Pkcs11Exception: Method C_Initialize returned 2147483907 - hsm

Question

I have a simply method to access my HSM with Pkcs11Interop.
This is the function:
static public byte[] findTargetKeySValue(String label, String type, string command)
{
try
{
string pkcs11LibraryPath = #"C:\Program Files\SafeNet\Protect Toolkit 5\Protect Toolkit C SDK\bin\hsm\cryptoki.dll";
Utility.Logger("cryptoki dll path " + pkcs11LibraryPath, command);
using (Pkcs11 pkcs11 = new Pkcs11(pkcs11LibraryPath, Inter_Settings.AppType))
{
// Find first slot with token present
Slot slot = Inter_Helpers.GetUsableSlot(pkcs11);
// Open RW session
using (Session session = slot.OpenSession(SessionType.ReadOnly))
{
// Login as normal user
session.Login(CKU.CKU_USER, Inter_Settings.NormalUserPin);
// Prepare attribute template that defines search criteria
List<ObjectAttribute> objectAttributes = new List<ObjectAttribute>();
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_CLASS, CKO.CKO_SECRET_KEY));
if (type == "DES")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES));
else if (type == "DES2")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES2));
else if (type == "DES3")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES3));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_LABEL, label));//PROVAK
List<ObjectHandle> foundObjects = session.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);
var key = foundObjects[0];
byte[] plainKeyValue = null;
List<ObjectAttribute> readAttrsSensitive = session.GetAttributeValue(key, new List<CKA>() { CKA.CKA_SENSITIVE });
if (!readAttrsSensitive[0].GetValueAsBool())
{
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue chiave " + label + " non senstive", command);
List<ObjectAttribute> readAttrs = session.GetAttributeValue(key, new List<CKA>() { CKA.CKA_VALUE });
if (readAttrs[0].CannotBeRead)
throw new Exception("Key cannot be exported");
else
plainKeyValue = readAttrs[0].GetValueAsByteArray();
//Console.WriteLine(ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(plainKeyValue));
session.Logout();
return plainKeyValue;
}
else
{
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue chiave " + label + " senstive", command);
Console.WriteLine("wrap/unwrap");
objectAttributes = new List<ObjectAttribute>();
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_CLASS, CKO.CKO_SECRET_KEY));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES3));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_LABEL, "WRAPPING_KEY")); //WRAPPING_KEY WRK
foundObjects = session.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);
var wrappingKey = foundObjects[0];
Mechanism m = new Mechanism(CKM.CKM_DES3_ECB);
var wrapped = session.WrapKey(m, wrappingKey, key);
//Console.WriteLine("wrapped " + ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(wrapped));
//Console.WriteLine(ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(session.Decrypt(m, wrappingKey, wrapped)));
var k = session.Decrypt(m, wrappingKey, wrapped);
session.Logout();
return k;
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
//Console.WriteLine(e.ToSafeString());
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue " + e.ToSafeString(), command);
return null;
}
}
I have this method called within a socket server when it receives a call from the client.
To test it, I created a little program with a loop. In this loop, it sends about 3 requests every seconds to the server, which use Pkcs11Interop.
Let's call this tester program tester.exe. If I run tester.exe, everything seems to be ok. But, while the first tester.exe is running, I try to execute another instance of tester.exe, I get the error
Net.Pkcs11Interop.Common.Pkcs11Exception: Method C_Initialize returned 2147483907
in this specific line code:
using (Pkcs11 pkcs11 = new Pkcs11(pkcs11LibraryPath, Inter_Settings.AppType))
Why? Which is the problem?
