I followed the following tutorial to create a MySQL database and a user :
https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-drupal-on-ubuntu-18-04/
CREATE DATABASE drupal CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES ON drupal.* TO 'drupaluser'#'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'change-with-strong-password';
The creation of the database works.
But I receive a warning when creating the user :
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Here is the detail :
mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;
+---------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1287 | Using GRANT for creating new user is deprecated and will be removed in future release. Create new user with CREATE USER statement. |
+---------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
What should I enter as a command to add a user to my Drupal 8 database ?
Using GRANT to create a user on the fly is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
So instead, create a user then grant privileges to it.
Creating a user:
CREATE USER 'drupaluser'#'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'change-with-strong-password';
Grant privileges:
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES ON drupal.* TO 'drupaluser'#'localhost';
Ps: The 'dupal' database should be created before executing these commands.
Related
how do I grant a new user the privilege to create a new database in MySQL
Specifically:
the database does not exist yet
I have successfuly created a new DB user account (that is not admin)
I want that non-admin user to create a new database
I do NOT want the 'admin' user to create the database and then grant privs to the database to the new user
as 'admin', I want to grant the new user the privilege to create a new database
I do not want to grant the new user any additional privileges on existing databases
This is not covered anywhere in the documentation that I can find.
Monday 2022-04-04
Update:
I created user 'scott' and then logged in as MySQL user 'admin' When I run this command
Note: The 'test' database does not yet exist
mysql>GRANT CREATE ON test.* to 'scott'#'localhost';
I get an error
==> ERROR 1410 (42000): You are not allowed to create a user with GRANT
Why do I get this error? I am not attempting to create a user, but rather grant a user access to a non-existent database (as is the approach with MySQL to grant a user privileges to create a database).
If up update the SQL statement to:
mysql>GRANT CREATE ON test.* to scott;
It runs OK
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
And so now I login as user 'scott and run this statement:
mysql>create database rum;
==> ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'test'
Why do I get this error?
At this point, I am still not able to create a database as a non-admin user.
Example: grant "scott" the privilege to create the test3 database, which does not exist yet:
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root#localhost |
+----------------+
mysql> grant create on test3.* to 'scott'#'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Now try as scott to create the database:
mysql> select user();
+-----------------+
| user() |
+-----------------+
| scott#localhost |
+-----------------+
mysql> show grants;
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for scott#localhost |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `scott`#`localhost` |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO `scott`#`localhost` |
| GRANT CREATE ON `test3`.* TO `scott`#`localhost` |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
mysql> create database test3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test3;
Database changed
MySQL has one privilege called CREATE which is for creating both databases and tables. See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html#priv_create
You can either grant the user privilege to create a database of a specific name, or else grant them the privilege to create a database of any name, but that means they can also create other tables, either in the new database or in other existing databases. Sorry, there may not be a solution for you to allow them to create any new database without specifying the name when you grant the privilege, but then only have privilege in that database.
You are not allowed to create a user with GRANT
You did not create the user scott. Older versions of MySQL allows GRANT to implicitly create a user if one does not exist, but that has been disabled on more recent versions because folks realized it is a security weakness.
To be clear, the user "scott" is just an example I used. Don't literally use the name "scott" if that's not the user to whom you want to grant privileges.
The other errors you got seem to be that you granted the user privileges on a database named test.* but then you tried to create a database with a different name. The example I showed only grants the privilege to create the specific named database, not a database named rum or any other database.
I understand you want to grant privilege to create a database of any name. The syntax for that would be GRANT CREATE ON *.* TO... but that would grant the user privileges on all the other existing databases too.
There is no combination of syntax to grant privileges on any database name wildcard that means any database, provided that it is not yet created.
I installed Percona Toolkit to use pt-show-grants but it's not showing up all the grants. When I run it I see the following output:
-- Grants dumped by pt-show-grants
-- Dumped from server Localhost via UNIX socket, MySQL 5.5.43-log at 2015-06-11 09:19:19
-- Grants for 'bob'#'12.34.56.78'
GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'bob'#'12.34.56.78' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*4F72B97CAAAAAAAAAAA9C38064C4CCB18CA0DD8';
GRANT SELECT ON `mydb`.* TO 'bob'#'12.34.56.78';
...
In this case, bob is just a user. However all the web sites use specific credentials, for instance developer Bob might have an account for his example.com web site, called bob_examplecom_1. When I show the grants for this account:
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'bob_examplecom_1'#'localhost';
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for bob_examplecom_1#localhost |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'bob_examplecom_1'#'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*74AE8018AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABB87B5C83E650CB' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `bob_core`.* TO 'bob_examplecom_1'#'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `bob_examplecom_main`.* TO 'bob_examplecom_1'#'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `bob_blog`.* TO 'bob_examplecom_1'#'localhost' |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
However, when I try find an associated user:
mysql> SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user WHERE User LIKE 'bob\_%';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
Presumably the original GRANTs didn't create an associated user account? Also note that the above is an example of one web site, where there are many sites. I'm probably missing something here but I expected to see NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER in a mode:
mysql> SELECT ##GLOBAL.sql_mode;
+-------------------+
| ##GLOBAL.sql_mode |
+-------------------+
| |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
So, my problem is I want to use pt-show-grants to create an SQL file of the many GRANTs that need running for a new user on this development server, but I can't figure out how. Do I need to retrospectively create user accounts that match up to the GRANTs? Should I change some settings and/or setup accounts differently in the future?
