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I have the following page (deadlink: http://www.workingstorage.com/Sample.htm ) that has a footer which I can't make sit at the bottom of the page.
I want the footer to
stick to the window bottom when the page is short and the screen is not filled, and
stay at the document end and move down as normal when there is more than a screenful of content (instead of overlapping the content).
The CSS is inherited and befuddles me. I can't seem to change it properly to put a minimum height on the content or make the footer go to the bottom.
Below are 4 different methods of mine:
In each example the texts are freely-editable to illustrate how the content would render in different scenarios.
1) Flexbox
body{ min-height: 100vh; margin:0; }
header{ min-height:50px; background:lightcyan; }
footer{ min-height:50px; background:PapayaWhip; }
/* The article fills all the space between header & footer */
body{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; }
article{ flex:1; }
<body>
<header contentEditable>Header</header>
<article contentEditable>Content</article>
<footer contentEditable>Footer</footer>
</body>
2) Grid
body{
min-height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
}
header{
min-height:50px;
background:lightcyan;
}
footer{
min-height:50px;
background:PapayaWhip;
}
<body>
<header contentEditable>Header</header>
<article contentEditable>Content</article>
<footer contentEditable>Footer</footer>
</body>
This method below uses a "trick" by placing an ::after pseudo-element on the body, and set it to have the exact height of the footer, so it will occupy the exact same space the footer does, so when the footer is absolute positioned over it, it would appear like the footer is really taking up space and eliminate the negative affects of it's absolute positioning (for example, going over the body's content)
3) position:absolute (no dynamic footer height)
body{ min-height:100vh; margin:0; position:relative; }
header{ min-height:50px; background:lightcyan; }
footer{ background:PapayaWhip; }
/* Trick: */
body {
position: relative;
}
body::after {
content: '';
display: block;
height: 50px; /* Set same as footer's height */
}
footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 50px;
}
<body>
<header contentEditable>Header</header>
<article contentEditable>Content</article>
<footer contentEditable>Footer</footer>
</body>
4) Table-layout
html{ height:100%; }
body { min-height:100%; margin:0; }
header {
height: 50px;
background: lightcyan;
}
article {
height: 1%;
}
footer {
height: 50px;
background: PapayaWhip;
}
/**** Trick: ****/
body {
display: table;
width: 100%;
}
body > footer {
display: table-row;
}
<body>
<header contentEditable>Header</header>
<article contentEditable>Content</article>
<footer contentEditable>Footer</footer>
</body>
A simple method is to make the body 100% of your page, with a min-height of 100% too. This works fine if the height of your footer does not change.
Give the footer a negative margin-top:
footer {
clear: both;
position: relative;
height: 200px;
margin-top: -200px;
}
A very simple approach which works great cross browser is this:
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/keeping-footers-at-the-bottom-of-the-page
html,
body {
margin:0;
padding:0;
height:100%;
}
#container {
min-height:100%;
position:relative;
}
#header {
background:#ff0;
padding:10px;
}
#body {
padding:10px;
padding-bottom:60px; /* Height of the footer */
}
#footer {
position:absolute;
bottom:0;
width:100%;
height:60px; /* Height of the footer */
background:#6cf;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="header">header</div>
<div id="body">body</div>
<div id="footer">footer</div>
</div>
A very simple flex solution that does not assume fixed heights or changing position of elements.
HTML
<div class="container">
<header></header>
<main></main>
<footer></footer>
</div>
CSS
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100vh;
}
main {
flex: 1;
}
Browser Support
All major browsers, except IE11 and below.
Make sure to use Autoprefixer for appropriate prefixes.
.container {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
-webkit-box-direction: normal;
-ms-flex-direction: column;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100vh;
}
main {
-webkit-box-flex: 1;
-ms-flex: 1;
flex: 1;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////
body,
html {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
header,
main,
footer {
margin: 0;
display: block;
}
header,
footer {
min-height: 80px;
}
header {
background-color: #ccc;
}
main {
background-color: #f4f4f4;
}
footer {
background-color: orange;
}
<div class="container">
<header></header>
<main></main>
<footer></footer>
</div>
I've used this to stick my footer to the bottom and it worked for me:
HTML
<body>
<div class="allButFooter">
<!-- Your page's content goes here, including header, nav, aside, everything -->
</div>
<footer>
<!-- Footer content -->
</footer>
</body>
That's the only modification you have to do in the HTML, add that div with the "allButFooter" class. I did it with all the pages, those that were so short, I knew the footer wouldn't stick to the bottom, and also pages long enough that I already knew I had to scroll. I did this, so I could see that it works ok in the case that a page's content is dynamic.
CSS
.allButFooter {
min-height: calc(100vh - 40px);
}
The "allButFooter" class has a min-height value that depends on the viewport's height (100vh means 100% of the viewport height) and the footer's height, that I already knew was 40px.
That's all I did, and it worked perfectly for me. I haven't tried it in every browser, just Firefox, Chrome and Edge, and the results were as I wanted. The footer sticks to the bottom, and you don't have to mess with z-index, position, or any other properties. The position of every element in my document was the default position, I didn't change it to absolute or fixed or anything.