UPDATE:
AppType is
public static AppType AppType = AppType.MultiThreaded;
and the settings init is:
static Inter_Settings()
{
if (AppType == AppType.MultiThreaded)
{
InitArgs40 = new LLA40.CK_C_INITIALIZE_ARGS();
InitArgs40.Flags = CKF.CKF_OS_LOCKING_OK;
InitArgs41 = new LLA41.CK_C_INITIALIZE_ARGS();
InitArgs41.Flags = CKF.CKF_OS_LOCKING_OK;
InitArgs80 = new LLA80.CK_C_INITIALIZE_ARGS();
InitArgs80.Flags = CKF.CKF_OS_LOCKING_OK;
InitArgs81 = new LLA81.CK_C_INITIALIZE_ARGS();
InitArgs81.Flags = CKF.CKF_OS_LOCKING_OK;
}
// Convert strings to byte arrays
SecurityOfficerPinArray = ConvertUtils.Utf8StringToBytes(SecurityOfficerPin);
NormalUserPinArray = ConvertUtils.Utf8StringToBytes(NormalUserPin);
ApplicationNameArray = ConvertUtils.Utf8StringToBytes(ApplicationName);
// Build PKCS#11 URI that identifies private key usable in signature creation tests
Pkcs11UriBuilder pkcs11UriBuilder = new Pkcs11UriBuilder();
pkcs11UriBuilder.ModulePath = Pkcs11LibraryPath;
pkcs11UriBuilder.Serial = TokenSerial;
pkcs11UriBuilder.Token = TokenLabel;
pkcs11UriBuilder.PinValue = NormalUserPin;
pkcs11UriBuilder.Type = CKO.CKO_PRIVATE_KEY;
pkcs11UriBuilder.Object = ApplicationName;
PrivateKeyUri = pkcs11UriBuilder.ToString();
}
UPDATE2:
public class InteropHSM
{
private Pkcs11 _pkcs11 = null;
private Slot _slot = null;
public InteropHSM()
{
string pkcs11LibraryPath = #"C:\Program Files\SafeNet\Protect Toolkit 5\Protect Toolkit C SDK\bin\hsm\cryptoki.dll";
_pkcs11 = new Pkcs11(pkcs11LibraryPath, Inter_Settings.AppType);
_slot = Inter_Helpers.GetUsableSlot(_pkcs11);
}
public byte[] findTargetKeySValue(String label, String type, string command)
{
try
{
//string pkcs11LibraryPath = #"C:\Program Files\SafeNet\Protect Toolkit 5\Protect Toolkit C SDK\bin\hsm\cryptoki.dll";
//Utility.Logger("cryptoki dll path " + pkcs11LibraryPath, command);
//using (Pkcs11 pkcs11 = new Pkcs11(pkcs11LibraryPath, Inter_Settings.AppType))
//{
//Slot slot = Inter_Helpers.GetUsableSlot(_pkcs11);
using (Session session = _slot.OpenSession(SessionType.ReadOnly))
{
// Login as normal user
session.Login(CKU.CKU_USER, Inter_Settings.NormalUserPin);
// Prepare attribute template that defines search criteria
List<ObjectAttribute> objectAttributes = new List<ObjectAttribute>();
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_CLASS, CKO.CKO_SECRET_KEY));
if (type == "DES")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES));
else if (type == "DES2")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES2));
else if (type == "DES3")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES3));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_LABEL, label));//PROVAK
List<ObjectHandle> foundObjects = session.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);
var key = foundObjects[0];
byte[] plainKeyValue = null;
List<ObjectAttribute> readAttrsSensitive = session.GetAttributeValue(key, new List<CKA>() { CKA.CKA_SENSITIVE });
if (!readAttrsSensitive[0].GetValueAsBool())
{
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue chiave " + label + " non senstive", command);
List<ObjectAttribute> readAttrs = session.GetAttributeValue(key, new List<CKA>() { CKA.CKA_VALUE });
if (readAttrs[0].CannotBeRead)
throw new Exception("Key cannot be exported");
else
plainKeyValue = readAttrs[0].GetValueAsByteArray();
//Console.WriteLine(ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(plainKeyValue));
session.Logout();
return plainKeyValue;
}
else
{
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue chiave " + label + " senstive", command);
Console.WriteLine("wrap/unwrap");
objectAttributes = new List<ObjectAttribute>();
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_CLASS, CKO.CKO_SECRET_KEY));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES3));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_LABEL, "WRAPPING_KEY")); //WRAPPING_KEY WRK
foundObjects = session.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);
var wrappingKey = foundObjects[0];
Mechanism m = new Mechanism(CKM.CKM_DES3_ECB);
var wrapped = session.WrapKey(m, wrappingKey, key);
//Console.WriteLine("wrapped " + ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(wrapped));
Console.WriteLine(ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(session.Decrypt(m, wrappingKey, wrapped)));
var k = session.Decrypt(m, wrappingKey, wrapped);
session.Logout();
return k;
}
}
//}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
//Console.WriteLine(e.ToSafeString());
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue " + e.ToSafeString(), command);
return null;
}
}
public static string ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(byte[] ba)
{
string hex = BitConverter.ToString(ba);
return hex.Replace("-", "");
}
}
Every time is called, the server instance the class above and call the method findTargetKeySValue. If the server receive concurrent requests, it fails the HSM interaction... but I'm getting crazy, the session is different every time, like the specification saiys.
