. It is possible to mimic the behavior using hacks, e.g., this one:
(defn ->js [var-name]
(-> var-name
(clojure.string/replace #"/" ".")
(clojure.string/replace #"-" "_")))
(defn invoke [function-name & args]
(let [f (js/eval (->js function-name))]
(apply f args)))
The second question you linked has an answer that refers to the clojure.repl/dir function which prints
a sorted directory of public vars in a namespace.
If you can print them, you can turn them into a string with with-out-str.
Now let's assume we have a namespace called demo.core with one public function called add:
(ns demo.core)
(defn add [a b]
(println "hello from add")
(+ a b))
We can retrieve the public fns from demo.core as strings as follows:
(defn public-fns
"Returns coll of names of public fns in demo.core"
[]
(as-> (with-out-str (clojure.repl/dir demo.core)) public-fns
(clojure.string/split public-fns #"\n")
(map (fn [s] (str "demo.core/" s)) public-fns)))
So with with-out-str we turn them into a list of strings, then split on newline, then prepend the names of public functions with "demo.core".
Then, using our earlier created invoke function, we can obtain add and invoke it with the arguments 1 and 2:
(invoke (first (public-fns)) 1 2)
;; "hello from add"
;; => 3
This is all very hacky, and it might break in advanced compilation, but it works.
So I want to pass a function to the "name" portion of def.
The problem is:
"First argument to def must be a Symbol"
I'm trying to for instance do:
(def serverNumber 5)
(def (str "server" serverNumber) {:id serverNumber :value 4939})
But I can't find annnnnnny way to do this. Any help would be beyond appreciated :)
First, I have to note that this seems like a bad idea. Why are you trying to generate defs with dynamically-generated names? (As #pst already pointed out, maps are the usual solution for creating bindings with dynamically-generated identifiers.)
Assuming you have a legit reason for doing this (maybe it's part of some library functionality where you're generating defs for the user), you can accomplish this with a macro:
(defmacro def' [sym-exp & other-args]
`(def ~(-> sym-exp eval symbol) ~#other-args))
(def serverNumber 5)
(def' (str "server" serverNumber) {:id serverNumber :value 4939})
Note that this only works at the top level (since macros are run at compile time). If you want to do this in a function or something then you just need to use eval:
(defn def'' [sym-exp & other-args]
(eval `(def ~(-> sym-exp eval symbol) ~#other-args)))
If you just want to create a bunch of agents, maybe something like this will work:
(def servers
(vec (for [i (range 5)]
{:id i :value 4939})))
Then you can just access them by index:
(servers 0)
; => {:id 0, :value 4939}
The run-time equivalent of def is intern:
(intern *ns*
(symbol (str "server" server-number))
{:id server-number :value 4939})
In Clojure, given a class name as a string, I need to create a new instance of the class. In other words, how would I implement new-instance-from-class-name in
(def my-class-name "org.myorg.pkg.Foo")
; calls constructor of org.myorg.pkg.Foo with arguments 1, 2 and 3
(new-instance-from-class-name my-class-name 1 2 3)
I am looking for a solution more elegant than
calling the Java newInstance method on a constructor from the class
using eval, load-string, ...
In practice, I will be using it on classes created using defrecord. So if there is any special syntax for that scenario, I would be quite interested.
There are two good ways to do this. Which is best depends on the specific circumstance.
The first is reflection:
(clojure.lang.Reflector/invokeConstructor
(resolve (symbol "Integer"))
(to-array ["16"]))
That's like calling (new Integer "16") ...include any other ctor arguments you need in the to-array vector. This is easy, but slower at runtime than using new with sufficient type hints.
The second option is as fast as possible, but a bit more complicated, and uses eval:
(defn make-factory [classname & types]
(let [args (map #(with-meta (symbol (str "x" %2)) {:tag %1}) types (range))]
(eval `(fn [~#args] (new ~(symbol classname) ~#args)))))
(def int-factory (make-factory "Integer" 'String))
(int-factory "42")
The key point is to eval code that defines an anonymous function, as make-factory does. This is slow -- slower than the reflection example above, so only do it as infrequently as possible such as once per class. But having done that you have a regular Clojure function that you can store somewhere, in a var like int-factory in this example, or in a hash-map or vector depending on how you'll be using it. Regardless, this factory function will run at full compiled speed, can be inlined by HotSpot, etc. and will always run much faster than the reflection example.
When you're specifically dealing with classes generated by deftype or defrecord, you can skip the type list since those classes always have exactly two ctors each with different arities. This allows something like:
(defn record-factory [recordname]
(let [recordclass ^Class (resolve (symbol recordname))
max-arg-count (apply max (map #(count (.getParameterTypes %))
(.getConstructors recordclass)))
args (map #(symbol (str "x" %)) (range (- max-arg-count 2)))]
(eval `(fn [~#args] (new ~(symbol recordname) ~#args)))))
(defrecord ExampleRecord [a b c])
(def example-record-factory (record-factory "ExampleRecord"))
(example-record-factory "F." "Scott" 'Fitzgerald)
Since 'new' is a special form, I'm not sure there you can do this without a macro. Here is a way to do it using a macro:
user=> (defmacro str-new [s & args] `(new ~(symbol s) ~#args))
#'user/str-new
user=> (str-new "String" "LOL")
"LOL"
Check out Michal's comment on the limitations of this macro.
Here is a technique for extending defrecord to automatically create well-named constructor functions to construct record instances (either new or based on an existing record).
http://david-mcneil.com/post/765563763/enhanced-clojure-records
In Clojure 1.3, defrecord will automatically defn a factory function using the record name with "->" prepended. Similarly, a variant that takes a map will be the record name prepended with "map->".
user=> (defrecord MyRec [a b])
user.MyRec
user=> (->MyRec 1 "one")
#user.MyRec{:a 1, :b "one"}
user=> (map->MyRec {:a 2})
#user.MyRec{:a 2, :b nil}
A macro like this should work to create an instance from the string name of the record type:
(defmacro newbie [recname & args] `(~(symbol (str "->" recname)) ~#args))