Working with responsive design
Here's something I would like to clear out. This solution, with the same Footer that was 40px high didn't work as I expected when I was working in a responsive design using Twitter-Bootstrap. I had to modify the value I was substracting in the function:
.allButFooter {
min-height: calc(100vh - 95px);
}
This is probably because Twitter-Bootstrap comes with its own margins and paddings, so that's why I had to adjust that value.
From IE7 onwards you can simply use
#footer {
position:fixed;
bottom:0;
}
See caniuse for support.
Keep the footer at the bottom by using Flexbox
<div style="min-height:100vh; display:flex; flex-direction:column;
justify-content:space-between;">
<div> <!-- Wrapper (Without footer) -->
<header>
I am a header.
</header>
<article>
I am an article!
</article>
</div> <!-- End: Wrapper (Without footer) -->
<footer>
I am a footer.
</footer>
</div>
Note
Make sure that you are wrapping everything in a <div> or any other block-level element with the following CSS styles: min-height:100vh; display:flex; flex-direction:column; justify-content:space-between; .
Make sure that you are wrapping everything but the footer element in a <div> or any other block-level element.
Make sure that you using <footer> or any other block-level element to wrap the footer.
Code Explanation
min-height: 100vh ensures that the body element will stretch to at least the full height of the screen
flex-direction: column keeps the behavior of normal document flow in terms of retaining stacked block elements (which assumes direct children of the body are all indeed block elements).
justify-content:space-between pushes the footer to the bottom of the screen.
Check out how to do the same (Keeping the footer at the bottom) by using Bootstrap 5 - Link
A simple solution that i use, works from IE8+
Give min-height:100% on html so that if content is less then still page takes full view-port height and footer sticks at bottom of page. When content increases the footer shifts down with content and keep sticking to bottom.
JS fiddle working Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/3L3h64qo/2/
Css
html{
position:relative;
min-height: 100%;
}
/*Normalize html and body elements,this style is just good to have*/
html,body{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.pageContentWrapper{
margin-bottom:100px;/* Height of footer*/
}
.footer{
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
height:100px;
background:#ccc;
}
Html
<html>
<body>
<div class="pageContentWrapper">
<!-- All the page content goes here-->
</div>
<div class="footer">
</div>
</body>
</html>
Yet, another really simple solution is this one:
html, body {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
display: table;
}
footer {
background-color: grey;
display: table-row;
height: 0;
}
jsFiddle
The trick is to use a display:table for the whole document and display:table-row with height:0 for the footer.
Since the footer is the only body child that has a display as table-row, it is rendered at the bottom of the page.
Do this
<footer style="position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%;"> </footer>
You can also read about flex it is supported by all modern browsers
Update: I read about flex and tried it. It worked for me. Hope it does the same for you. Here is how I implemented.Here main is not the ID it is the div
body {
margin: 0;
display: flex;
min-height: 100vh;
flex-direction: column;
}
main {
display: block;
flex: 1 0 auto;
}
Here you can read more about flex https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Do keep in mind it is not supported by older versions of IE.
This is known as a sticky footer. A google search for it comes up with a lot of results. A CSS Sticky Footer is the one I've used successfully. But there are more.
* {
margin: 0;
}
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
.wrapper {
min-height: 100%;
height: auto !important;
height: 100%;
margin: 0 auto -4em;
}
.footer, .push {
height: 4em;
}
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="layout.css" ... />
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<p>Your website content here.</p>
<div class="push"></div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Copyright (c) 2008</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Source for this code
This is how I solved the same issue
html {
height: 100%;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
*,
*:before,
*:after {
box-sizing: inherit;
}
body {
position: relative;
margin: 0;
padding-bottom: 6rem;
min-height: 100%;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}
.demo {
margin: 0 auto;
padding-top: 64px;
max-width: 640px;
width: 94%;
}
.footer {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
padding: 1rem;
background-color: #efefef;
text-align: center;
}
<div class="demo">
<h1>CSS “Always on the bottom” Footer</h1>
<p>I often find myself designing a website where the footer must rest at the bottom of the page, even if the content above it is too short to push it to the bottom of the viewport naturally.</p>
<p>However, if the content is taller than the user’s viewport, then the footer should disappear from view as it would normally, resting at the bottom of the page (not fixed to the viewport).</p>
<p>If you know the height of the footer, then you should set it explicitly, and set the bottom padding of the footer’s parent element to be the same value (or larger if you want some spacing).</p>
<p>This is to prevent the footer from overlapping the content above it, since it is being removed from the document flow with <code>position: absolute; </code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="footer">This footer will always be positioned at the bottom of the page, but <strong>not fixed</strong>.</div>
footer {
margin-top:calc(5% + 60px);
}
This works fine
One thing to be wary of is mobile devices, since they implement the idea of the viewport in an 'unusual' way:
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/UsingtheViewport/UsingtheViewport.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006509-SW25
As such, using position: fixed; (as I've seen recommended in other places) usually isn't the way to go. Of course, it depends upon the exact behaviour you're after.
