So far, my rule of thumb is to use viewport units for simple webpages, because it gives the website a lot of flexibility; but when the webpage is complex, use media queries.
There are some intermediate cases where I use both, just because it is easier. The next link is an example I built: https://codepen.io/santimirandarp/pen/jjboKN the css file looks like this:
body{
background-color:lightblue;
text-align:center;}
main{
font-size:calc(10px + 0.5vw);
margin: auto;
width: 80vw;
}
#title{
color:magenta;
}
span{
color:hsl(110,100%,55%);
font-size:calc(20px + 3vw) ;
}
#description{}
p{font-size:calc(13px + 0.5vw) ;
text-align:justify;
line-height:calc(20px + 0.5vw);
margin-bottom:2vw;
}
#linend{
color:blue;
text-align:center;
font-family:Garamond;
font-size:1.5em;
background-color:yellow;
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { #media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) {
main{width:45%;}
p {font-size:100%;
}
p strong{font-size:100%;
color:brown;}
}
Question
Is this approach correct? When to use viewport units vs media queries?
Can you explain the right approach?
As of MDN:
Media queries are useful when you want to modify your site or app depending on a device's general type (such as print vs. screen)
In comparison, the purpose of the viewport is to adapt on the screens dimensions, like width and height.
That in mind, there is no 'use viewport or media queries'. With media queries you can differentiate media types - not only their dimensions. For example, when you have media print, you might want to remove colors. Additionally (not alternatively) you can use viewport units to specify the dimensions.
Since you are using both media queries and viewport units, my answer would be: yes, your approach is right. Though, I don't think there is a strict right or wrong here.
Related
I am creating a chart that shows keyboard commands overlaid on top of an image of a keyboard. I would like the text to shrink to the size of the container if it is too long to fit inside a key, but remain the default size otherwise. How would I accomplish this in HTML? The solutions I've seen seem to always alter the text size, versus only when the container is too small. Thanks.
Here's an example of what the result might look like:
You can use something like word-wrap or overflow-wrap or adding a variable with css(i.e: a font-size that fits your needs) and only change it when a media queries (that you established) returns true;
Media Queries explanation:
Let's say I established this variable
:root {
--font-size: 16px;
/* this is your regular font size that you will use in your entire document */
}
So in a given screen size like so:
#media screen and (device-width: 320px) and (orientation: portrait) {
:root {
--font-size: 12px;
}
}
You just change the value of the variable and it will change where ever you used that specific variable
If you don't know how this works you can use this css variables like this
.someClass {
font-size: var(--font-size); */ and that's it :) */
/* You can also make calculations like this */
font-size: calc(var(--font-size) - 40%);
}
Reference:
overflow-wrap: https://css-tricks.com/almanac/properties/o/overflow-wrap/
word-wrap: https://css-tricks.com/almanac/properties/w/word-break/
css variables: https://www.madebymike.com.au/writing/using-css-variables/
media queries: https://www.uxpin.com/studio/blog/media-queries-responsive-web-design/
I'm looking for a smart way to control fonts sizes depending on browser resolution - as reusable ass possible.
So i have done the following:
<section>
<h1>Contact</h1>
</section>
And in LESS file i've defined:
.h1 {
font-size: 90px;
}
section h1 {
.h1;
}
So, as you see i have .h1 class defined and i can reuse it.
But later i saw that my idea is now working (media queries don't work:)
#media only screen and (max-width: 991px) {
.h1 {
font-size: 20px;
}
}
.h1 class has 90px always and media queries didn't change font size to 20px.
My question: is this possible to tweak to work ?
This way i can have small amount of reusable classes and change their size in just one place instead of many places.
Thanks.
PS: I've benn using REM's for long time but it's not perfect for me.
I use a fluid-typography mixin, as show in this guide. This page links to a codepen showing a less mixin.
