How to create a `Union` based on a comma-separated string list - sql-server-2008

Question

Suppose I am building a stored procedure in my SQL Server for table my_table.
The purpose of this stored procedure is to take an input keyword parameter #keyword nvarchar(255) and a comma-separated string '#vehicleList nvarchar(266)'.
#catList basically contains the values of of what filter checkboxes were checked on the front end (the options are car, truck, motorcycle). So, vehicle list might look list this:
#vehicleList = "car, truck, motorcycle"
or this
"car, motorcycle"
or this
"truck"
These checkbox names are the same as column names in my_table. I want to return certain columns from my_table based my on #keyword parameter being found in one of the columns, but ONLY if that column is in #vehicleList.
If the #vehicleList was always 'Car, Truck, Motorcyle', I could do this:
SELECT ID, T_Number, Car, Truck, Motorcycle, Date
FROM T_Ticket
WHERE Car Like '%' + #Keyword + '%'
UNION ALL
SELECT ID, T_Number, Car, Truck, Motorcycle, Date
FROM T_Ticket
WHERE Truck Like '%' + #Keyword + '%'
UNION ALL
SELECT ID, T_Number, Car, Truck, Motorcycle, Date
FROM T_Ticket
WHERE Motorcycle Like '%' + #Keyword + '%'
My question is, how would I do this based on a variable, comma-separated string that will be different every time the stored procedure is called?

Answer 1

one way would be to UNPIVOT as below.
Unlike your UNION ALL this won't return duplicates in the event of multiple columns matching but I doubt you want that anyway (if you do use a JOIN instead of EXISTS).
SELECT *
FROM T_Ticket
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *
FROM (VALUES ('Car', Car),
('Truck', Truck),
('Motorcycle', Motorcycle) ) V(colname, colvalue)
JOIN STRING_SPLIT(#vehicleList, ',') vl
ON ltrim(vl.value) = colname
WHERE colvalue LIKE '%' + #Keyword + '%')

Answer 2

Going down the dynamic SQL route, you could do:
DECLARE #vehicleList nvarchar(266);
DECLARE #keyword nvarchar(255);
DECLARE #SQL nvarchar(MAX);
SET #SQL = N'SELECT ID, T_Number, Car, Truck, Motorcycle, Date' + NCHAR(10) + NCHAR(13) +
N'FROM T_Ticket' + NCHAR(10) + NCHAR(13) +
N'WHERE ' +
STUFF((SELECT NCHAR(10) + NCHAR(13) +
N' OR ' + QUOTENAME([value]) + N' LIKE N''%'' + #Keyword + N''%'''
FROM STRING_SPLIT(#vehicleList,',')
FOR XML PATH(N''),TYPE).value(N'.','nvarchar(MAX)'),1,8,N'') + N';';
--PRINT #SQL; --Your debugging best friend
EXEC sp_executesql #SQL, N'#keyword nvarchar(255)', #keyword = #keyword;

Answer 3

I think this is the simplest way to achieve what you need
SELECT ID, T_Number, Car, Truck, Motorcycle, Date
FROM T_Ticket
WHERE (#vehicleList LIKE '%car%' AND Car LIKE '%' + #Keyword + '%')
OR (#vehicleList LIKE '%truck%' AND Truck LIKE '%' + #Keyword + '%')
OR (#vehicleList LIKE '%motorcycle%' AND Motorcycle LIKE '%' + #Keyword + '%')