My data contains hour & minute of time and I want to load this data into MySql database.
Sample Data: 305 -- This means Hours=03 & Minutes=05
But when I upload the data into MySql column of type TIME, it is stored as 00:03:05 (HH:MM:SS).
Whereas, I want it to be stored as 03:05:00.
I can make changes to my data using Python & then load into MySql. However, I was wondering if there is a way to do it using MySql itself.
It is not up to MySQL to guess what you mean by "305". It's up to you to convert/format yor data to "03:05:00", then MySQL will undertand it properly.
insert into try (elasp) values ("03:05:00")
See MySQL documentation: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/time.html
While converting to TIME datatype the numeric value is assumed to have HHMMSS format.
MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual / ... / The TIME Type:
Be careful about assigning abbreviated values to a TIME column. MySQL interprets abbreviated TIME values with colons as time of the day. That is, '11:12' means '11:12:00', not '00:11:12'. MySQL interprets abbreviated values without colons using the assumption that the two rightmost digits represent seconds (that is, as elapsed time rather than as time of day). For example, you might think of '1112' and 1112 as meaning '11:12:00' (12 minutes after 11 o'clock), but MySQL interprets them as '00:11:12' (11 minutes, 12 seconds). Similarly, '12' and 12 are interpreted as '00:00:12'.
If you want to use HHMM format during convertion then simply multiply the value by 100.
CREATE TABLE test (int_source INT, time_destination TIME);
INSERT INTO test (int_source) VALUES ('305');
SELECT * FROM test;
UPDATE test SET time_destination = int_source * 100;
SELECT * FROM test;
✓
✓
int_source | time_destination
---------: | :---------------
305 | null
✓
int_source | time_destination
---------: | :---------------
305 | 03:05:00
db<>fiddle here
Or, if the value to be converted to TIME datatype has some string type you may concatenate '00' to it:
SET time_destination = CONCAT(int_source, '00')
I insert and update mysql time_format function to express string value in time,
Why do some numbers get
"truncated incorrect time value"
errors?
For example, '55' is not a problem with query, but when '188' is entered, the above error message appears.
The type is VARCHAR (50).
my query :
INSERT INTO TABLE_HOME (DURATION)
VALUES (TIME_FORMAT (# {DURATION, jdbcType = VARCHAR}, '% H:% i:% s'))
UPDATE TABLE_HOME SET DURATION = TIME_FORMAT (# {DURATION, jdbcType = VARCHAR}, '% H:% i:% s')
Time_Format not all integers are valid..
188 is not a valid time anymore
Even where you placed it:
"%H= Hour => 188?
%i=Minute => 188?
%s"=Second => 188?
Do you think 188 is a valid time of an Hour, Minute, Second?
TIME_FORMAT() expects a time. If you feed it with anything else, you first get a cast. In this case:
mysql> SELECT CAST(55 AS TIME), CAST(188 AS TIME);
+------------------+-------------------+
| CAST(55 AS TIME) | CAST(188 AS TIME) |
+------------------+-------------------+
| 00:00:55 | NULL |
+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
The rules are:
MySQL recognizes TIME values in these formats:
As a string in 'D HH:MM:SS' format. You can also use one of the following “relaxed” syntaxes: 'HH:MM:SS', 'HH:MM', 'D HH:MM', 'D HH',
or 'SS'. Here D represents days and can have a value from 0 to 34.
As a string with no delimiters in 'HHMMSS' format, provided that it makes sense as a time. For example, '101112' is understood as
'10:11:12', but '109712' is illegal (it has a nonsensical minute part)
and becomes '00:00:00'.
As a number in HHMMSS format, provided that it makes sense as a time. For example, 101112 is understood as '10:11:12'. The following
alternative formats are also understood: SS, MMSS, or HHMMSS.
In this case, #3 applies:
55 is rendered as SS so it's valid.
188 is not a supported format so it produces NULL.
Date and time handling is already hard enough. I suggest to:
Be explicit to avoid ambiguity (something like 23:30:45 is crystal clear, 188 is open to interpretations).