What I've used, and has worked well on desktop and mobile, is:
<body>
<div id="footer"></div>
</body>
with
body {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
}
I just answered as similar question in here:
Position footer at bottom of page having fixed header
I'm pretty new at web development, and I know this has been answered already, but this is the easiest way I found to solve it and I think is somehow different. I wanted something flexible because the footer of my web app has a dynamic height, I ended up using FlexBox and a spacer.
Start by setting the height for your html and body
html, body {
height: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
margin: 0px;
}
I'm assuming a column behavior for our app, in the case you need to add a header, hero or any content vertically aligned.
Create the spacer class
.spacer {
flex: 1;
}
So later on your HTML could be something like
<html>
<body>
<header> Header </header>
Some content...
<div class='spacer'></div>
<footer> Footer </footer>
</body>
</html>
You can play with it here
https://codepen.io/anon/pen/xmGZQL
Works for me.
#container{
height:100vh;
margin:0;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
}
#footer{
margin-top:auto;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="header">header</div>
<div id="body">body</div>
<div id="footer">footer</div>
</div>
#container{
height:100vh;
margin:0;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
}
#footer{
margin-top:auto;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="header">header</div>
<div id="body">body</div>
<div id="footer">footer</div>
</div>
My jQuery method, this one puts the footer at the bottom of the page if the page content is less than the window height, or just puts the footer after the content otherwise:
Also, keeping the code in it's own enclosure before other code will reduce the time it takes to reposition the footer.
(function() {
$('.footer').css('position', $(document).height() > $(window).height() ? "inherit" : "fixed");
})();
I achieved that using CSS grid, basically I defined 3 rows:
Header
content
footer
And the used grid to define the sizes, the trick is to align the footer at the end of the row, like this:
CSS
body {
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: auto auto auto;
}
footer {
display: grid;
align-self: end; /* The trick */
}
HTML file
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Untitled Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
Header content
</header>
<h1>main body</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<footer>
<p>Hello there.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
You can use more rows but remember to add the to the CSS, or wrap everything inside a div.
This guide here really helped me figure this out.
You need to use position: absolute; this is important, then bottom:0
.footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
ONE line solution using Bootstrap
Apart from all the CSS and jQuery solutions provided,
I have listed a solution using Bootstrap with a single class declaration on body tag: d-flex flex-column justify-content-between
This DOES NOT require knowing the height of the footer ahead of time.
This DOES NOT require setting position absolute.
This WORKS with dynamic divs that overflow on smaller screens.
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-9aIt2nRpC12Uk9gS9baDl411NQApFmC26EwAOH8WgZl5MYYxFfc+NcPb1dKGj7Sk" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-between text-white text-center">
<header class="p-5 bg-dark">
<h1>Header</h1>
</header>
<main class="p-5 bg-primary">
<h1>Main</h1>
</main>
<footer class="p-5 bg-warning">
<h1>Footer</h1>
</footer>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js#1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-OgVRvuATP1z7JjHLkuOU7Xw704+h835Lr+6QL9UvYjZE3Ipu6Tp75j7Bh/kR0JKI" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>
I consider you can set the main content to viewport height, so if the content exceeds, the height of the main content will define the position of the footer
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
width: 100%;
}
body {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
header {
height: 50px;
background: red;
}
main {
background: blue;
/* This is the most important part*/
height: 100vh;
}
footer{
background: black;
height: 50px;
bottom: 0;
}
<header></header>
<main></main>
<footer></footer>
I have myself been looking into this problem. I have seen quite a few solutions and each of them had issues, often involving some magic numbers.
So using best practices from various sources I came up with this solution:
http://jsfiddle.net/vfSM3/248/
The thing I wanted to achieve specifically here was to get the main content to scroll between footer and header inside green area.
Here is a simple CSS:
html, body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
header {
height: 4em;
background-color: red;
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
}
.content {
background: white;
position: absolute;
top: 5em;
bottom: 5em;
overflow: auto;
}
.contentinner {
}
.container {
height: 100%;
margin: -4em 0 -2em 0;
background: green;
position: relative;
overflow: auto;
}
footer {
height: 2em;
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
background-color: yellow;
}
What I did
Html
<div>
<div class="register">
/* your content*/
</div>
<div class="footer" />
<div/>
CSS
.register {
min-height : calc(100vh - 10rem);
}
.footer {
height: 10rem;
}
Don't need to use position fixed and absolute. Just write the html in proper way.
You can do this
.footer {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
padding: 1rem;
text-align: center;
}
Position fixed with bottom, left, and right set to 0 works best for me:
.footer {
position: fixed;
background : #d1ccc0;
bottom : 0;
left : 0;
right : 0;
height : 50px;
}
Position absolute doesn't stick to the bottom, but fixed does.
Just customize the footer section
.footer
{
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
padding: 1rem;
text-align: center;
}
<div class="footer">
Footer is always bootom
</div>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="page-container">
<div id="content-wrap">
<!-- all other page content -->
</div>
<footer id="footer"></footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
#page-container {
position: relative;
min-height: 100vh;
}
#content-wrap {
padding-bottom: 2.5rem; /* Footer height */
}
#footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 2.5rem; /* Footer height */
}
It's actually very simple. This solution doesn't require to know footer height.