Update: I just ran FLUSH PRIVILEGES and all the GRANTs that were working that had no associated accounts in mysql.user vanished. Does this mean they're gone for good, and all need to be recreated manually? Why would such a thing happen? I've looked through the MySQL command history and see no commands that would have dropped these accounts in the past. The uptime on this server is over 400 days and the sites have all worked in that time with little messing about.
Update 2: I had to recreate all the accounts. This time, with the GRANT USAGE and then granting privileges did indeed create the user accounts. My question is now a simple one:
Why didn't MySQL GRANT create associated user accounts when performing GRANTs?
Based on your description of the observed behavior, it sounds as if rows were removed from the mysql.user table, using a DELETE statement, rather than a DROP USER statement.
Changes made to the privilege tables (mysql.user, mysql.db, et al.) via DML statements (DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE), do not take effect immediately. MySQL has already read those tables, and the information is held in memory. Checks of privileges go against the in memory store; MySQL doesn't check the contents of the tables.
So it's possible to make changes to the mysql.user table, and not have those changes reflected in the effective privileges.
The FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement is what causes MySQL to re-read all the privilege tables, and rebuild the "in memory" store of privilege information.
To answer your question(s)...
Q: Presumably the original GRANTs didn't create an associated user account?
Q: Why didn't MySQL GRANT create associated user accounts when performing GRANTs?
A: The GRANT for a "new" user did create the user account, if it completed successfully. The appropriate row was added to the mysql.user table, and the privileges became effective (the change was also applied to the "in memory" privilege structure.
Q: Does this mean they're gone for good, and all need to be recreated manually?
A: Yes. If the rows are not in the mysql.user table, then those will need to be recreated. The rows in the mysql.user, mysql.db tables could be restored from a backup.
Q: Why would such a thing happen?
A: As mentioned earlier, someone may have inadvertently run a DELETE statement against mysql.user table. (It's also possible a TRUNCATE, or a DROP and CREATE. (Executing the SQL from mysqldump script that includes DROP TABLE statement, to reload the table from an old backup?)
If operations like that weren't performed on the table, then another possibility is that MyISAM table became corrupted, and the repair of the corruption caused the loss of rows. (A known issue with MyISAM tables; and one of the reasons we take backups of the databases, and test restores.)
Here's a demonstration of the behavior... removing a row from mysql.user is not immediately reflected in the effective privileges:
Verify user does not exist:
mysql> SELECT USER, HOST FROM mysql.user WHERE USER LIKE 'bob' ;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' ;
ERROR 1141 (42000): There is no such grant defined for user 'bob' on host '192.168.11.121'
Create user with GRANT statement:
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON ergo.* TO 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysecret';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Check contents of mysql.user table and effective privileges:
mysql> SELECT USER, HOST FROM mysql.user WHERE USER LIKE 'bob' ;
+------+----------------+
| USER | HOST |
+------+----------------+
| bob | 192.168.11.121 |
+------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' ;
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for bob#192.168.11.121 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*440A4F469FD488A1C73204842936CC18A62A7D7F' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `ergo`.* TO 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Remove row from mysql.user table (using DML operation and not a DROP USER statement)
mysql> DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE USER = 'bob' AND HOST = '192.168.11.121';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Row is gone from mysql.user table, but privileges are still effective:
mysql> SELECT USER, HOST FROM mysql.user WHERE USER LIKE 'bob' ;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' ;
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for bob#192.168.11.121 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*440A4F469FD488A1C73204842936CC18A62A7D7F' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `ergo`.* TO 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Force MySQL to rebuild privileges, reading from mysql.user table...
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Privileges are no longer effective:
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'bob'#'192.168.11.121' ;
ERROR 1141 (42000): There is no such grant defined for user 'bob' on host '192.168.11.121'
I'd like to create a user who has all privileges with his own database in MySQL.
When I use this user to create a table, MySQL returns that the SQL server is running with read-only option.
However when I changed to an another existing user with all privileges on *.*, I can create table without error.
I'm wondering if the read-only option is global or what?
The following is my MySQL commands using MySQL root:
mysql> create user 'demo'#'localhost' identified by 'demo';
mysql> create database demo;
mysql> grant all privileges on demo.* to demo#localhost;
mysql> show grants for demo#localhost;
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for demo#localhost |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'demo'#'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*demo-hashed*' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `demo`.* TO 'demo'#'localhost' |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Then I switched to user "demo":
mysql> use demo;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> create table t(t1 int);
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --read-only option so it cannot execute this statement
So I checked the read-only option, and it seems to be on.