Not use VARCHAR columns to store dates and times.
I have a MySQL database, which I cannot alter, where I read date from. The issue is that I have a varchar column that stores a date. The date is stored in the atomtime format eg. 2014-06-01T00:00:00+02:00.
I cannot figure how to specify the format in the STR_TO_DATE function. I tried STR_TO_DATE(Endtime, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s+02:00'), but that doesn't work.
Do anyone have a solution for this?
I am trying to run the following query (which is not working properly):
SELECT *, COUNT(*) as antal
FROM ivocall_calls
WHERE Agentname LIKE 'Vinh Nguyen'
AND Status1 = 'SALG'
AND STR_TO_DATE(Endtime, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s+02:00')
BETWEEN STR_TO_DATE('2014-06-01T00:00:00+02:00', '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s+02:00')
AND STR_TO_DATE('2014-06-30T00:00:00+02:00', '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s+02:00')
Thanks in advance.
This is probably best-addressed using a stored function to parse and convert the timestamps from the stored format into MySQL's native format, using the built-in date time math functions to do the time zone conversions.
The function below will correctly handle two formats, YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ and YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+/-HH:MM as well as correctly formed MySQL datetime literals, which will be passed through unmodified.
DELIMITER $$
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `from_iso8601_subset` $$
CREATE FUNCTION `from_iso8601_subset`(in_ts TINYTEXT) RETURNS DATETIME
DETERMINISTIC
NO SQL
BEGIN
-- this function takes an input timestamp value in a suppported subset of iso8601 values, and
-- and converts it to the equivalent MySQL datetime value, expressed in the current session's
-- time zone. Since this is also the timezone that columns in the TIMESTAMP data type expect,
-- this causes the input value to be stored correctly in the native TIMESTAMP format, which is.
-- UTC under the hood.
-- if you are taking the value here and stuffing it into a DATETIME column, you need to have your
-- session ##time_zone set to the same zone in which that column should be stored, or use
-- CONVERT(from_iso('input value'),'UTC','Your Desired Time Zone');
-- 2014-02-01T23:59:59Z --
IF (in_ts REGEXP '^[[:digit:]]{4}-[[:digit:]]{2}-[[:digit:]]{2}[T ][[:digit:]]{2}:[[:digit:]]{2}:[[:digit:]]{2}(Z|[+-][[:digit:]]{2}:[[:digit:]]{2})$') THEN
SET in_ts = REPLACE(REPLACE(in_ts, 'T', ' '), 'Z', '+00:00');
RETURN CONVERT_TZ(SUBSTRING(in_ts FROM 1 FOR 19), SUBSTRING(in_ts FROM 20 FOR 24), ##time_zone);
-- unexpected format -- let MySQL's built-in functions do the best they can; this will throw warnings
-- if the input is not a yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss datetime literal; alternately this could return NULL.
ELSE
RETURN CAST(in_ts AS DATETIME);
END IF;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
Example output:
mysql> SET ##time_zone = 'America/New_York';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> SELECT from_iso8601_subset('2014-06-01T00:00:00+02:00');
+--------------------------------------------------+
| from_iso8601_subset('2014-06-01T00:00:00+02:00') |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| 2014-05-31 18:00:00 |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)
mysql> set ##time_zone = 'UTC';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> SELECT from_iso8601_subset('2014-06-01T00:00:00+02:00');
+--------------------------------------------------+
| from_iso8601_subset('2014-06-01T00:00:00+02:00') |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| 2014-05-31 22:00:00 |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)
We assume that if the input data matches one of the patterns, then the contents of the value passed in are also going to be sane; if you give nonsense input values, you'll get some nonsense output, such as if you are using a time zone of '+99:00' but it won't fail. This function does not have any SQL injection vulnerabilities.
The code could be further-optimized, but as written, this function is efficient enough that it can evaluate several thousand expressions per second on a moderately-powered machine.
