Footer tag defies assigned behavior - html

The basic layout is
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<nav></nav>
<myContent></myContent>
</div>
</body>
<footer></footer>
Where the footer should drop below the body and not be affected by the CSS of the body or its children.
I aim for the footer to be at the bottom of the page no matter how much or how little content the body contains. This CSS should do the trick:
body, html {
height: 100vh;
}
.wrapper {
min-height: 96vh;
position: relative;
}
footer {
width: 100%;
height: 4vh;
position: relative;
bottom: 0;
font-size: .75em;
}
On inspection in my browser, the footer is contained within the body tag. This makes no sense. In addition, the footer shows its width to be the same as the viewport but does not reflect that in the demo model. Instead its left border is on the left side of the page and has about 10% vw worth of whitepace to the right. Setting backround-color: yellow confirms this. And finally, the position fails to go to the bottom unless <myContent> pushes it below the screen's view.
What's wrong with this set up?

In HTML5, most everything that is not specifically in a <head> or <body> element, whether you actually declare it so or not, gets assigned to whichever is appropriate. If the necessary element doesn't exist, it's created.
As per the HTML5 spec, <html>, <head>, and <body> are optional. Most browsers work by creating missing elements as necessary. (In my experience, mostly noticed with tables and <thead> and <tbody>.)
Note that the code you see by using the browser's inspector is usually the code that the browser is working with after "fixing" what it got from the server.

In HTML, the body tag encloses the visible elements of the page. HTML has a HEAD element, but that element is not for visible content, it is for non-visible elements such as links to stylesheets, etc. Your FOOTER element rightly belongs in the BODY element.

footer header and other specific semantic tag must be enclosed to body => http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_semantic_elements.asp

The problem is, that having elements outside of the body is not valid HTML. Modern browsers will correct for this and move this elements inside.

Thanks for the above notes regarding footer/body placement. Last I read one could place the footer either inside or outside the body, but your comments have been noted.
My footer was misbehaving because the inspector zoom on the index page was changed, but not for any other pages. I don't how that happened, but resetting put it where it needed to be.

Related

How to force the body tag to contain children

https://jsfiddle.net/17nc164k/1/
I've been searching all evening and had no luck finding what I'm after, so I've resorted to asking the community here!
I'm currently developing a Wordpress plugin that adds a fixed newsletter signup bar at the bottom of the page. As this is position:fixed it's taken out of the flow, and as such the issue is that it overlaps the bottom of the page. To fix this I've added this code which creates some space after the body tag:
body:after {
content:'';
display:block;
height:52px;
width:100%;
}
This works well, but when testing with different themes I noticed for some reason on some of them the <body> tag is collapsed, it has no height whatsoever. As a result the body:after is right at the top and not doing its job adding a space at the bottom. My thoughts are to fix this is to get the <body> tag to expand and contain it's children, that however seems easier said than done.
Nearly all the suggestions I've seen say this:
html { height:100%; }
body { height:100%; min-height:100%; }
Currently on this theme the <html> element is fine, and contains the whole page (838px height) but if I add html { height:100%; } it goes to the height of the viewport. But without adding that the body { height:100%; } code does nothing.
There are a tonne of questions out there about expanding the <body> to fit the viewport, but I've not found anything that solves this yet. Totally happy to be proven wrong as I'm sure it's addressed somewhere but after a couple of hours of head banging and no light at the end of the tunnel I've resorted to asking here.
The min-height should apply to both the body and the html:
body, html { min-height: 100% }
This way, both will take up at least the viewport height, but will expand more if the content is more than the viewport height.
Update: if the body has no height because it's contents are floated, you can set clear: both on your :after element.
Don't use the :after pseudo element. Just give the <body> tag some padding at the bottom. It will be much more cooperative and also has better browser support.
body {
padding-bottom: 52px
}
If the html element has the correct height, you could set the body element to:
body{
height:inherit;
}
This should set it to have the same height as the html.

Can I drop the css #wrapper and shift styles to the html tag and the body tag?