<body>
<div class="app">
Website
</div>
<div class="footer">
Footer
</div>
</body>
.app {
min-height: 100vh;
}
In comparisson to other solutions, one does not need to add extra containers. Therefor this solution is a bit more elegant. Beneath the code example I'll explain why this works.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>test</title>
<style>
html
{
height:100%;
}
body
{
min-height:100%;
padding:0; /*not needed, but otherwise header and footer tags have padding and margin*/
margin:0; /*see above comment*/
}
body
{
position:relative;
padding-bottom:60px; /* Same height as the footer. */
}
footer
{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
height: 60px;
background-color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>header</header>
<footer>footer</footer>
</body>
</html>
So the first thing we do, is make the biggest container( html ) 100%. The html page is as big as the page itself. Next we set the body height, it can be bigger than the 100% of the html tag, but it should at least be as big, therefore we use min-height 100%.
We also make the body relative. Relative means you can move the block element around relative from its original position. We don't use that here though. Because relative has a second use. Any absolute element is either absolute to the root (html) or to the first relative parent/grandparent. That's what we want, we want the footer to be absolute, relative to the body, namely the bottom.
The last step is to set the footer to absolute and bottom:0, which moves it to the bottom of the first parent/grandparent that is relative ( body ofcourse ).
Now we still have one problem to fix, when we fill the complete page, the content goes beneath the footer. Why? Well, because the footer is no longer inside the "html flow", because it is absolute. So how do we fix this? We will add padding-bottom to the body. This makes sure the body is actually bigger than it's content.
While I found many similar answers, the only solution that I could find where the footer was always at the bottom and did not display over the existing data was the following:
footer {
position: relative;
clear: both;
}
I'm trying to get my footer displayed at the bottom of the page. Usually it's just position: fixed and bottom: 0. However I want my footer positioned inside a container (section element), so when the size of my sidebar at the left changes, I want my footer be also moved to the right or left.
I thought I could get use of position: sticky instead of width, but when there's not enough content inside of section element, it is displayed at the bottom of the section, but not at the bottom of the page.
Is there a pure CSS solution for this or have I add some javascript?
body {
margin: 0;
}
.page-body {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 7rem calc(100vw - 7rem);
}
.sidebar {
background-color: yellow;
}
section {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
min-height: 100vh;
background-color: green;
}
.content {
padding-top: 400px;
}
footer {
position: -webkit-sticky;
position: sticky;
bottom: 10px;
background-color: blue;
z-index: 999;
padding: 0;
}
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div class="page-body">
<div class="sidebar">
</div>
<section>
<div>
<div class="content">
Content
</div>
</div>
<footer>
Footer
</footer>
</section>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Remove the padding-top on the .content class add height 100vh to it and remove the bottom:10px on footer can solve your problem
.content {
height:100vh;
}
I have the following page (deadlink: http://www.workingstorage.com/Sample.htm ) that has a footer which I can't make sit at the bottom of the page.
I want the footer to
stick to the window bottom when the page is short and the screen is not filled, and
stay at the document end and move down as normal when there is more than a screenful of content (instead of overlapping the content).
The CSS is inherited and befuddles me. I can't seem to change it properly to put a minimum height on the content or make the footer go to the bottom.
Below are 4 different methods of mine:
In each example the texts are freely-editable to illustrate how the content would render in different scenarios.
1) Flexbox
body{ min-height: 100vh; margin:0; }
header{ min-height:50px; background:lightcyan; }
footer{ min-height:50px; background:PapayaWhip; }
/* The article fills all the space between header & footer */
body{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; }
article{ flex:1; }
<body>
<header contentEditable>Header</header>
<article contentEditable>Content</article>
<footer contentEditable>Footer</footer>
</body>
2) Grid
body{
min-height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
}
header{
min-height:50px;
background:lightcyan;
}
footer{
min-height:50px;
background:PapayaWhip;
}
<body>
<header contentEditable>Header</header>
<article contentEditable>Content</article>
<footer contentEditable>Footer</footer>
</body>
This method below uses a "trick" by placing an ::after pseudo-element on the body, and set it to have the exact height of the footer, so it will occupy the exact same space the footer does, so when the footer is absolute positioned over it, it would appear like the footer is really taking up space and eliminate the negative affects of it's absolute positioning (for example, going over the body's content)
3) position:absolute (no dynamic footer height)
body{ min-height:100vh; margin:0; position:relative; }
header{ min-height:50px; background:lightcyan; }
footer{ background:PapayaWhip; }
/* Trick: */
body {
position: relative;
}
body::after {
content: '';
display: block;
height: 50px; /* Set same as footer's height */
}
footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 50px;
}
<body>
<header contentEditable>Header</header>
<article contentEditable>Content</article>
<footer contentEditable>Footer</footer>
</body>
4) Table-layout
html{ height:100%; }
body { min-height:100%; margin:0; }
header {
height: 50px;
background: lightcyan;
}
article {
height: 1%;
}
footer {
height: 50px;
background: PapayaWhip;
}
/**** Trick: ****/
body {
display: table;
width: 100%;
}
body > footer {
display: table-row;
}
<body>
<header contentEditable>Header</header>
<article contentEditable>Content</article>
<footer contentEditable>Footer</footer>
</body>
A simple method is to make the body 100% of your page, with a min-height of 100% too. This works fine if the height of your footer does not change.