However then I tried using another user with privileges on *.* and I can create tables successfully.
The another user grant setting:
mysql> show grants for demo2#'%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for demo2#% |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'demo2'#'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*demo2-hased*' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL version:
mysql> select version();
+------------------------+
| version() |
+------------------------+
| 5.1.68.0 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
BTW, after I set read_only = 0 I can use demo to create table. I just don't know why the demo2 can create table while read-only is on.
Thanks!
Please check the My.cnf for Linux or My.ini for windows under [mysqld] remove read only parameters then restart the service and try again that will solve the read only problem, but if you create table in read only that will be a temp table.
I'm facing a problem with user access control. To be more clear, the mysql user I create has access to other tables than what I've given access to.
Let's say I log in as root into mysql and there are many databases, and in database "test", there are many tables one of which is "news".
I want to create user specifically having access only to "select" values from "test.news". This is how it looked:
mysql> grant select on test.news to 'new_user2'#'localhost' identified by 'XXXXXXX';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Flushed privileges: flush privileges;
Now, log out, and I login as new_user2:
/opt/lampp/bin/./mysql -u new_user2 -p
and want to see databases there:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
This was good, in the sense, there were other databases in the "root" account which were not visible to new_user2. Then, I wanted to see tables in test. So-
use test;
show tables;
This is the first shock for me..
I saw all the tables in the "test" database, which I was not expecting. All I wanted to see was "news" table. Or is it normal that all users who have been given access to one table in a database, can actually view all the tables?
second shock, I used select * for another table- "user", which is essentially another table in "test", and I could see all the contents in user table.
So, when I created "new_user2" and granted permission only to access test.news, how can it access test.user? select * from news is working fine..
Did I really restrict access to all other tables in "test" database? If not, how do I do it?
OK. As if this is not sufficient, I can actually delete tables created by 'root'..
mysql> drop table member;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.42 sec)
These are the grants for 'new_user2'#'localhost' when logged in root...
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'new_user2'#'localhost';
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for new_user2#localhost |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'new_user2'#'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `test`.`news` TO 'new_user2'#'localhost' |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
I feel, I'm missing something basic here. Please help me this. Thank you so much.
I'm using MySQL 5.5.16 noinstall Zip Archive on Win7.
After I started the server, the command show databases showed me a list of 2 databases: information_schema and test. The latter is empty.
Where is the table user?
I tried to create a new user through this command create user newUser; and got the following error message: ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need (at least one of) the CREATE USER privilege(s) for this operation
What should I do to create, databases, tables, and do all the operations I want to do? I don't know if the fact that I'm using MySQL 5.5.16 noinstall Zip Archive has something to do with the error message?
First thing to do is run this:
SHOW GRANTS;
You will quickly see you were assigned the anonymous user to authenticate into mysql.
Instead of logging into mysql with
mysql
login like this:
mysql -uroot
By default, root#localhost has all rights and no password.
If you cannot login as root without a password, do the following:
Step 01) Add the two options in the mysqld section of my.ini:
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
skip-networking
Step 02) Restart mysql
net stop mysql
<wait 10 seconds>
net start mysql
Step 03) Connect to mysql
mysql
Step 04) Create a password from root#localhost
UPDATE mysql.user SET password=password('whateverpasswordyoulike')
WHERE user='root' AND host='localhost';
exit
Step 05) Restart mysql
net stop mysql
<wait 10 seconds>
net start mysql
Step 06) Login as root with password
mysql -u root -p
You should be good from there.
CAVEAT: Please remove anonymous users !!!
For me the issue was ( for a very strange reason ) the fact that root had Host of % instead of localhost
I received the above error when trying to DROP USER;
Privileges as suggested in the answer above - I already had, so the solution wasn't suitable for me.
The DB looked like this:
mysql> drop user 'testuser'#'%';
ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need (at least one of) the SYSTEM_USER privilege(s) for this operation
mysql> select Host,User,drop_priv from user;
+------+------------------+-----------+
| Host | User | drop_priv |
+------+------------------+-----------+
| % | mysql.infoschema | N |
| % | mysql.session | N |
| % | mysql.sys | N |
| % | root | Y |
+------+------------------+-----------+
And
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'root'#'%';
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root#% |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.* TO `root`#`%` WITH GRANT OPTION |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
I tried many things, but eventually I changed the Host from % to localhost for security concerns, nothing else.
mysql> UPDATE user SET Host='localhost' WHERE user='root' LIMIT 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
I don't know why, but it worked.
mysql> quit
$ mysql -u root -p
.. ENTER (NO PASSWORD) ..
mysql> drop user 'testuser'#'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
No idea why, but hope it will help others ...
I'm using CentOS which has SELinux and other stuff, which maybe other components are correlated with this. don't know.