Can I drop the css #wrapper and shift styles up a level to the html tag and the body tag for a fixed width, centered layout?
html {
background-color: lightgrey;
text-align: center;
}
body {
margin: 0 auto;
width: 800px;
background-color: white;
display: block;
}
It seems to be working perfectly well on Firefox, Chrome and IE7+. What are the potential drawbacks?
There is nothing wrong with using the <body> as a wrapper except if you're tying to support IE 7 .. due to a peculiar zoom "bug" ..
When a margin or width is applied to the body and the user zooms, IE7 incorrectly treats the left edge of the body as the edge of the viewport. This shift bumps content on the right hand side of the page outside of the screen.
I don't see any drawbacks .. only benefits. It's now easier for you to override styles on html or body on other pages by adding a class to them. I guess it would be a drawback if you didn't want to be able to do that (or if you wanted to make it harder).
I'd also advocate for not using IDs in stylesheets at all .. and even elements (i.e. stick to classes and pseudo-classes). This makes styles for elements easier to update by simply adding and dropping other classes. Using html and body is probably okay, though, since there is only ever one of each of those.

How do I make a header that remains in the top at all times?

I want to make a header like http://www.chacha.com (doesn't move, is about that wide and that height, and able to fit divs inside it and also has to be an image)
I am starting off with a blank html document and a blank css page, so there I haven't currently written any code.
I've been trying two days straight to do this now so I would really appreciate any help anyone can provide.
I have gimp so if anyone could also give me image dimensions for a perfect header and perfect background size I would appreciate it even more.
CSS:
#header {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 10px;
background: url(yourimage.png) repeat-x;
}
<!--html -->
<div id="header"></div>
That should give you a starting place, I can't tell you more without seeing exactly what the layout's supposed to be.
The CSS property you're looking for is position: fixed which will position the element relative to the viewport. This is good breakdown of positioning: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/position
In this specific case, what you've got is an element with styles roughly along these lines:
#header_id {
position: fixed;
width: 100%;
height: 35px;
}
You don't have to set the height, but unless there is content in the fixed element, it will collapse if there is no height specified. They also appear to have put a drop-shadow on the element toget the neat floating effect.
If you want to have an image inside, you can just put the <img> inside the header element, or use it as the background-image url in the CSS and position it with background-position (see also: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/background-position although the compatability table at the bottom is important if you want to do anything too specific with this property).
You can do this with any block-level element (or any element with display:block set on it). In your example they are using the HTML5 <header> tag; a <div> would work, too, if <header> wasn't appropriate for your page.
I would recommend using the Firebug addon with Firefox (or similar developer consoles with other modern browsers) -- you can right click on an element on the page and select 'Inspect element' from the dropdown menu and get a breakdown of both the markup and styling to see how other websites are constructed. Very useful for when you're browsing the internet and you see something and think, 'that's a neat trick, how does it work?'
FOR FULL WIDTH FIXED HEADER
header {
width:100%;
background:green;
height:60px;
margin:-8px;
position:fixed;
}
FOR NONFULL WIDTH FIXED HEADER
Create a div and set width and height (you can also set it left or right by float:left, float:right)
then in this div put the code above but without margin:-8px; and change the width to the width that your div has.
Here is a test

Why does IE display a vertical scrollbar with this 100% height content?

I have a Silverlight video player that I want to display in a "100% browser width/height" mode (i.e. not fullscreen, but filling up the entire browser display area).
Regular player: http://play.nimbushd.com/lfu53b5
Fullscreen version: http://play.nimbushd.com/lfu53b5/fullscreen
I have tried nearly every node in the DOM and set width/height to 100%, with margin: 0px, padding: 0px. Seems to work great in Firefox. Why, then, does IE display a vertical scrollbar with a little whitespace at the bottom?
Edit: Since this issue is fixed, the short explanation: A 100% height/width Silverlight control within an ASP.NET <form> tag spills over just a bit in IE because of the form tag.
This behavior is caused by inline elements within the <form> - inline elements always render a line-height worth of pixels. Any of the following CSS rules will fix it:
form { font-size: 0; }
or
form * { display: block; }
Alternatively, you could try to get rid of all inline descendants of <form> (this includes text nodes) - but I'm not sure it would actually work (not tested). Plus it would render your markup hard to maintain (you'd need to strip all newlines and such... could be done during deployment, but I think this is taking it too far).
You need this this styling in you html:
<style type="text/css">
html, body {
height: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
}
body {margin: 0px}
</style>
Note that this applies a style to both html and body to enforce the height of html element to the viewport height and therefore also the body.