Give the footer a negative margin-top:
footer {
clear: both;
position: relative;
height: 200px;
margin-top: -200px;
}
A very simple approach which works great cross browser is this:
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/keeping-footers-at-the-bottom-of-the-page
html,
body {
margin:0;
padding:0;
height:100%;
}
#container {
min-height:100%;
position:relative;
}
#header {
background:#ff0;
padding:10px;
}
#body {
padding:10px;
padding-bottom:60px; /* Height of the footer */
}
#footer {
position:absolute;
bottom:0;
width:100%;
height:60px; /* Height of the footer */
background:#6cf;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="header">header</div>
<div id="body">body</div>
<div id="footer">footer</div>
</div>
A very simple flex solution that does not assume fixed heights or changing position of elements.
HTML
<div class="container">
<header></header>
<main></main>
<footer></footer>
</div>
CSS
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100vh;
}
main {
flex: 1;
}
Browser Support
All major browsers, except IE11 and below.
Make sure to use Autoprefixer for appropriate prefixes.
.container {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
-webkit-box-direction: normal;
-ms-flex-direction: column;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100vh;
}
main {
-webkit-box-flex: 1;
-ms-flex: 1;
flex: 1;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////
body,
html {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
header,
main,
footer {
margin: 0;
display: block;
}
header,
footer {
min-height: 80px;
}
header {
background-color: #ccc;
}
main {
background-color: #f4f4f4;
}
footer {
background-color: orange;
}
<div class="container">
<header></header>
<main></main>
<footer></footer>
</div>
I've used this to stick my footer to the bottom and it worked for me:
HTML
<body>
<div class="allButFooter">
<!-- Your page's content goes here, including header, nav, aside, everything -->
</div>
<footer>
<!-- Footer content -->
</footer>
</body>
That's the only modification you have to do in the HTML, add that div with the "allButFooter" class. I did it with all the pages, those that were so short, I knew the footer wouldn't stick to the bottom, and also pages long enough that I already knew I had to scroll. I did this, so I could see that it works ok in the case that a page's content is dynamic.
CSS
.allButFooter {
min-height: calc(100vh - 40px);
}
The "allButFooter" class has a min-height value that depends on the viewport's height (100vh means 100% of the viewport height) and the footer's height, that I already knew was 40px.
That's all I did, and it worked perfectly for me. I haven't tried it in every browser, just Firefox, Chrome and Edge, and the results were as I wanted. The footer sticks to the bottom, and you don't have to mess with z-index, position, or any other properties. The position of every element in my document was the default position, I didn't change it to absolute or fixed or anything.
Working with responsive design
Here's something I would like to clear out. This solution, with the same Footer that was 40px high didn't work as I expected when I was working in a responsive design using Twitter-Bootstrap. I had to modify the value I was substracting in the function:
.allButFooter {
min-height: calc(100vh - 95px);
}
This is probably because Twitter-Bootstrap comes with its own margins and paddings, so that's why I had to adjust that value.
From IE7 onwards you can simply use
#footer {
position:fixed;
bottom:0;
}
See caniuse for support.
Keep the footer at the bottom by using Flexbox
<div style="min-height:100vh; display:flex; flex-direction:column;
justify-content:space-between;">
<div> <!-- Wrapper (Without footer) -->
<header>
I am a header.
</header>
<article>
I am an article!
</article>
</div> <!-- End: Wrapper (Without footer) -->
<footer>
I am a footer.
</footer>
</div>
Note
Make sure that you are wrapping everything in a <div> or any other block-level element with the following CSS styles: min-height:100vh; display:flex; flex-direction:column; justify-content:space-between; .
Make sure that you are wrapping everything but the footer element in a <div> or any other block-level element.
Make sure that you using <footer> or any other block-level element to wrap the footer.
Code Explanation
min-height: 100vh ensures that the body element will stretch to at least the full height of the screen
flex-direction: column keeps the behavior of normal document flow in terms of retaining stacked block elements (which assumes direct children of the body are all indeed block elements).
justify-content:space-between pushes the footer to the bottom of the screen.
Check out how to do the same (Keeping the footer at the bottom) by using Bootstrap 5 - Link
A simple solution that i use, works from IE8+
Give min-height:100% on html so that if content is less then still page takes full view-port height and footer sticks at bottom of page. When content increases the footer shifts down with content and keep sticking to bottom.