Use unix_timestamp() instead:
SELECT something, COUNT() as antal FROM ivocall_calls
WHERE Agentname LIKE 'Vinh Nguyen'
AND Status1 = 'SALG'
AND unix_timestamp(Endtime) BETWEEN
unix_timestamp('2014-06-01T00:00:00+02:00' and unix_timestamp('2014-06-30T00:00:00+02:00');
I have thousands of photos that were taken in Tanzania and I want to store the date and time each photo was taken in a MySQL database. The server, however, is located in the U.S. and I run into problems when I try to store a Tanzanian date-time that falls within the "invalid" hour during spring Daylight Savings time (in the U.S.). Tanzania doesn't do DST, so the time is an actually valid time.
Additional complications are that there are collaborators from many different timezones who will need to access the date-time values stored in the database. I want them to always come out as Tanzanian time and not in the local times that various collaborator are in.
I'm reluctant to set session times because I know that there will be problems when someone sometime forgets to set a session time and gets the times out all wrong. And I do not have authority to change anything about the server.
I've read:
Daylight saving time and time zone best practices and
MySQL datetime fields and daylight savings time -- how do I reference the "extra" hour? and
Storing datetime as UTC in PHP/MySQL
But none of them seems to address my particular problem. I'm not an SQL expert; is there a way to specify timezone when setting DATETIMEs? I haven't seen one. Otherwise, any suggestions on how to approach this issue is greatly appreciated.
Edit:
Here's an example of the problem I'm running into. I send the command:
INSERT INTO Images (CaptureEvent, SequenceNum, PathFilename, TimestampJPG)
VALUES (122,1,"S2/B04/B04_R1/IMAG0148.JPG","2011-03-13 02:49:10")
And I get the error:
Error 1292: Incorrect datetime value: '2011-03-13 02:49:10' for column 'TimestampJPG'
This date and time exists in Tanzania, but not in the U.S., where the database is.
You said:
I want them to always come out as Tanzanian time and not in the local times that various collaborator are in.
If this is the case, then you should not use UTC. All you need to do is to use a DATETIME type in MySQL instead of a TIMESTAMP type.
From the MySQL documentation:
MySQL converts TIMESTAMP values from the current time zone to UTC for storage, and back from UTC to the current time zone for retrieval. (This does not occur for other types such as DATETIME.)
If you are already using a DATETIME type, then you must be not setting it by the local time to begin with. You'll need to focus less on the database, and more on your application code - which you didn't show here. The problem, and the solution, will vary drastically depending on language, so be sure to tag the question with the appropriate language of your application code.
None of the answers here quite hit the nail on the head.
How to store a datetime in MySQL with timezone info
Use two columns: DATETIME, and a VARCHAR to hold the time zone information, which may be in several forms:
A timezone or location such as America/New_York is the highest data fidelity.
A timezone abbreviation such as PST is the next highest fidelity.
A time offset such as -2:00 is the smallest amount of data in this regard.
Some key points:
Avoid TIMESTAMP because it's limited to the year 2038, and MySQL relates it to the server timezone, which is probably undesired.
A time offset should not be stored naively in an INT field, because there are half-hour and quarter-hour offsets.
If it's important for your use case to have MySQL compare or sort these dates chronologically, DATETIME has a problem:
'2009-11-10 11:00:00 -0500' is before '2009-11-10 10:00:00 -0700' in terms of "instant in time", but they would sort the other way when inserted into a DATETIME.
You can do your own conversion to UTC. In the above example, you would then have '2009-11-10 16:00:00' and '2009-11-10 17:00:00' respectively, which would sort correctly. When retrieving the data, you would then use the timezone info to revert it to its original form.
One recommendation which I quite like is to have three columns:
local_time DATETIME
utc_time DATETIME
time_zone VARCHAR(X) where X is appropriate for what kind of data you're storing there. (I would choose 64 characters for timezone/location.)
An advantage to the 3-column approach is that it's explicit: with a single DATETIME column, you can't tell at a glance if it's been converted to UTC before insertion.
Regarding the descent of accuracy through timezone/abbreviation/offset:
If you have the user's timezone/location such as America/Juneau, you can know accurately what the wall clock time is for them at any point in the past or future (barring changes to the way Daylight Savings is handled in that location). The start/end points of DST, and whether it's used at all, are dependent upon location, so this is the only reliable way.