Footer background should extend to bottom of browser

I have a problem with fixing the footer to the bottom of the browser .. The problem is when resolution changes or windows resizes the footer content overlaps the content of the website, here is the current css for footer div
div.footer {
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
}
Does anybody knows how can I fix this? Thank you
UPDATE:
This is what I need exactly but for some reason it doesn't work for my web page, it does work when I cut paste code to the blank page, but since my page is full with content and everything, what are the important elements to include? Hereis the url.
The above trick works only if my website has filled content if I have some lets say few lines the above trick doesn't work.
UPDATE II
My website has dynamic content so I think can't use this sort of CSS Sticky footers because sometimes the website will just have few lines sometimes be packed with content. Thats why the footer is not sticking to the bottom of the webpage.. its not problem to stick the footer if there is plenty content on the website the problem is without.
What you have here is a common problem for which there is no common answer, but what I would try if I were you since all these above suggestions apparently aren't working, I'd try to set my page container background to any color let say white (#FFFFFF) and I'd set background color of body to any other then white let say grey (#CCCCCC). And finaly set footer position to relative and of course it must be placed after everything if you want it alway to be at the bottom. This way you'll get what you need 100 % sure if you follow step by step instructions.
Checkout CSS Sticky Footer for an excellent cross-browser compatible method.
What that site essentially does is make the footer stick BENEATH the browser edge, and gives it a negative margin that has the same value as the footer's height. This way, the footer is sure to stick to the bottom.
You can add a push div to the last element before the footer in order to always assure that the footer doesn't overlap the content.
Given this example:
<html>
<body>
<div class="header" />
<div class="content" />
<div class="footer_push" />
<div class="footer" />
</body>
</html>
If <div class="footer" /> is always 75px high, use the following CSS:
html, body { height: 100%; } /* Take all available vertical space */
/* Push the bottom of the page 75px.
This will not make scrollbars appear
if the content fits already. */
.footer_push { height: 75px; }
/* Position the footer */
.footer { position: absolute; bottom: 0; height: 75px; }
Basically you need to give the footer a fixed height and to push the footer with another div of the same height to the bottom. There's however more browser specific stuff which you need to take into account:
The html and body must besides having a height of 100% no (default) margin to avoid the footer being pushed further to below that amount of margin.
The p and div elements throughout the page must have no margin-top to avoid the footer being pushed further to below that amount of top-margins in under each Firefox.
The "container" div must use min-height of 100% instead of height to avoid the footer to overlap the remaining of the content. IE6 which doesn't know min-height just works fine with height, so you'll need to add a * html hack for this.
All with all, here's an SSCCE, just copy'n'paste'n'run it:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE7">
<title>SO question 1900813</title>
<style>
html, body {
margin: 0;
height: 100%;
}
p, div {
margin-top: 0; /* Fix margin collapsing behaviour in FF. Use padding-top if necessary. */
}
#container {
position: relative;
min-height: 100%;
}
* html #container {
height: 100%; /* This is actually "min-height" for IE6 and older. */
}
#pushfooter {
height: 50px; /* Must be the same as footer height. */
}
#footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
height: 50px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<p>Some content</p>
<div id="pushfooter"></div>
<div id="footer">Footer</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Edit: after more testing I realized that this indeed does not work in IE8 (I still consider it as a beta so I didn't really use/test it, sorry about that), unless you let it render in IE7 compatibility modus (insert sad smilie here) by adding the following meta tag to the <head> (which I already added to the SSCCE here above):
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE7">
or to let it render in quirks mode by using a "wrong" doctype (either remove the <!doctype> or pick one of the doctypes associated with painfully red Q boxes in IE here). But I wouldn't do that, that has more negative side-effects as well.
