Decreasing flex growth without affecting equal difference [duplicate] - html

I have 3 buttons in a row which all vary in width. I want them to all gain width the same to fill the remaining width of the row, so the widest will still be wider than the others etc.
You can see below that what I've tried to do with flex has resulted in all the buttons being the same width. I know flex-grow can be used to proportionally grow each item, but I can't work out how to get them all to grow in relation to their original size.
You can see in the second row that the blue item is larger than the other two. I just want all three to expand from their current size equally to fill the row.
Thanks
.row-flex {
width: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
.button {
flex: 1;
display: inline-block;
padding: 10px;
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
}
.button--1 {
background: red
}
.button--2 {
background: green;
}
.button--3 {
background: blue;
}
<div class="row-flex">
Single
Larger title
Another really large title
</div>
<br/>
<div class="row">
Single
Larger title
Another really large title
</div>

Short Answer
Switch from flex: 1 to flex: auto.
Explanation
The flex-grow property factors in two key pieces of data:
The free space in the row / column where it is being used.
The value of the flex-basis property.
Distribution of Free Space
The flex-grow property distributes free space in the container among flex items in the same line.
If there is no free space, flex-grow has no effect.
If there is negative free space (i.e., the total length of flex items is greater than the length of the container), then flex-grow has no effect and flex-shrink comes into play.
The flex-basis factor
When flex-basis is 0, flex-grow ignores the size of the content in flex items and treats all space on the line as free space.
This is absolute sizing. All space on the line is distributed.
When flex-basis is auto, the size of the content in flex items is first deducted to determine the free space in each item. flex-grow then distributes the free space among items (based on each item's flex-grow value).
This is relative sizing. Only extra space on the line is distributed.
Here's an illustration from the spec:
Examples:
flex: 1 (absolute sizing)
This shorthand rule breaks down to: flex-grow: 1 / flex-shrink: 1 / flex-basis: 0
Applied to all flex items, this will make them equal length, regardless of content. (Note that in some cases an override of default minimum sizing will be necessary for this effect to occur.)
flex-grow: 1 (relative sizing)
This rule by itself will factor in both content size and available space, because the default value for flex-basis is auto.
flex: auto (relative sizing)
This shorthand factors in both content size and available space because it breaks down to:
flex-grow: 1
flex-shrink: 1
flex-basis: auto
More variations here: 7.1.1. Basic Values of flex
additional keywords for search: difference between flex-basis auto 0 flex 1 auto

Not sure if this is entirely what you are after, but if you just set flex-grow:1 instead of flex:1;, I think that is your required result:
.row-flex {
width: 100%;
display: inline-flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
.button {
flex-grow: 1;
padding: 10px;
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
}
.button--1 {
background: red
}
.button--2 {
background: green;
}
.button--3 {
background: blue;
}
<div class="row-flex">
Single
Larger title
Another really large title
</div>

Using flex property you can set proportions:
.button {
display: inline-block;
padding: 10px;
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
}
.row {
display: flex;
}
.button--1 {
background: red;
flex: 1 1 auto;
}
.button--2 {
background: green;
flex: 2 1 auto;
}
.button--3 {
background: blue;
flex: 3 1 auto;
}
<br/>
<div class="row">
Single
Larger title
Another really large title
</div>

Minimalistic answer with (hopefully useful, explanatory) alternatives:
HTML:
<div class="row-flex">
Single
Larger title
Another really large title
</div>
CSS:
.row-flex {
display: flex;
}
.button {
flex-grow: 1; /* make the item grow proportionally to its original size */
/* default value is 0, the item does not grow */
/* a meaningful default for flexbox items positioning with */
/* justify-content: <value>; */
padding: 10px;
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
}
.button--1 {
background: red
}
.button--2 {
background: green;
}
.button--3 {
background: blue;
}
The following CSS declarations also work because all they do is override the default flex-grow: 0; to the (for the desired behavior required) flex-grow: 1;:
.button {
flex: auto;
...
}
which is a shorthand for:
.button {
flex: 1 1 auto;
...
}
which is a shorthand for:
.button {
flex-grow: 1;
flex-shrink: 1;
flex-basis: auto;
...
}

Related

Is it possible to make one flex line stretch without stretching the other one?

