Alternate for Indexing - mysql

Question

We need result from Table based on datetime filter. But it working slow in mysql. I can't implement indexing on date & timestamp columns due to it will slow our insertion/updation. So can you please suggest any alternate for select the data quickly based on date and datetime filter with better performance.
SQL Query :
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT id
, title
, language
, lang_code
, financial
, fname
, lname
, mname
, mname_br
, suffix
, CASE WHEN DOB='0000-00-00' THEN NULL ELSE DOB END AS DOB
, street
, street2
, postal_code
, zip_ext
, city
, state
, country_code
, phone_home
, phone_biz
, phone_biz_ext
, phone_contact
, phone_cell
, status
, CASE WHEN date='0000-00-00 00:00:00' THEN NULL ELSE
CAST(date as datetime) END AS date
, sex
, referrer
, referrerID
, providerID
, ethnoracial
, pid
, temp_key
, primary_care
, default_facility
, created_by
, patientStatus
, primary_care_id
, Sec_HCFA
, noBalanceBill
, erx_entry
, erx_patient_id
, athenaID
, CASE WHEN licenseDate='0000-00-00 00:00:00' THEN NULL ELSE licenseDate end as licenseDate
, race
, otherRace
, ethnicity
, otherEthnicity
, primary_care_phy_name
, primary_care_phy_id
, CASE WHEN dod_patient='0000-00-00' THEN NULL ELSE dod_patient END AS dod_patient--
, locked--
, co_man_phy--
, co_man_phy_id--
, vip--
, External_MRN_1--
, External_MRN_2--
, External_MRN_3--
, External_MRN_4
, as_id
, CASE WHEN acc_statement_date='0000-00-00' THEN acc_statement_date END AS acc_statement_date
, CASE WHEN timestamp='0000-00-00 00:00:00' THEN NULL ELSE timestamp END AS timestamp
, api_id
, fmh_pt_status
, race_code
, ethnicity_code
, patient_payer
, CASE WHEN date='0000-00-00 00:00:00' THEN NULL ELSE date END AS transfer_created
,CASE WHEN timestamp='0000-00-00 00:00:00' THEN NULL ELSE timestamp END AS transfer_updated
,CASE WHEN date > '2020-11-10 00:00:00' THEN 'new' ELSE 'changed' END AS flagfield
,CASE WHEN date='0000-00-00 00:00:00' THEN NULL ELSE date END AS sortdate
FROM patient_data
WHERE (date > '2020-11-10 00:00:00' or timestamp > '2019-04-01 19:53:57-04')
AND month(date) > 0)t
ORDER BY flagfield desc,
sortdate;
)
id Column has indexing in the table

Answer 1

Get rid of
SELECT *
FROM (
)t
it adds nothing, except to slow things down.
Let's focus on
SELECT id
FROM patient_data
WHERE (date > '2020-11-10 00:00:00'
or timestamp > '2019-04-01 19:53:57-04')
AND month(date) > 0
Does that shortened query run "too slow"? If not, then we can use that as a derived table to see if that will speed it up. If so, then we will need to get into UNION and indexing.