JS fiddle working Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/3L3h64qo/2/
Css
html{
position:relative;
min-height: 100%;
}
/*Normalize html and body elements,this style is just good to have*/
html,body{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.pageContentWrapper{
margin-bottom:100px;/* Height of footer*/
}
.footer{
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
height:100px;
background:#ccc;
}
Html
<html>
<body>
<div class="pageContentWrapper">
<!-- All the page content goes here-->
</div>
<div class="footer">
</div>
</body>
</html>
Yet, another really simple solution is this one:
html, body {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
display: table;
}
footer {
background-color: grey;
display: table-row;
height: 0;
}
jsFiddle
The trick is to use a display:table for the whole document and display:table-row with height:0 for the footer.
Since the footer is the only body child that has a display as table-row, it is rendered at the bottom of the page.
Do this
<footer style="position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%;"> </footer>
You can also read about flex it is supported by all modern browsers
Update: I read about flex and tried it. It worked for me. Hope it does the same for you. Here is how I implemented.Here main is not the ID it is the div
body {
margin: 0;
display: flex;
min-height: 100vh;
flex-direction: column;
}
main {
display: block;
flex: 1 0 auto;
}
Here you can read more about flex https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Do keep in mind it is not supported by older versions of IE.
This is known as a sticky footer. A google search for it comes up with a lot of results. A CSS Sticky Footer is the one I've used successfully. But there are more.
* {
margin: 0;
}
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
.wrapper {
min-height: 100%;
height: auto !important;
height: 100%;
margin: 0 auto -4em;
}
.footer, .push {
height: 4em;
}
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="layout.css" ... />
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<p>Your website content here.</p>
<div class="push"></div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Copyright (c) 2008</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Source for this code
This is how I solved the same issue
html {
height: 100%;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
*,
*:before,
*:after {
box-sizing: inherit;
}
body {
position: relative;
margin: 0;
padding-bottom: 6rem;
min-height: 100%;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}
.demo {
margin: 0 auto;
padding-top: 64px;
max-width: 640px;
width: 94%;
}
.footer {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
padding: 1rem;
background-color: #efefef;
text-align: center;
}
<div class="demo">
<h1>CSS “Always on the bottom” Footer</h1>
<p>I often find myself designing a website where the footer must rest at the bottom of the page, even if the content above it is too short to push it to the bottom of the viewport naturally.</p>
<p>However, if the content is taller than the user’s viewport, then the footer should disappear from view as it would normally, resting at the bottom of the page (not fixed to the viewport).</p>
<p>If you know the height of the footer, then you should set it explicitly, and set the bottom padding of the footer’s parent element to be the same value (or larger if you want some spacing).</p>
<p>This is to prevent the footer from overlapping the content above it, since it is being removed from the document flow with <code>position: absolute; </code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="footer">This footer will always be positioned at the bottom of the page, but <strong>not fixed</strong>.</div>
footer {
margin-top:calc(5% + 60px);
}
This works fine
One thing to be wary of is mobile devices, since they implement the idea of the viewport in an 'unusual' way:
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/UsingtheViewport/UsingtheViewport.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006509-SW25
As such, using position: fixed; (as I've seen recommended in other places) usually isn't the way to go. Of course, it depends upon the exact behaviour you're after.
What I've used, and has worked well on desktop and mobile, is:
<body>
<div id="footer"></div>
</body>
with
body {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
}
I just answered as similar question in here:
Position footer at bottom of page having fixed header
I'm pretty new at web development, and I know this has been answered already, but this is the easiest way I found to solve it and I think is somehow different. I wanted something flexible because the footer of my web app has a dynamic height, I ended up using FlexBox and a spacer.
Start by setting the height for your html and body
html, body {
height: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
margin: 0px;
}
I'm assuming a column behavior for our app, in the case you need to add a header, hero or any content vertically aligned.
Create the spacer class
.spacer {
flex: 1;
}
So later on your HTML could be something like
<html>
<body>
<header> Header </header>
Some content...
<div class='spacer'></div>
<footer> Footer </footer>
</body>
</html>
You can play with it here
https://codepen.io/anon/pen/xmGZQL
Works for me.
#container{
height:100vh;
margin:0;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
}
#footer{
margin-top:auto;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="header">header</div>
<div id="body">body</div>
<div id="footer">footer</div>
</div>
#container{
height:100vh;
margin:0;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
}
#footer{
margin-top:auto;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="header">header</div>
<div id="body">body</div>
<div id="footer">footer</div>
</div>
My jQuery method, this one puts the footer at the bottom of the page if the page content is less than the window height, or just puts the footer after the content otherwise:
Also, keeping the code in it's own enclosure before other code will reduce the time it takes to reposition the footer.
(function() {
$('.footer').css('position', $(document).height() > $(window).height() ? "inherit" : "fixed");
})();
I achieved that using CSS grid, basically I defined 3 rows:
Header
content
footer
And the used grid to define the sizes, the trick is to align the footer at the end of the row, like this:
CSS
body {
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: auto auto auto;
}
footer {
display: grid;
align-self: end; /* The trick */
}
HTML file
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Untitled Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
Header content
</header>
<h1>main body</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<footer>
<p>Hello there.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
You can use more rows but remember to add the to the CSS, or wrap everything inside a div.
This guide here really helped me figure this out.
