This question already has answers here:
Image inside div has extra space below the image
(10 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
I just changed the header image on my site from
<div style="background-image... width=1980 height=350>
to using
<img src="... style="width:100%;">
so the image would scale down which it now does...
But now I have this mysterious 10px gap or so.
I've checked the inspector in Chrome, and I just can't see what's causing the space. I've searched other posts but can't find anything that applies.
Anyone out there have any idea? Appreciate any help, Bob :)
Look at this line of text. Notice there are no letters that breach the baseline.
Now look at the following sentence:
By just crossing the bridge he probably got away.
Note the letters j, g, p and y. These letters, known in typography as descenders, breach the baseline.
Source: Wikipedia.org
The default value of the vertical-align property is baseline. This applies to inline-level elements.
Your img is inline-level by default and, like text, span, input, textarea and other inline boxes, is aligned to the baseline. This allows browsers to provide the space necessary to accommodate descenders.
Note that the gap is not created by margin or padding, so it's not easy to detect in developer tools. It's a slight elevation of content from the container's bottom edge resulting from baseline alignment.
Here are several ways to handle this:
Apply vertical-align: bottom to the img tag. In some cases bottom won't work, so try middle, top or text-bottom.
Switch from display: inline to display: block.
Adjust the line-height property on the container. In your code reference (since removed due to linkrot), line-height: 0 did the trick.
Set a font-size: 0 on the container. You can restore the font-size on the child element directly, if necessary.
Related:
Why is my textarea higher up than its neighbor?
By default, IMG is an inline element. You need to set your IMG tag to be a block element, which can be accomplished with this style:
display: block;
Add
display: block;
to the <img>.
Related
This question already has answers here:
Image inside div has extra space below the image
(10 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
I just changed the header image on my site from
<div style="background-image... width=1980 height=350>
to using
<img src="... style="width:100%;">
so the image would scale down which it now does...
But now I have this mysterious 10px gap or so.
I've checked the inspector in Chrome, and I just can't see what's causing the space. I've searched other posts but can't find anything that applies.
Anyone out there have any idea? Appreciate any help, Bob :)
Look at this line of text. Notice there are no letters that breach the baseline.
Now look at the following sentence:
By just crossing the bridge he probably got away.
Note the letters j, g, p and y. These letters, known in typography as descenders, breach the baseline.
Source: Wikipedia.org
The default value of the vertical-align property is baseline. This applies to inline-level elements.
Your img is inline-level by default and, like text, span, input, textarea and other inline boxes, is aligned to the baseline. This allows browsers to provide the space necessary to accommodate descenders.
Note that the gap is not created by margin or padding, so it's not easy to detect in developer tools. It's a slight elevation of content from the container's bottom edge resulting from baseline alignment.
Here are several ways to handle this:
Apply vertical-align: bottom to the img tag. In some cases bottom won't work, so try middle, top or text-bottom.
Switch from display: inline to display: block.
Adjust the line-height property on the container. In your code reference (since removed due to linkrot), line-height: 0 did the trick.
Set a font-size: 0 on the container. You can restore the font-size on the child element directly, if necessary.
Related:
Why is my textarea higher up than its neighbor?
By default, IMG is an inline element. You need to set your IMG tag to be a block element, which can be accomplished with this style:
display: block;
Add
display: block;
to the <img>.
I used text-align: center to to position three divs. But there is a small gap between each and every div. Why is it so? the picture is giving below? The divs are displayed as inline-block.
Inline-block elements often have spaces in between them because HTML displays newlines in the code as a space character.
For example, this will have a space between each div:
<div>blah</div>
<div>blah...</div>
<div>blahblah...</div>
There are various workarounds for this such as getting rid of the space in your code:
<div>blah</div><div>blah...</div><div>blahblah...</div>
Or setting the parent element to font-size: 0 and then setting the child divs to whatever font size you want.
I personally thought this was an interesting post on the subject: http://css-tricks.com/fighting-the-space-between-inline-block-elements/
If the div elements are inline-block display, then the reason there are spaces in-between them is because it is recognizing all the new lines and spaces between the div elements and trimming them down to one space character. That is the space you are seeing.
You can solve this by using float: left; if that is applicable to your situation. Of course, you may have to confine them to their own block formatting context due to the floats.
Another solution would be to get rid of the new lines and spaces in-between the div elements. You can do that like so:
HTML:
<div><img src="picture.jpg"></div
><div><img src="picture.jpg"></div
><div><img src="picture.jpg"></div>
Unless you absolutely have to use display: inline-block; then refer to the link at the bottom of my answer for a wide range of solutions.
The best solution would be to change display: inline-block; to float: left; since they will float right next to each other by default.
If they are inline-block you will need to add margin-right: -4px to offset the default margin-right.
This is based from the lack of HTML/CSS from your question.
Here are a few options of dealing with inline-blocks default margin, CSS-Tricks Inline-block
Ok, I am quite new to frontend development so please be nice if this is a dumb question :)
I understand that this may not be possible but when applying line-height to an element say an h1, the line-height applies extra space to both the top and bottom of that element.