If you have a timezone abbreviation such as MST, (Mountain Standard Time) or a plain offset such as -0700, you will be unable to predict a wall clock time in the past or future. For example, in the United States, Colorado and Arizona both use MST, but Arizona doesn't observe DST. So if the user uploads his cat photo at 14:00 -0700 during the winter months, was he in Arizona or California? If you added six months exactly to that date, would it be 14:00 or 13:00 for the user?
These things are important to consider when your application has time, dates, or scheduling as core function.
References:
MySQL Date/Time Reference
The Proper Way to Handle Multiple Time Zones in MySQL (Disclosure: I did not read this whole article.)
MySQL stores DATETIME without timezone information. Let's say you store '2019-01-01 20:00:00' into a DATETIME field, when you retrieve that value you're expected to know what timezone it belongs to.
So in your case, when you store a value into a DATETIME field, make sure it is Tanzania time. Then when you get it out, it will be Tanzania time. Yay!
Now, the hairy question is: When I do an INSERT/UPDATE, how do I make sure the value is Tanzania time? Two cases:
You do INSERT INTO table (dateCreated) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP or NOW()).
You do INSERT INTO table (dateCreated) VALUES (?), and specify the current time from your application code.
CASE #1
MySQL will take the current time, let's say that is '2019-01-01 20:00:00' Tanzania time. Then MySQL will convert it to UTC, which comes out to '2019-01-01 17:00:00', and store that value into the field.
So how do you get the Tanzania time, which is '20:00:00', to store into the field? It's not possible. Your code will need to expect UTC time when reading from this field.
CASE #2
It depends on what type of value you pass as ?. If you pass the string '2019-01-01 20:00:00', then good for you, that's exactly what will be stored to the DB. If you pass a Date object of some kind, then it'll depend on how the db driver interprets that Date object, and ultimate what 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss' string it provides to MySQL for storage. The db driver's documentation should tell you.
All the symptoms you describe suggest that you never tell MySQL what time zone to use so it defaults to system's zone. Think about it: if all it has is '2011-03-13 02:49:10', how can it guess that it's a local Tanzanian date?
As far as I know, MySQL doesn't provide any syntax to specify time zone information in dates. You have to change it a per-connection basis; something like:
SET time_zone = 'EAT';
If this doesn't work (to use named zones you need that the server has been configured to do so and it's often not the case) you can use UTC offsets because Tanzania does not observe daylight saving time at the time of writing but of course it isn't the best option:
SET time_zone = '+03:00';
Beginning with MySQL 8.0.19, you can specify a time zone offset when inserting TIMESTAMP and DATETIME values into a table.
The offset is appended to the time part of a datetime literal, with no intervening spaces, and uses the same format used for setting the time_zone system variable, with the following exceptions:
For hour values less than 10, a leading zero is required.
The value '-00:00' is rejected.
Time zone names such as 'EET' and 'Asia/Shanghai' cannot be used; 'SYSTEM' also cannot be used in this context.
The value inserted must not have a zero for the month part, the day part, or both parts. This is enforced beginning with MySQL 8.0.22, regardless of the server SQL mode setting.