I am trying to implement a responsive sidebar, that changes to a fixed height header when there is not enough horizontal space.
The following code works, except that I'm unable to make the second flex line stretch and occupy maximum space, while giving the first line the minimum space needed.
As per the spec (https://www.w3.org/TR/css-flexbox-1/#flex-lines):
In a multi-line flex container (even one with only a single line), the cross size of each line is the minimum size necessary to contain the flex items on the line (after alignment due to align-self), and the lines are aligned within the flex container with the align-content property.
But I seem to be missing something, because the available vertical seem to be equally shared by the flex lines.
I tried giving .bar min-hieght: 5em, but it is still occupying half of the height when wrapping occurs.
Is it impossible to implement without using media queries?
Code:
body {
background: yellow;
color: white;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.bar {
background: grey;
margin: 0;
padding: 1em;
min-width: 15em;
min-height: 5em;
flex-grow: 1;
}
.content {
background: darkgrey;
margin: 0;
padding: 1em;
flex-grow: 999;
flex-shrink: 1;
flex-basis: 40em;
}
<aside class="bar">
<h1>Bar</h1>
</aside>
<main class="content">
<h1>Content</h1>
</main>
JsFiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/074r8nhs/31/

What is the difference between the flex and height properties?

Given the following example, both will fill out the center to consume the remaining space in the page, given the page is using flex. I am leaning towards using the css property flex vs height in the body. Is there a difference that needs to be considered when applying one over the other?
CSS
.page {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.header {
height: 100px;
}
.body {
flex: 1; // vs height: 100%;
}
.footer {
height: 40px;
}
HTML
<div class="page">
<div class="header">Sample Header</div>
<div class="body">Sample Body</div>
<div class="footer">Sample Footer</div>
</div>
When you set an element to flex: 1, that breaks down to:
flex-grow: 1
flex-shrink: 1
flex-basis: 0
In a column-direction container (like you have), the flex properties above apply vertically. This means that flex-basis and height are equivalent properties.
flex-basis = height (in a column-direction container)
There is an obvious difference between flex-basis: 0 and height: 100%. It's the same difference as height: 0 and height: 100%.
In your situation, where there is a .header and a .footer consuming 140px of vertical space, setting the middle item (.body) to height: 100% would normally cause an overflow.
But since an initial value of a flex container is flex-shrink: 1, flex items are permitted to shrink, and this wouldn't happen. However, it's still sloppy and imprecise coding, in my view.
By setting .body to flex: 1, you're setting the height to 0, but also allowing it to consume free height with flex-grow: 1. I would say, in this case, that this solution is more efficient.
More details:
What are the differences between flex-basis and width?
ยง 7.1.1. Basic Values of flex
There is a huge difference between flex and height.
First to answer your question.
Height 100% doesn't use the remaining space. It will use all the spaces of parent, in your case if page dom is height 200px; then body will also be height: 200px;.
Flex will be correct solution here to fill up the space (flex: 1).
Flex is more than filling the space, its more of a layout and it has influences on its child, how they position and align.
Try below code
.page {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
height: 100%;
}
.header {
height: 100px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.body {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
height: 80vh;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.footer {
height: 40px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
<div class="page">
<div class="header">Sample Header</div>
<div class="body">Sample Body</div>
<div class="footer">Sample Footer</div>
</div>

flex-grow isn't rendering correctly in Internet Explorer 11 (IE11)

I tried a new html design with flex boxes. The design in Chrome 58 Version 58.0.3029.110 is correct but not in IE11. I did not tried other browsers.
What is the issue?
body {
display: flex;
flex-flow: row wrap;
}
#left {
flex: 6 0%;
display: flex;
flex-flow: row wrap;
}
#right {
flex: 1 0%;
background-color: black;
}
#top {
flex: 1 100%;
background-color: red;
}
#nav {
flex: 1 0%;
background-color: green;
}
#main {
flex: 6 0%;
background-color: blue;
}
#notepad {
flex: 1 0%;
background-color: yellow;
}
#chat {
flex: 6 0%;
background-color: orange;
}
#break {
flex: 1 100%;
}
<div id="left">
<div id="top">test</div>
<div id="nav">test</div>
<div id="main">test</div>
<div id="break"></div>
<div id="notepad">test</div>
<div id="chat">test</div>
</div>
<div id="right">test</div>
https://jsfiddle.net/25qu0b2p/
The primary problem is that IE11 is riddled with flexbox-related bugs (flexbugs).
The specific problem is that flex-grow isn't strong enough to get flex items to wrap in IE11.
You have this rule in your code: flex: 1 100%. It uses a shorthand property that breaks down to:
flex-grow: 1
flex-shrink: 1 (by default)
flex-basis: 100%
Because you've set flex-basis to 100%, and the container is set to wrap, that should be enough to get subsequent items to wrap.
Since flex-basis: 100% consumes all space in the row, there's no space remaining for other items. So they must wrap. Chrome gets this.
However, IE11, for whatever reason, sees subsequent items set to flex: 1 0% and says this:
Okay, flex-grow is set to 1, but there's no free space on the line. So there's no space to distribute. And flex-basis is set to 0. This item must be width: 0. No need to wrap anything.
To workaround this logic, while maintaining cross-browser compatibility, add some width to items that must wrap. Try flex-basis: 1px instead of flex-basis: 0.
#nav {
flex: 1 1px;
background-color: green;
}
#notepad {
flex: 1 1px;
background-color: yellow;
}
revised demo