UPDATE3
Thread t = new Thread(() => ih.findTargetKeySValue(label, type, command));
t.Start();
Thread tt = new Thread(() => ih.findTargetKeySValue(label, type, command));
tt.Start();
Thread ttt = new Thread(() => ih.findTargetKeySValue(label, type, command));
ttt.Start();
Thread tttt = new Thread(() => ih.findTargetKeySValue(label, type, command));
tttt.Start();
Thread ttttt = new Thread(() => ih.findTargetKeySValue(label, type, command));
ttttt.Start();
I created this simple snippet to test multithread (findTargetKeySValue is defined above) and it crash with the message "Method C_Initialize returned 2147483907". This code is vendor defined and is CKR_CRYPTOKI_UNUSABLE. I will use this for the next tests.
UPDATE4:
I changed the code in
public InteropHSM()
{
string pkcs11LibraryPath = #"C:\Program Files\SafeNet\Protect Toolkit 5\Protect Toolkit C SDK\bin\hsm\cryptoki.dll";
_pkcs11 = new Pkcs11(pkcs11LibraryPath, Inter_Settings.AppType);
_slot = Inter_Helpers.GetUsableSlot(_pkcs11);
session = _slot.OpenSession(SessionType.ReadOnly);
session.Login(CKU.CKU_USER, Inter_Settings.NormalUserPin);
}
public byte[] findTargetKeySValue(String label, String type, string command)
{
try
{
List<ObjectAttribute> objectAttributes = new List<ObjectAttribute>();
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_CLASS, CKO.CKO_SECRET_KEY));
if (type == "DES")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES));
else if (type == "DES2")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES2));
else if (type == "DES3")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES3));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_LABEL, label));//PROVAK
List<ObjectHandle> foundObjects = session.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);
var key = foundObjects[0];
byte[] plainKeyValue = null;
List<ObjectAttribute> readAttrsSensitive = session.GetAttributeValue(key, new List<CKA>() { CKA.CKA_SENSITIVE });
if (!readAttrsSensitive[0].GetValueAsBool())
{
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue chiave " + label + " non senstive", command);
List<ObjectAttribute> readAttrs = session.GetAttributeValue(key, new List<CKA>() { CKA.CKA_VALUE });
if (readAttrs[0].CannotBeRead)
throw new Exception("Key cannot be exported");
else
plainKeyValue = readAttrs[0].GetValueAsByteArray();
//Console.WriteLine(ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(plainKeyValue));
session.Logout();
Console.WriteLine(plainKeyValue);
return plainKeyValue;
}
else
{
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue chiave " + label + " senstive", command);
Console.WriteLine("wrap/unwrap");
objectAttributes = new List<ObjectAttribute>();
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_CLASS, CKO.CKO_SECRET_KEY));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES3));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_LABEL, "WRAPPING_KEY")); //WRAPPING_KEY WRK
foundObjects = session.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);
var wrappingKey = foundObjects[0];
Mechanism m = new Mechanism(CKM.CKM_DES3_ECB);
var wrapped = session.WrapKey(m, wrappingKey, key);
//Console.WriteLine("wrapped " + ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(wrapped));
Console.WriteLine(ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(session.Decrypt(m, wrappingKey, wrapped)));
var k = session.Decrypt(m, wrappingKey, wrapped);
//session.Logout();
return k;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToSafeString());
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue " + e.ToSafeString(), command);
return null;
}
}
I call it with code from UPDATE3. I'm getting Method C_FindObjectsFinal returned CKR_OPERATION_NOT_INITIALIZED when the code calls
List<ObjectHandle> foundObjects = session.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);

Answer 1

You are not using PKCS#11 API correctly in multithreaded application. This is a known issue.