EXAMPLE:
This example illustrates inserting datetime values with time zone offsets into TIMESTAMP and DATETIME columns using different time_zone settings, and then retrieving them:
mysql> CREATE TABLE ts (
-> id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-> col TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
-> ) AUTO_INCREMENT = 1;
mysql> CREATE TABLE dt (
-> id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-> col DATETIME NOT NULL
-> ) AUTO_INCREMENT = 1;
mysql> SET ##time_zone = 'SYSTEM';
mysql> INSERT INTO ts (col) VALUES ('2020-01-01 10:10:10'),
-> ('2020-01-01 10:10:10+05:30'), ('2020-01-01 10:10:10-08:00');
mysql> SET ##time_zone = '+00:00';
mysql> INSERT INTO ts (col) VALUES ('2020-01-01 10:10:10'),
-> ('2020-01-01 10:10:10+05:30'), ('2020-01-01 10:10:10-08:00');
mysql> SET ##time_zone = 'SYSTEM';
mysql> INSERT INTO dt (col) VALUES ('2020-01-01 10:10:10'),
-> ('2020-01-01 10:10:10+05:30'), ('2020-01-01 10:10:10-08:00');
mysql> SET ##time_zone = '+00:00';
mysql> INSERT INTO dt (col) VALUES ('2020-01-01 10:10:10'),
-> ('2020-01-01 10:10:10+05:30'), ('2020-01-01 10:10:10-08:00');
mysql> SET ##time_zone = 'SYSTEM';
mysql> SELECT ##system_time_zone;
+--------------------+
| ##system_time_zone |
+--------------------+
| EST |
+--------------------+
mysql> SELECT col, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(col) FROM dt ORDER BY id;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| col | UNIX_TIMESTAMP(col) |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2020-01-01 10:10:10 | 1577891410 |
| 2019-12-31 23:40:10 | 1577853610 |
| 2020-01-01 13:10:10 | 1577902210 |
| 2020-01-01 10:10:10 | 1577891410 |
| 2020-01-01 04:40:10 | 1577871610 |
| 2020-01-01 18:10:10 | 1577920210 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
mysql> SELECT col, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(col) FROM ts ORDER BY id;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| col | UNIX_TIMESTAMP(col) |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2020-01-01 10:10:10 | 1577891410 |
| 2019-12-31 23:40:10 | 1577853610 |
| 2020-01-01 13:10:10 | 1577902210 |
| 2020-01-01 05:10:10 | 1577873410 |
| 2019-12-31 23:40:10 | 1577853610 |
| 2020-01-01 13:10:10 | 1577902210 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
Note:
Sadly, the offset is not displayed when selecting a datetime value, even if one was used when inserting it.
The range of supported offset values is -13:59 to +14:00, inclusive.
Datetime literals that include time zone offsets are accepted as parameter values by prepared statements.
MySQL converts TIMESTAMP values from the current time zone to UTC for storage, and back from UTC to the current time zone for retrieval. (This does not occur for other types such as DATETIME.)
You can't... you will find a lot of answers saying you "it is not necessary, store using UTC", but it is: you need to store datetimes with the timezone and MySQL can't...
I worked last 10 years in Postgres and all this kind of problems doesn't exist (date times and timezones are managed with no friction, you can store and compare datetimes expressed in different time zones transparently, the ISOString format is managed naturally,etc...).
I actually work in MariaDB and I can't understand why in 2022, in a globalized world, MySQL continues not supporting per value timezones.
I once also faced such an issue where i needed to save data which was used by different collaborators and i ended up storing the time in unix timestamp form which represents the number of seconds since january 1970 which is an integer format.
Example todays date and time in tanzania is Friday, September 13, 2019 9:44:01 PM which when store in unix timestamp would be 1568400241
Now when reading the data simply use something like php or any other language and extract the date from the unix timestamp. An example with php will be
echo date('m/d/Y', 1568400241);
This makes it easier even to store data with other collaborators in different locations. They can simply convert the date to unix timestamp with their own gmt offset and store it in a integer format and when outputting this simply convert with a
How to find out average timestamp the field timestamp in a table gettime
Timestamp
2010-02-08 14:17:36 | 127.0.0.1 |
2010-02-08 14:17:30 | 127.0.0.1 |
2010-02-08 14:17:30 | 127.0.0.1 |
The following query gives some number how to format it and get it in seconds.
select avg(timestamp) from gettime;
the above gives some random number .How to format this
From Overview of Date and Time Types
The SUM() and AVG() aggregate
functions do not work with temporal
values. (They convert the values to
numbers, which loses the part after
the first nonnumeric character.) To
work around this problem, you can
convert to numeric units, perform the
aggregate operation, and convert back
to a temporal value.
Examples:
SELECT SEC_TO_TIME(SUM(TIME_TO_SEC(time_col)))
FROM tbl_name;
SELECT FROM_DAYS(SUM(TO_DAYS(date_col))) FROM
tbl_name;