You need to use position: absolute; this is important, then bottom:0
.footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
ONE line solution using Bootstrap
Apart from all the CSS and jQuery solutions provided,
I have listed a solution using Bootstrap with a single class declaration on body tag: d-flex flex-column justify-content-between
This DOES NOT require knowing the height of the footer ahead of time.
This DOES NOT require setting position absolute.
This WORKS with dynamic divs that overflow on smaller screens.
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-9aIt2nRpC12Uk9gS9baDl411NQApFmC26EwAOH8WgZl5MYYxFfc+NcPb1dKGj7Sk" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-between text-white text-center">
<header class="p-5 bg-dark">
<h1>Header</h1>
</header>
<main class="p-5 bg-primary">
<h1>Main</h1>
</main>
<footer class="p-5 bg-warning">
<h1>Footer</h1>
</footer>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js#1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-OgVRvuATP1z7JjHLkuOU7Xw704+h835Lr+6QL9UvYjZE3Ipu6Tp75j7Bh/kR0JKI" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>
I consider you can set the main content to viewport height, so if the content exceeds, the height of the main content will define the position of the footer
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
width: 100%;
}
body {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
header {
height: 50px;
background: red;
}
main {
background: blue;
/* This is the most important part*/
height: 100vh;
}
footer{
background: black;
height: 50px;
bottom: 0;
}
<header></header>
<main></main>
<footer></footer>
I have myself been looking into this problem. I have seen quite a few solutions and each of them had issues, often involving some magic numbers.
So using best practices from various sources I came up with this solution:
http://jsfiddle.net/vfSM3/248/
The thing I wanted to achieve specifically here was to get the main content to scroll between footer and header inside green area.
Here is a simple CSS:
html, body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
header {
height: 4em;
background-color: red;
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
}
.content {
background: white;
position: absolute;
top: 5em;
bottom: 5em;
overflow: auto;
}
.contentinner {
}
.container {
height: 100%;
margin: -4em 0 -2em 0;
background: green;
position: relative;
overflow: auto;
}
footer {
height: 2em;
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
background-color: yellow;
}
What I did
Html
<div>
<div class="register">
/* your content*/
</div>
<div class="footer" />
<div/>
CSS
.register {
min-height : calc(100vh - 10rem);
}
.footer {
height: 10rem;
}
Don't need to use position fixed and absolute. Just write the html in proper way.
You can do this
.footer {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
padding: 1rem;
text-align: center;
}
Position fixed with bottom, left, and right set to 0 works best for me:
.footer {
position: fixed;
background : #d1ccc0;
bottom : 0;
left : 0;
right : 0;
height : 50px;
}
Position absolute doesn't stick to the bottom, but fixed does.
Just customize the footer section
.footer
{
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
padding: 1rem;
text-align: center;
}
<div class="footer">
Footer is always bootom
</div>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="page-container">
<div id="content-wrap">
<!-- all other page content -->
</div>
<footer id="footer"></footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
#page-container {
position: relative;
min-height: 100vh;
}
#content-wrap {
padding-bottom: 2.5rem; /* Footer height */
}
#footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 2.5rem; /* Footer height */
}
It's actually very simple. This solution doesn't require to know footer height.
<body>
<div class="app">
Website
</div>
<div class="footer">
Footer
</div>
</body>
.app {
min-height: 100vh;
}
In comparisson to other solutions, one does not need to add extra containers. Therefor this solution is a bit more elegant. Beneath the code example I'll explain why this works.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>test</title>
<style>
html
{
height:100%;
}
body
{
min-height:100%;
padding:0; /*not needed, but otherwise header and footer tags have padding and margin*/
margin:0; /*see above comment*/
}
body
{
position:relative;
padding-bottom:60px; /* Same height as the footer. */
}
footer
{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
height: 60px;
background-color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>header</header>
<footer>footer</footer>
</body>
</html>
So the first thing we do, is make the biggest container( html ) 100%. The html page is as big as the page itself. Next we set the body height, it can be bigger than the 100% of the html tag, but it should at least be as big, therefore we use min-height 100%.
We also make the body relative. Relative means you can move the block element around relative from its original position. We don't use that here though. Because relative has a second use. Any absolute element is either absolute to the root (html) or to the first relative parent/grandparent. That's what we want, we want the footer to be absolute, relative to the body, namely the bottom.
The last step is to set the footer to absolute and bottom:0, which moves it to the bottom of the first parent/grandparent that is relative ( body ofcourse ).
Now we still have one problem to fix, when we fill the complete page, the content goes beneath the footer. Why? Well, because the footer is no longer inside the "html flow", because it is absolute. So how do we fix this? We will add padding-bottom to the body. This makes sure the body is actually bigger than it's content.
While I found many similar answers, the only solution that I could find where the footer was always at the bottom and did not display over the existing data was the following:
footer {
position: relative;
clear: both;
}
Goal: I am trying to implement a CSS footer as described on this page.
Problem: The footer doesn't touch the right edge of the page.
