Google Sheets: INDIRECT() with a Range - google-apps-script

Question

This question could be rephrased to, "Using a programmatically generated range in FILTER()" depending on the approach one takes to answer it.
This question is asked for the sake of understanding how to pass a variable range into a filter function (if it's possible).
I am currently filtering using the following function:
Code Block 1
=filter('Data Import'!1:10000,'Data Import'!D:D<12)
After importing data, Column D:D can change positions (eg, it could be in column F:F), but always has the header "student.grade".
The question is: How can I reference this variable-position column with a fixed header in a filter function as in the one given in code block 1? In other words, can I replace 'Data Import'!D:D` with valid code that will allow this function to work regardless of the location of the column with header "student.grade?"
What I've tried:
I can use the following code to correctly find the address of the column (whatever it happens to be after data import) as a string:
Code Block 2
=substitute(address(1,match("student.grade",'Data Import'!1:1,0),4),1,"")&":"&substitute(address(1,match("student.grade",'Data Import'!1:1,0),4),1,"")
The function in code block 2 above returns "D:D" when the header "student.grade" is in cell D1, and "F:F" when "student.grade" is in cell F1. I thought I could simply plug this value into a FILTER() function and be on my merry way, but in order to convert my string to a usable address, I attempted to use an INDIRECT() function on the string produced in code block 2 above.
Code Block 3
=filter('Data Import'!1:3351,'Data Import'!indirect(substitute(address(1,match("student.grade",'Data Import'!1:1,0),4),1,"")&":"&substitute(address(1,match("student.grade",'Data Import'!1:1,0),4),1,""),TRUE)<12)
The formula won't parse correctly.
Simplifying the indirect portion of the same function to test whether or not it will work when given a range produces the same error:
Code Block 4
=filter('Data Import'!1:3351,indirect('Data Import'!&"D:D")<12)
This leads me to believe INDIRECT() doesn't handle ranges, or if it does, I don't know the syntax. This Stack Overflow post seems to suggest this is possible, but I can't work out the details.
This question is NOT an attempt to get others to help me solve my programming dilemma. I can do that with various scripts, giant columns of secondary if statements, and more.
This question is asked for the sake of understanding how to pass a variable range into a filter function (if it's possible).

Answer 1

once again, maybe this is what you want:
=FILTER('Data Import'!1:100000,
INDIRECT("'Data Import'!"&
ADDRESS(1, MATCH("student.grade", 'Data Import'!1:1, 0), 4)&":"&
ADDRESS(1000000, MATCH("student.grade", 'Data Import'!1:1, 0), 4)) < 12)

Answer 2

I have no idea what you want to achieve but take a look at this:
={'Data Import'!1:1;
FILTER('Data Import'!1:10000, 'Data Import'!D:D < 12)}
or:
=QUERY(FILTER('Data Import'!1:10000, 'Data Import'!D:D < 12),
"select * label Col4 'student.grade'", 0)

Answer 3

The OP's existing solution is based on Filter command. The challenge is that the column containing "student.grade" is not fixed, however player0 has provided an excellent formula-based solution.
An alternative might be to make use of a named range. The following code finds "student.grades" in the header (row 1) and re-defines the named range accordingly.
function so54541923() {
// setup the spreadsheet
var ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();
var sheetname = "Data Import";
var sheet = ss.getSheetByName(sheetname);
// define the header row
var getlastColumn = sheet.getLastColumn();
var headerRange = sheet.getRange(1, 1, 1, getlastColumn);
Logger.log("DEBUG: Header range = " + headerRange.getA1Notation()); //DEBUG
// assign a variable for student Grades
var grades = "student.grade";
// get the headers and find the column containing "student grades"
var headerData = headerRange.getValues();
var gradesIndex = headerData[0].indexOf(grades);
// add one to the index number to account for start=zero
gradesIndex = gradesIndex + 1;
Logger.log("DEBUG: gradesIndex = " + gradesIndex); //DEBUG
// convert the column number to a letter
// assumes that student.grade will never get past column Z
var temp, letter = '';
if (gradesIndex > 0) {
temp = (gradesIndex - 1) % 26;
letter = String.fromCharCode(temp + 65) + letter;
gradesIndex = (gradesIndex - temp - 1) / 26;
}
Logger.log("DEBUG: the column is " + letter); //DEBUG
//var newrange = "'" + sheetname + "'!"+letter+":"+letter+";";
// Logger.log("the new range is "+newrange);
// get the named ranges
var namedRanges = ss.getNamedRanges();
Logger.log("DEBUG: number of ranges: " + namedRanges.length); //DEBUG
// if named range is student grades, then update range
if (namedRanges.length > 0) {
for (var i = 0; i < namedRanges.length; i++) {
var thename = namedRanges[i].getName();
Logger.log("DEBUG: Loop: i: " + i + ", and the named range is " + thename); //DEBUG
if (thename = "student.grade") {
// Logger.log("DEBUG: The named range is student.grade");//DEBUG
// set the new range based on the column found earlier
var nonstringrange = sheet.getRange("'" + sheetname + "'!" + letter + ":" + letter);
namedRanges[i].setRange(nonstringrange);
Logger.log("DEBUG: The new range is " + namedRanges[i].getRange().getA1Notation()); //DEBUG
} else {
Logger.log("DEBUG: The named range is NOT grades"); //DEBUG
}
}
}
}