I've seen this and this discussion about removing antialiasing in canvases, but I don't think this is the same thing.
After scaling an html5 canvas by an arbitrary value (i.e., making it responsive), I've noticed that if I draw two rectangles of the same size and in the same location, the edges of the scaled side of the first rectangle remain visible.
I've included an example snippet where I draw a grey rectangle, then draw an red rectangle on top of it. There's a one-pixel red vertical line on the left and right edges of the grey rectangle. I know it may seem trivial, but it's very noticeable in my situation.
How do I fix this? Thanks!
var example = document.getElementById("example");
var ctx = example.getContext('2d');
ctx.scale(1.13,1);
ctx.fillStyle = "LightGrey";
ctx.fillRect(10,10,50,30);
ctx.fillStyle = "Black";
ctx.font = "20px Arial";
ctx.fillText("< Looks good.",70,30);
ctx.fillStyle = "Red";
ctx.fillRect(10,50,50,30);
// This light grey rectangle should completely cover the previous red one, but it doesn't!
ctx.fillStyle = "LightGrey";
ctx.fillRect(10,50,50,30);
ctx.fillStyle = "Black";
ctx.font = "20px Arial";
ctx.fillText("< Do you see red?",70,70);
<canvas id="example"></canvas>
You are scaling the transform matrix by a factor of 1.13 on the X axis.
So your coordinate 10, will actually end up on at coordinate 11.3 on the real pixels matrix.
You can't draw on fraction of pixels, so indeed antialiasing will kick in here.
So why does the first one looks better?
Because the mix between grey and white* is more neutral than the one between red grey and white. But even your first rect is antialiased.
Just zoom in your canvas and you'll see it, there is a one pixel band on both sides that is actually semi-transparent.
* "White" here is the one of the page's background
var example = document.createElement("canvas");
var ctx = example.getContext('2d');
ctx.scale(1.13,1);
ctx.fillStyle = "LightGrey";
ctx.fillRect(10,10,50,30);
ctx.fillStyle = "Red";
ctx.fillRect(10,50,50,30);
ctx.fillStyle = "LightGrey";
ctx.fillRect(10,50,50,30);
// draw bigger with no antialiasing
var z_ctx = zoomed.getContext('2d');
zoomed.width = example.width * 10;
zoomed.height = example.height * 10;
z_ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = false;
z_ctx.drawImage(example, 0,0, zoomed.width, zoomed.height);
<canvas id="zoomed"></canvas>
So how to avoid this?
Well simply avoid filling at non integer pixel coordinates. This means you have to be constantly aware of your context transformation matrix too, not only of the values you pass to the drawing functions.
(Ps: also remember that stroke is an even eviler beast since it start drawing from the middle of the line, so in this case, you even have to take into considerations the lineWidth, see this Q/A on the matter).
Related
I've searching a way to fill an image surface with a color with canvas but didn't find what i'm looking for.
Is there actually any way to do it?
There is an example of what i'm talking about:
If the image is like this:
I would need to paint this with canvas:
Just fill the actual image surface with a color (black in this case).
I think this Android method does the same, so I hope there is something similar on canvas.
imageView.setColorFilter(Color.RED);
Thank you in advance.
You can use composition mode to do this, more specifically the source-in:
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-in";
ctx.fillRect(x, y, w, h); // fill the image area using current color
// Using the original colored logo in OPs post:
var img = new Image; img.onload = go; img.src = "//i.stack.imgur.com/kv435.png";
function go() {
var ctx = c.getContext("2d");
c.width = this.width; c.height = this.height;
ctx.drawImage(this, 0, 0);
// change color
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-in";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, c.width, c.height); // def. color is black
}
<canvas id=c></canvas>
What's important to be aware of though is that composite operations works with the alpha channel. If the image doesn't have an alpha channel but just a white background, this approach won't work. In that case you would need to iterate over each pixel and replace all non-white pixels to the target color pixel.
For this approach you can use getImageData(). But my recommendation is to prepare the image so it has an alpha channel embedded before processing.
Here's a demonstration:
var ctx = document.getElementById("test").getContext("2d");
ctx.shadowColor = "black";
ctx.fillStyle = "white";
ctx.shadowBlur = 10;
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 10, 10);
ctx.shadowBlur = 50;
ctx.fillRect(70, 10, 10, 10);
ctx.fillRect(70, 70, 70, 70);
<canvas id="test" width="200" height="200"></canvas>
If I set shadowBlur=10 and then draw a small 10x10 square, I get a nice, strong shadow. The same if I set shadowBlur=50 and draw a big 70x70 square. But if I set shadowBlur=50 and then draw a small 10x10 square, I get a very faint, barely visible shadow.