This kind of makes sense, but i only want line-height to be applied to the bottom of the element so the tops of my h1, h2 etc can be alined perfectly with other elements.
This jsfiddle shows the problem: http://jsfiddle.net/zja4c/1/
This jsfiddle shows what i want to achieve but am forced to use negative margins: http://jsfiddle.net/25UTA/
The h1 with background colour of red aligns correctly to the top of the left div, but the text doesnt.
My question is therefore, is there a way to:
Apply line-height to only the bottom of an element or,
Align an element to the top of the space created by applying line-height somehow
Using line-height is your only option if you wish to maintain proper spacing across line-breaks. Padding will occur on the bottom of the block-level H1 element, as you pointed out. I think negative margins are your best bet, but you'll have to fine-tune it line up perfectly with a 50px line-height:
http://jsfiddle.net/25UTA/1/
If negative margins can't be used for some reason, you can use relative positioning and a negative top value to achieve a similar effect.
http://jsfiddle.net/25UTA/2/
Using em's or percentage font-sizes and line-heights might make this eaiser.
None of these answers reference elements with their display set to inline.
Line-height is a setting that refers to inline elements. Every answer so far has referred to using padding and margin, which don't work with inline styled text.
You can modify the positioning of text within its line with vertical-align. Here's a link to an article that goes into copious detail about the property and how it works:
http://christopheraue.net/2014/03/05/vertical-align/
A simple solution is to make the line-height 70% and add a little bit of bottom padding.
p, h2 {
line-height:70%;
padding-bottom: 3px;
}
In my knowledge its not possible to apply line-height only for bottom using css.
So you can try with padding as user1538100 said.
You could forget line height completely and use padding-bottom:
fiddle
I've got an example mht file here that will help demonstrate my issue; if you are using FF then this addon will help you view the mht file. You will prob need to download the file and view it locally since github doesn't provide the right mime type for the file.
Basically my issue is this that I have a div which is 32px in height surrounding another div which is 29px in height, and I have no idea why the former is 32px tall.. It should be 29px tall afaict.. I don't want to set height:29px tho because if you resize the window so that the nav items take two lines then the height shouldn't be 29px for either div.
So what is wrong here?
make the following changes-
(-) to make your ul and wrapper div bottoms to align change class #navigationSecondary ul.base
to have a display:table; instead of display:inline-block;
(-) to remove the 3px of blue at the bottom change class #navigationSecondary to have padding:0; as sugested by Marcel.
the use of display: inline-block; on the ul.base is the cause.
when you use that it formats an element like it were inline (it only formats the actual content of the element like a block), so ul.base will have the usual 2-3px top and bottom "padding" that a normal inline element has. It's not really padding it's the leading vertical spacing i.e. it's what gives lines enough space to provide for the ascenders and descenders of letters like g, h, p, etc.
the use of it here is to make it seem like your ul is containing the floated child list elements. To make an element contain it's floated children there are other ways to do this, one way is, on ul.base
remove: display: inline-block
add: overflow: hidden;
[UPDATED] re the tabs.. sorry I didn't see them before I started
Here's the "float everything" solution to containing child floats as it applies to your code, with some other suggestions too
.menuContainer all it needs is position:relative; and the border-right rule
.navigationSecondary float it left with a width of 100%; (you can remove z-index it's not doing anything)
.wrapper float it left with a width of 100%, remove the height
ul.base doesn't actually need anything but remove the display-inline-block.. it's not containing the child lists but there's no effect involved, if you want to you can float it left with a 100% width too
[UPDATE 2]
I just copied this to a plain HTML document and I think that just changing the DOCTYPE to an HTML4 transitional one solves the problems with no changes to the code ?? (why that should change the display be I don't quite know! - but the use of "target=_parent" is "not allowed" in Strict Doctypes so that'll be why it's not validating)
I'll put it in JSBIN so others can try it out on various browsers
I changed it to:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
jsbin (with original HTML5 doctype) is here http://jsbin.comhttp://jsbin.com/agihe5/2/ - shows gap
jsbin with changed Doctype - but no changes to CSS code - with flash video to show dropdowns are working is here : http://jsbin.com/inare6/2 - no gap!
jsbin with no changes to Doctype, suggested changes to code and the flash insert to show z-index working is here: http://jsbin.com/iriya4
with the latter, code changes are detailed in the source, they have moved to the bottom of the snapshot CSS
I've tested the changed Doctype version as working in IE7, IE8, FF3.6.15, Safari4 (Win) and Chrome
Providing a test case which requires me to use Firefox and download an extension to view it is highly annoying.
I just did it anyway (purely because of the bounty), and the only change you need to make to your test case is:
On #navigationSecondary ul.base, add vertical-align: top.
The extra height is gone.
Here's a demo based on #clairesuzy's demo titled "jsbin (with original HTML5 doctype)".