I have stripped down my page to the following simplest case that still exhibits this problem:
HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.0/jquery.min.js" ></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="my.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="row footer">
</div> <!-- end of row footer -->
</body>
</html>
CSS:
html {
height: 100%; /* the footer needs this */
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
position: relative;
padding-top: 80px;
padding-bottom: 100px; /* the footer needs this */
min-height: 100%; /* the footer needs this */
}
.footer { /* footer trick learned from https://codepen.io/cbracco/pen/zekgx */
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100px;
background-color: #eee;
}
How can I make the footer extend all the way to the right? At first I thought this was related to Boostrap (which I am using in the "real" version of the page), but that doesn't seem to be the cause.
I have tried adding "padding-right: 0;" to the footer class but it had no effect.
Your footer has a row class which adds a margin-left: -15px; margin-right: -15px to your footer. (It's from Bootstrap) Causing the gap.
You can either add a left: 15px; right: 15px to the footer or remove the row class.
See: https://jsfiddle.net/vw489p0n/2/
.footer {
margin:0;
}
give margin:0 to your row footer class.
or give your body to margin:0
Remove body padding and add footer css below.
body {
position: relative;
margin: 0;
padding-bottom: 6rem;/* remove padding*/
min-height: 100%;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}
.footer {
padding: 1rem;
background-color: #efefef;
text-align: center;
}
You almost got this:
Html
<div class="row nopadding">
<div class="col-md-12 nopadding">
<div class=" footer">
<div class="col-md-6">
<!--links-->
</div><!-- end of col-6-->
<div class="col-md-6">
<!--Contact-->
</div><!-- end of col-6-->
</div> <!-- end of footer -->
</div> <!-- end of col-12-->
</div> <!-- end of row-->
CSS:
html {
height: 100%; /* the footer needs this */
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
position: relative;
padding-top: 80px;
padding-bottom: 100px; /* the footer needs this */
min-height: 100%; /* the footer needs this */
margin:0;
}
.footer { /* footer trick learned from https://codepen.io/cbracco/pen/zekgx */
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100px;
background-color: #009688;
}
.nopadding{
margin:0 !important;
padding:0 !important;
}
DEMO : https://jsfiddle.net/edfyv1e3/1/
According to Bootstrap, you're running into a little issue. In the Bootstrap docs they're sainy: Always wrap your row elements inside a container. This has to be done because the row class adds a margin to it's childs. To avoid (or let's say negate) that, you need to wrap them in a container.
So your markup should look like this:
<div class="container">
<div class="row footer">
</div>
<!-- end of row footer -->
</div>
There isn't any other modification necessary.
Actually User agent is applying some margin to the body by default, so if you remove that margin by adding margin attribute to body will resolve this. Please refer the below css
body {
position: relative;
padding-top: 80px;
margin : 0px;
padding-bottom: 100px; /* the footer needs this */
min-height: 100%; /* the footer needs this */
}
This question already has answers here:
Closed 10 years ago.
Possible Duplicate:
How to make the web page height to fit screen height
I've an HTML page that doesn't take up the whole screen. It just takes the size of the HTML content & the footer is not at the end of the page (as it should be)
How can I fix it?
I just need the footer to be at the end of the page.
My HTML structure is as follows:
<body>
<div id="app">
<!-- Header -->
<div id="header"></div>
<!-- Hero container -->
<div class="container">
<!-- Sub container -->
<div class="container"></div>
</div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div id='footer'></div>
</div>
</body>
My CSS is as follows:
html {
height: 100%;
}
body {
color: hsl(0, 0%, 33%);
font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 1;
background: none repeat scroll 0 0 hsl(0, 0%, 98%);
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
height: 100%;
}
* {
outline: 0 none;
}
#app {
min-height: 100%;
margin:auto;
width: 100%;
}
div,span,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,a,big,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,small,strike,strong,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tr,th,td,embed,menu,nav
{
border: 0 none;
font: inherit;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
.container {
margin: 0 auto;
position: relative;
width: 990px;
}
#footer {
margin: 100px 0 0;
}
Can anyone please guide me. I'm new to CSS. :( Stuck bad! :(
EDIT
Can it be because I have float in some of the div elements inside body?
EDIT 2
Strange thing is that even if the page is long and I scroll down, after the footer there's this small strip of white space which never goes.
When I try to select the white space with Firebug, it shows me as the element.
One way would be using Jquery to set the minimum height of the app div to be the height of the screen, which means if the content doesnt fill the screen it will still fill that height.
Something like this would probably do the trick:
$(document).ready(function() {
var screenHeight = $(document).height();
$('#app').css('min-height' , screenHeight);
});
You may need to tweak the style a bit to account for padding, but this has shown some potential in Chrome (I'm away from a windows machine right now). The trick to specifically assign "position: relative" to the container, and "min-height: 100%" to the body, otherwise it doesn't work.
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {
min-height: 100%;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#app {
min-height: 100%;
position: relative;
}
#footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
background: red;
height: 100px;
width: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<!-- Header -->
<div id="header"></div>
<!-- Hero container -->
<div class="container">
<!-- Sub container -->
<div class="container"></div>
</div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div id='footer'>Content</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
If you only want to position your footer at the bottom of the screen, you do not need to worry about the page's height:
#footer {
position:absolute;
bottom: 0;
}