Instead I would have expected a small center square and a large dark shadow all around it.
Obviously I misunderstand how the shadow blur works, so - how does it work, and how do I get a large dark shadow around a small object?
The shadowBlur uses Gaussian blur to produce the shadow internally. The object is drawn to a separate bitmap as stencil in the shadow-color and then blurred using the radius. It does not use the original shape after this step. The result is composited back (as a side-note: there was previously a disagreement on how to composite shadows so Firefox and Chrome/Opera rendered them differently - I think they have landed on source-over in both camps by now though).
If the object is very small and the blur radius very big, the averaging will be thinned by the empty remaining space around the object leaving a more faint shadow.
The only way to get a more visible shadow with the built-in method is to use a smaller radius. You can also "cheat" using a radial gradient, or draw a bigger object with shadow applied to an off-screen canvas but offset relative to the shadow itself so the object doesn't overlap it, then draw the shadow only (using clipping arguments with drawImage()) back to main canvas at desired size before drawing main object.
In newer versions of the browsers you can also produce Gaussian blurred shadows manually using the new filter property on the context with CSS filters. It do require some extra compositing steps and most likely an off-screen canvas for most scenarios, but you can with this method overdraw shadows in multiple steps with variable radii from small to bigger producing a more pronounced shadow at the cost of some performance.
Example of manually generated shadow using filter:
This allow for more complex shapes like with the built-in shadow, but offer more control of the end result. "Falloff" in this case can be controlled by using a easing-function with an initial normalized radius value inside the loop.
// note: requires filter support on context
var ctx = c.getContext("2d");
var iterations = 16, radius = 50,
step = radius / iterations;
for(var i = 1; i < iterations; i++) {
ctx.filter = "blur(" + (step * i) + "px)";
ctx.fillRect(100, 50, 10, 10);
}
ctx.filter = "none";
ctx.fillStyle = "#fff";
ctx.fillRect(100, 50, 10, 10);
<canvas id=c></canvas>
Example of gradient + filter:
This is a more cross-browser friendly solutions as if filter is not supported, at least the gradient comes close to an acceptable shadow. The only drawback is it is more limited in regards to complex shapes.
Additionally, using a variable center point for the gradient allows for mimicking fall-off, light size, light type etc.
Based on #Kaiido's example/mod in comment -
// note: requires filter support on context
var ctx = c.getContext("2d");
var grad = ctx.createRadialGradient(105,55,50,105,55,0);
grad.addColorStop(0,"transparent");
grad.addColorStop(0.33,"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)"); // extra point to control "fall-off"
grad.addColorStop(1,"black");
ctx.fillStyle = grad;
ctx.filter = "blur(10px)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 300, 150);
ctx.filter = "none";
ctx.fillStyle = "#fff";
ctx.fillRect(100, 50, 10, 10);
<canvas id=c></canvas>
Im try to drew custom shape, but since I use moveTo ..I cant be filled it, so That my question is there's any way can may be determined points on screen to fill shape? or to do that I most use or drew another real shape in the same block as layer ...
Look at my example here to drew a simple shape:
to I can fill image with blue color Im drew a Fill rectangle, so That is is a true way?
Code for shape for before fill:
var canvas3 = document.getElementById('canvas3');
var c3 = canvas3.getContext('2d');
c3.fillStyle = 'green';
c3.beginPath();
c3.moveTo(10,30);
c3.lineTo(200,30);
c3.moveTo(10,80);
c3.lineTo(200,80);
c3.moveTo(10,30);
c3.lineTo(10,180);
c3.moveTo(200,30);
c3.lineTo(200,180);
//c3.closePath();
c3.fill();
c3.lineWidth = 5;
c3.strokeStyle = 'orange';
c3.stroke();
Code for shape after fill:
var canvas3 = document.getElementById('canvas3');
var c3 = canvas3.getContext('2d');
c3.fillStyle = 'blue';
c3.beginPath();
c3.moveTo(10,30);
c3.fillRect(10,30,190,60);
c3.moveTo(10,30);
c3.lineTo(10,180);
c3.moveTo(10,90);
c3.lineTo(200,90);
c3.moveTo(200,30);
c3.lineTo(200,180);
c3.moveTo(10,30);
c3.lineTo(200,30);
//c3.closePath();
c3.fill();
c3.lineWidth = 5;
c3.strokeStyle = 'orange';
c3.stroke();
and finally which is a best way to I can drew shapes like this?