(The only change was adding the aforementioned CSS rule):
http://jsbin.com/agihe5/3
The other answers may work (I didn't test them), but (providing I've understood the issue properly), this is by far the easiest fix.
Apparently #navigationSecondary has padding:0 0 3px; set in unnamed-1.css on line 2.
Everything inside ul.base has a height of 24px. Itself has a padding of 2px. So it's height is 26px. It's parent div.wrapper has a height of 29px, 3px extra. It's not caused by the 3px padding of div#navigationSecondary. Nothing is contributing the extra 3px so I'm suspecting a float issue. Anyway I managed to fix it by floating 2 divs.
Add float: left; width: 100%; to div.wrapper and div#navigationSecondary.
Remove display: inline-block; from ul.base.
Floating div.wrapper and div#navigationSecondary collapses them to their nearest floated child element, in this case li.base, and removes the extra 3px. 100% width brings back the stretch.
Hope this helps.
<body style="zoom:0.99; -moz-transform: scale(0.99); -moz-transform-origin: 0 0;">
adjust accordingly, and change hight and width around
Of course. This is simple. A very elementary element positioning issue.
inline-block default vertical-positioning
ul.base is an inline-block. which means that it has spacing calculated like a block, but positioned like an inline-element.
The default positioning of inline-element is to align on the baseline of text. However, text goes below the baseline for letters such as g, j, q etc. This is called "descenders".
The height of a box is always from the top of the font to the bottom of the descenders.
The wrapper takes on the height of its children. Which means that the inline-block ul.base, positioned on the baseline.
Your font at that particular size happens to have a 3-pixel descender. Voila. Your mysterious 3-pixel gap is merely the text's descenders. And your inline-block element is positioned on the baseline (i.e. on top of that 3 pixels).
Tests to confirm that this is right
Change font size. You'll see that 3-pixel changes. Change font size to small enough and it'll reduce to a 1px descender. Your so-called "gap" will shrink.
Change ul.base to something other than an inline-block (of course you have to add something to clear the floats inside). It will no longer have the 3 pixels at the bottom because a non-inline element is not positioned on the baseline.
Position ul.base on the absolute bottom instead of the default (baseline). That 3-pixel gap disappears. Use this CSS rule: vertical-align:bottom
Morale of the story
You always have to be careful with baseline positioning whenever you use inline-block display style.
Off topic
Handling font descenders is especially frustrating with Asian languages. As you know, CJK languages do not have characters that go below the baseline. However, they are typically placed on the baseline (so that they can inter-mix with other European languages, which have descenders). However, when one places a block of text with a background containing only Asian characters, the text will look like it is moved to the top, with an ugly empty gap on the bottom (the descender).
I can't seem to wrap my head around how img tags behave alongside text in an html page.
I've removed margins and padding, but there always seems to be some extra space under the img or some other unexpected behavior. I'm sure theres quick CSS workaround using absolute positioning or negative margins but I'm looking for a more general solution.
Question: Can someone explain how img tags are positioned, specifically why do they get offset vertically when alongside text?
If you want the <img> to be an inline element, you can use the vertical-align CSS attribute to specify how the image will be aligned relative to the line of text it appears in. This page has examples under the "vertical-align on inline elements" heading.
The key to getting your text to wrap around your image is setting the float attribute like so:
img {
float:left;
display:block;
}
CSS has two types of display: attributes: block and inline.
Inline is like text. It streams along, wraps at the end of a box, stuff like that.
Block is chunky and has margins and padding and width (either calculated or derived).
It doesn't make a whole lot of sense, but <img> is actually an inline element, along with <a>, <abbr> and many others. What's happening is that the image is actually being rendered roughly equivalent to letters, and it just happens to not be 12pt tall, but maybe 130px or whatever your image is. That's why it sticks up.
Declare <img style="display:block;" src="image.png" /> to get it to behave like the box most people think it is.
IMG elements get positioned just like any other inline element.
What you see under the img is the space needed for the descendant part of a glyph like g or j. An image behaves just like a letter and sits on the baseline.
img
{
display: block;
}
Will fix it for you.
An experiement that might shed some light:
<p style="font-size: 1em;">Lorem ipsum dolor <em style="font-size: 800%;">sit</em> amet.</p>
Think of the <em> as a ~128px high image (if 1em is 16px that is).
If you want more control over your image positioning, wrap your image in a DIV and control the positioning of the DIV. You can float the div if you want to intermingle it with your text.
This might not be relevant in this particular case (hopefully the advice from previous answers should solve your problem), but if you're finding you're getting unexpected extra space around elements, make sure that you've removed the default padding, margins etc. that browsers often add to elements (and of course different browsers often add different amounts of padding, margins etc.
If you make sure you've zeroed margins and padding etc. by using
body { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; }
at the start of your CSS, you can then add any padding and margins etc. without having to worry that the browser's defaults are going to cause any unexpected spaces, and hopefully fewer inconsistencies between browsers.