get the height of the previous element

Can i get the height of the previous element using only CSS?
I am using calc() function to set dynamically height of the div B.
#b{
height:calc(100vh - heightOfPreviousElement);
}
I need to know the height of the previous element.
what i know is that, 100vh is equal to 100% of the screen height.
I used the code in the answer below.Using flex,
I have one problem. The height of the color orange become smaller.
You can easily achieve the effect you're looking for using flexbox. The trick is to allow the blue container (the one with the flexible height) to grow in size whenever the need arises, using flex: 1 1 auto, which is simply a shorthand for:
flex-grow: 1;
flex-shrink: 1;
flex-basis: auto;
See proof-of-concept code snippet below:
body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.wrapper {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
flex-wrap: no-wrap;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
height: 100vh;
}
.wrapper > div {
width: 100%;
}
#c1 {
background-color: #880015;
color: #fff;
height: 60px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#c2 {
background-color: #ff7f27;
}
#c3 {
background-color: #00a2e8;
flex: 1 1 auto;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
<div class="wrapper">
<div id="c1">height: 60px</div>
<div id="c2">height: auto (determined by content?)</div>
<div id="c3">flexible height</div>
</div>
No you can't select a previous element in CSS.
You might be interested in JQuery Prev OR Parents method for selecting previous element and apply height using .css() method?

Make two flex items each 50% height of parent

I am using css flex layout to build a dashboard and would like to put two widgets (one on top of the other) inside of a flex item and make them 50% height of their parent at all times (regardless of content). So if my html is:
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="flex-item">
<div class="widget" id="w1">
widget 1 content
</div>
<div class="widget" id="w2">
widget 2 content
</div>
</div>
</div>
and my css looks like:
.flex-container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.flex-item {
flex: 1;
}
How can I get the two .widgets to always occupy 50% height of .flex-item?
I've tried:
.flex-item {
flex: 1;
display: flex;
}
.widget {
flex: 1;
}
But this only works when the content in both widgets are the same.
I've worked up a more elaborate jsfiddle to better illustrate my issue.
Thanks in advance!
When you say that flex: 1 only works when the content in both widgets are the same, that is not correct. That would defeat the purpose of flex: 1.
flex: 1 tells flex items to distribute container space evenly among themselves. If there are four flex items with flex: 1, each will take 25%. Three would take 33.33%. And two flex items will take 50%. This is regardless of content quantity.
See this illustration: DEMO
The problem you're having is not clear in the code you posted in the question. However, it's apparent in your fiddle demo.
You have a main container with a height: 400px. You also have a rule adding 10px padding all-around to your divs. This adds 20px height to each div. You also have a header with height: 2em.
When you account for the extra heights the layout works.
Try these adjustments:
HTML (no changes)
CSS
div {
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(30, 100, 200, 0.5);
padding: 10px; /* sneaky villain */
font-family: arial;
}
h1, p { margin: 0; }
#main-wrapper {
height: 400px; /* primary height */
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
#header {
flex-shrink: 0;
height: 2em; /* header height */
}
#main-column-wrapper {
flex: 1;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
height: calc(100% - 2em - 20px); /* primary height - header height - padding */
}
#side-column {
width: 20%;
flex-shrink: 0;
}
#main-column {
flex: 1;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
height: calc(100% - 40px); /* main-column-wrapper height - padding (2 divs) */
}
#widget1,
#widget2 {
flex: 1;
flex-shrink: 0;
overflow: auto;
}
Revised Fiddle
Another option would be to use box-sizing: border-box to adjust for the padding. Learn more here: https://css-tricks.com/box-sizing/