Note: Im new on html5 canvas and I read from this online book.
is there any way can may be determined points on screen to fill
shape? or to do that I most use or drew another real shape in the same
block as layer
Just draw a shape in the same place. Fill first then stroke afterwards. A little planning may be required with canvas as to in which order to draw things.
You can define objects to hold the geometrical data if you plan to redraw often or move them around. This will certainly simplify the objective later on.
which is a best way to I can drew shapes like this?
In my opinion this code can be drawn much simpler and in fewer lines of codes. There is no need to break up a shape in several parts as in that code if you can draw a shape using a simple method for it. In this case four lines can be replaced with one rectangle.
Knowing how these shapes are drawn internally also helps so we can take advantage of the path a rect() leaves, i.e. closing in upper-left corner so we can continue from there.
For example:
var c3 = c.getContext("2d");
// fill blue box first as it will be at the bottom
c3.rect(10, 30, 190, 50); // x, y, width, height
c3.fillStyle = 'blue';
c3.fill();
// orange stroke
// we know rect() will close at upper-left corner so continue from there with left leg
c3.lineTo(10, 180);
c3.moveTo(200, 80); // create second leg at right separately
c3.lineTo(200, 180);
c3.strokeStyle = "orange";
c3.lineWidth = 5;
c3.lineJoin = c3.lineCap = "round";
c3.stroke();
<canvas id=c height=180></canvas>
An alternative approach would be to fill then build the line path:
var c3 = c.getContext("2d");
c3.fillStyle = 'blue';
c3.fillRect(10, 30, 190, 50); // fillRect does not add to path
// orange stroke
c3.moveTo(10, 180); // create "housing" starting at bottom-left corner
c3.lineTo(10, 30); // upper-left
c3.lineTo(200, 30); // upper-right
c3.lineTo(200, 180); // bottom-right
c3.moveTo(10, 80); // add cross-bar
c3.lineTo(200, 80);
c3.strokeStyle = "orange";
c3.lineWidth = 5;
c3.lineJoin = c3.lineCap = "round";
c3.stroke();
<canvas id=c height=180></canvas>
I studied strokeStyle a bit but I cant find how to control the position of the stroke from inner/center/outer. It seems all stroke is outside the rectangle I draw. Is there anyway make the stroke be inner? (or even centered on the rectangle bounds)?
Thanks
Hope this helps!
Instead of doing:
ctx.fill();
ctx.stroke();
DO:
ctx.save();
ctx.clip();
ctx.lineWidth *= 2;
ctx.fill();
ctx.stroke();
ctx.restore();
Edit
For me I believe this works because the clip method removes any fill and stroke around the already present fill area, meaning the only place the stroke can go is on the inside because else it would be clipped off.
The default stroke do use centered stroke but there is unfortunately no parameter to control the alignment of the stroke so you would either have to calculate an offset value for the rectangle's position and size, or combine two rectangles and use for example the fill-rule evenodd:
var ctx = c.getContext("2d");
// default centered
ctx.lineWidth = 10;
ctx.strokeRect(10, 10, 100, 100);
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.strokeStyle = "red";
ctx.strokeRect(10, 10, 100, 100); // show main path
// inner
ctx.rect(150, 10, 100, 100);
ctx.rect(150+10, 10+10, 100-20, 100-20); // offset position and size
ctx.fill("evenodd"); // !important
ctx.strokeRect(150, 10, 100, 100);
<canvas id=c></canvas>
This answer "Draw outer and inner border around any canvas shape" shows how to use masking and compositing to precisely control the offset, both inwards and outwards of a stroke without the need to manipulate paths. It can be used for any canvas path no matter how complex.
I have an HTML canvas with a rectangle like this:
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
ctx.rect(20,20,150,100);
ctx.stroke();
Is it possible to center that rectangle in the canvas with css? I want it to stay centered regardless of what the width of the canvas is.
No.
The canvas is just a bunch of pixels. There are no elements for CSS to influence.
If you want to centre something inside the canvas, then you have to pick the right place the put the pixels you are colouring in the first place.
You might be better off using SVG for your graphics, especially if they are simple shapes like rectangles.
An easier way to center the rectangle on canvas:
var c = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var ctx = c.getContext("2d");
var width = 130, height = 80;//Dimensions of rectangle
var x = canvas.Width/2, y = canvas.Height/2;//Center coordinates of rectangle
ctx.rect(x - width/2, y - height/2, width, height);
ctx.stroke();
Refer this for the pictorial representation