Short answer is that you need to ensure that:
you are using single instance of Pkcs11 class in your application (i.e. loaded during server startup and unloaded during its stop)
you are using new instance of Session class for each cryptographic operation
Long answer is that you need to read "Chapter 6 - General overview" of PKCS#11 v2.20 specification which explains all basic concepts of PKCS#11 API. After you finish this mandatory reading, you can take a look at Pkcs11RsaSignature class in Pkcs11Interop.PDF project for a working code sample of class that can be used in multithreaded environment.
This is how you can fix your code from example 4:
public InteropHSM()
{
string pkcs11LibraryPath = #"C:\Program Files\SafeNet\Protect Toolkit 5\Protect Toolkit C SDK\bin\hsm\cryptoki.dll";
_pkcs11 = new Pkcs11(pkcs11LibraryPath, Inter_Settings.AppType);
_slot = Inter_Helpers.GetUsableSlot(_pkcs11);
session = _slot.OpenSession(SessionType.ReadOnly);
session.Login(CKU.CKU_USER, Inter_Settings.NormalUserPin);
}
public byte[] findTargetKeySValue(String label, String type, string command)
{
try
{
List<ObjectAttribute> objectAttributes = new List<ObjectAttribute>();
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_CLASS, CKO.CKO_SECRET_KEY));
if (type == "DES")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES));
else if (type == "DES2")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES2));
else if (type == "DES3")
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES3));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_LABEL, label));//PROVAK
using (var session2 = _slot.OpenSession(SessionType.ReadOnly))
{
List<ObjectHandle> foundObjects = session2.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);
var key = foundObjects[0];
byte[] plainKeyValue = null;
List<ObjectAttribute> readAttrsSensitive = session2.GetAttributeValue(key, new List<CKA>() { CKA.CKA_SENSITIVE });
if (!readAttrsSensitive[0].GetValueAsBool())
{
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue chiave " + label + " non senstive", command);
List<ObjectAttribute> readAttrs = session2.GetAttributeValue(key, new List<CKA>() { CKA.CKA_VALUE });
if (readAttrs[0].CannotBeRead)
throw new Exception("Key cannot be exported");
else
plainKeyValue = readAttrs[0].GetValueAsByteArray();
Console.WriteLine(plainKeyValue);
return plainKeyValue;
}
else
{
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue chiave " + label + " senstive", command);
Console.WriteLine("wrap/unwrap");
objectAttributes = new List<ObjectAttribute>();
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_CLASS, CKO.CKO_SECRET_KEY));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_KEY_TYPE, CKK.CKK_DES3));
objectAttributes.Add(new ObjectAttribute(CKA.CKA_LABEL, "WRAPPING_KEY")); //WRAPPING_KEY WRK
foundObjects = session2.FindAllObjects(objectAttributes);
var wrappingKey = foundObjects[0];
Mechanism m = new Mechanism(CKM.CKM_DES3_ECB);
var wrapped = session2.WrapKey(m, wrappingKey, key);
//Console.WriteLine("wrapped " + ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(wrapped));
Console.WriteLine(ByteArrayToAsciiHEX(session2.Decrypt(m, wrappingKey, wrapped)));
var k = session2.Decrypt(m, wrappingKey, wrapped);
return k;
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToSafeString());
Utility.Logger("findTargetKeySValue " + e.ToSafeString(), command);
return null;
}
}