Essentially you pass through the font size values you want to scale between and also the screen sizes that the scaling to occur between. Beneath is some code directly from the codepen link:
.fluid-type(#property, #min-vw, #max-vw, #min-size, #max-size) {
#{property}: #min-size;
#media screen and (min-width: #min-vw) {
#{property}: calc( #min-size ~" + " unit(#max-size - #min-size) ~" * ((100vw - " #min-vw ~") /" unit(#max-vw - #min-vw) ~")" );
}
#media screen and (min-width: #max-vw) {
#{property}: #max-size;
}
}
the way I use it:
h1{
.fluid-type(font-size, #mobileSize, #desktopSize, 36px, 72px);
}
credit to Mike
maybe this question is too weird or even is off-topic, sorry for that but I have this doubt:
Exists a way to show a HTML page in the same size for all screens when the user types control + p (print page)?
For example my laptop have this screen resolution: 1600x900 and when I type control + p the HTML page look perfect (all in 1 page)!
Problem appears when I use a bigger(page appear in 2 or more pages) or smaller screen(page appear in 1 page but with a lot of blank spaces).
At the moment I tried with #page margins but not work at all, just in some cases, however here is the code:
<style>
#page :left {
}
#page :right {
margin-top: 0.2cm;
margin-bottom: 0.2cm;
}
body {
font-size: 9.5px;
}
</style>
PD. I'm using JavaScript, jQuery, HTML5, CSS3, Bootstrap.
Control + P means print, right?
Then yes, you should use the media query
#media print{
}
This a good explanation: https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/11/how-to-set-up-a-print-style-sheet/
Ok, I have encountered a problem while experimenting with media queries. I'm wondering if any of you could possibly help me on this issue. The purpose of this code is simple. When the screen size is above 600px the banner should not be visible and when the screen size is below 600px the banner should appear.
#media (max-width: 600px) {
.banner {
display: none;
}
}
<header class="banner">
<h1>Banner</h1>
<p>Banner Content</p>
</header>
Now as you run the code above(I assume you just did) there is nothing wrong.
Ok, now I will add similar code.
#media (max-width: 600px) {
.banner {
display: none;
}
}
.banner {
display: block;
}
<header class="banner">
<h1>Banner</h1>
<p>Banner Content</p>
</header>
Outside of the query is a style that contradicts the style given in the media query. Now what I believe to know about media queries. The styles within the query should override any other existing styles just as long as the screen-size condition is met.
If this is normal, what would be the best way of having the style within the media query override the other existing styles outside the query.
(Assuming all else is equal) Styles are activated in the order of precedence that they're encountered, unless encased in what amounts to an IF query, such as a media query.
.banner {
display: block;
}
So the above CSS will always display, no matter what other IF statements come before the rule itself. Which is not what you want.
Solutions:
1) You instead need it to be encapsulated within its own media query to only show when ABOVE 600px so:
#media (min-width: 601px) {
.banner {
display: block;
}
}
2) You place all your media queries in reverse order, so all at the bottom of (last in) your CSS file(s), so the media qualifiers are read AFTER the standard rules.
EDIT:
As Sean qualifies in comments, there are various more specific CSS selections, rather than just the order of appearance in the file, that can bend which rules take precedent over others. The order of appearance works in this case and works when the subject rules are all equal (such as all direct classes only) but please note that there will be other CSS rule instances that can complicate the issue. This answer is not intended for more complex CSS rule ordering.
It depends on the order of the rules: Every rule that comes AFTER a rule in a media query (for the same class or ID) will override it.
In your case the "general" rule for .banner is below/after the media query, so it overrides the rule in the media query. You have to write the general rules first, followed by the media queries.
I understand that media queries are conditional in-and-of themselves; however is there a 'right', (non-hackish) solution to apply media query #1 if element 'x' exists (whether it is display:none;) on the page, and if not, apply media query #2?
The default media query would be something similar to this..
#media (max-width: 780px) {
.right-col {
float:left;
width:98%;
}
.left-col {
float:left;
width:98%;
}
}
while the other media query would merely change the breakpoint..
#media (max-width: 600px) { ...
Example plunker
I am looking to determine if the .sidebar is visible (whether it is display:none;). Depending on it's visibility I want to use a different media query so that my columns collapse at a different breakpoint than previously.