And, surprisingly, the http://www.cssstickyfooter.com site as someone else here mentioned here which used an entirely different approach also did not work in IE8 here (try to resize browser window in y-axis, the footer won't move along it as opposed to other browsers, including IE6/7). That browser keeps astonishing me. Really.
Try setting the footers Position to relative and playing around with a negative top margin to get it how you want it.
What you're looking for is a Sticky Footer, you can find a lot of resources like this one: http://ryanfait.com/resources/footer-stick-to-bottom-of-page/
try this:
#wpr{
display: table;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
.dsp-tr{
display: table-row;
}
.dsp-tc{
display: table-cell;
}
#ftr-cnr{
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
}
#ftr{
background-color: red;
padding: 10px 0px;
font-size: 24px;
}
<div id="wpr">
<div class="dsp-tr">
<div class="dsp-tc">
body
</div>
</div>
<div class="dsp-tr">
<div class="dsp-tc" id="ftr-cnr">
<div id="ftr">
footer
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
display: table does not make it a table, a <div> is still a <div>, it just tells the browser to display it as table.
i tested it in chrome and firefox
let me know if it works for you.
We had this problem a few times. We could not find any cross browser CSS only solution. We finally resorted to JQuery. We wrote our own (i can't publish) but this one http://www.hardcode.nl/archives_139/article_244-jquery-sticky-footer.htm looks promising:
$(function(){
positionFooter();
function positionFooter(){
if($(document.body).height() < $(window).height()){
$("#pageFooterOuter").css({position: "absolute",top:($(window).scrollTop()+$(window).height()-$("#pageFooterOuter").height())+"px"})
}
}
$(window)
.scroll(positionFooter)
.resize(positionFooter)
});
Do you have a DOCTYPE declaration in the top of your HTML?
If so, there is a good chance I have a solution for you.
I was trying to do a height:100% table or div (assuming this is a basic cornerstone to the expanding footer feature)
No matter what I did, the 100% height didn't work! the elements just didn't stretch...
I narrowed it down to a very basic HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Test1</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="border: 2px solid red; height: 100%">Hello
World</div>
</body>
</html>
but the DIV didn't stretch all the way down (the 100% was ignored). This was true also for tables with plain height="100%" attribute.
As a desperate last result guess, I removed the DOCTYPE row, resulting in this code
<html>
<head>
<title>Test1</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="border: 2px solid red; height: 100%">Hello
World</div>
</body>
</html>
And it worked!
I'm sure there is a good explanation, but I really didn't care since it solved the problem
Update
See related question (asked by me)
Depends on what you want to do. I you want it to be always visible on the bottom of your screen, you should use
div.footer{
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
}
Be sure to get some padding on the bottom of your body (or container, so that people can actually scroll to the bottom of the text). The main problem here is that when resizing everything it will overlap.
If you just want to have a footer that has a background-image / colour that stretches all the way till the end (for pages that are not fullpage height) you could try to use a faux column principle or even try to give your body the background colour of your footer and fix the header / content background.
Today I stumbled across this page:
http://www.xs4all.nl/~peterned/examples/csslayout1.html
Could be helpfull
I came up with a fairly simple solution that doesn't use any CSS height hacks or any of that.
You just set your <body> with the background you want the footer to have, and then put everything besides the footer in a <div> with the properties you would normally give to the body tag.
This gets the footer to "extend" its color to the bottom of the page when there is short dynamic content without expanding it needlessly when there is a lot of dynamic content. The "virtual body" div can still have a gradient followed by a solid color, and the footer's background is hiding in the body tag, only showing up on short pages. (Works great if you need a solid color to continue after your footer gradient ends, or if you just need the background to match the footer color)
CSS
body {background-color: #000; }
#primary_container { background: #FFF url('/images/bgvert.png'); background-repeat: repeat-x; }
#footer { background: #000; }
HTML
<body>
<div id="primary_container">
<!-- most content, can be short or long -->
</div>
<div id="footer">
<!-- if primary content + footer is less than browser height, body background color
displays below this. If it is more, you get normal scroll behavior to the end
of footer and body background color is never seen -->
</div>
</body>