I am using complex UDF on string which has produced and error: Invalid length parameter passed to the LEFT or SUBSTRING function.
Is there a way to check which row produces and error - something like:
select
UDF(arguments)
from tb
where
IsError(UDF(arguments))=TRUE
Is there something like IsError to get such bad records?
Not as far as I know.
Your best bet as I see it would be to do a cursor that can call the UDF for each row, and then you can capture the error per row.
So I'm thinking something like
(pseducode)
DECLARE CURSOR FOR YOUR TABLE
WHILE ##FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN
TRY UDF
CATCH ERROR AND LOG
END
REPORT ALL ERRORS
(this is one of the few times a cursor is good in SQL because you need to handle each row individually)
Okay, I'm only looking for a work around now. Could some one guide me?
EDIT:
Okay, So apparantly there's no way to get a function to call a dynamic procedure in MySql.
But I really need to do this select statement dynamically!
SELECT Location FROM DemoTable WHERE No_of_Hospitals > AvgCity(No_of_Hospitals)
Or find a better way to deal with this problem.
The parameters in the AvgCity() will be dynamic all the time. That's kind of compulsory. The parameter passing will be the name of a column from the DemoTable.
I need an efficient way to handle the Rules from the Rule Table and the DemoTable as I've stated below.
Its been 3 days now that i've been stuck on this.
HELP!! :s
For reference, here's the old problem i had. And the flow of everything that i've got done so far-
Old Problem:
Could some one help me out with a good way to go about this?
I'm pretty new to MySql and I can't seem to find a simple answer for this anywhere.
I have two tables that I'm working with. The first table contains a lot of columns filled with Integer values such as:
No_of_Hotels No_of_Hospitals
The second table is a Rule Table which contains a rule name followed by the actual rule.
Eg:
ID RuleName Rule
1 Example No_of_Hospitals > AvgCity(No_of_Hospitals)
The function that I have right now is:
CREATE FUNCTION AvgCity(columnName text) RETURNS float(10)
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
DECLARE columnAvg float;
SELECT AVG(columnName)
INTO columnAvg
FROM DemoTable;
RETURN (columnAvg);
END
But every time I pass a value to the function parameter - which is the name of one of the columns that I want the average for, I get a 0 in return.
I figured that this is happening because the parameter being passed into the AVG() Function is being passed as a string and not a column name.
So that's AVG("No_of_Hospitals") instead of AVG(No_of_Hospitals) which also returns 0.
How do I fix this and get a result?
I'll be executing the whole thing after the result with:
SELECT #Q:= CONCAT('SELECT Location FROM DemoTable WHERE ', Rules.Rule) FROM
Rules WHERE ID=1;
PREPARE stq FROM #Q;
EXECUTE stq;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stq;
It all goes in a SELECT statement so, I do need the AvgCity() to be a Function and NOT a Procedure.
UPDATE 1:
So I decided to put a procedure inside the function.
What i have now is this function:
CREATE FUNCTION AvgCity(colName text) RETURNS float(10)
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
DECLARE colAvg float;
CALL AvgCityProcedure(colName,colAvg);
RETURN (colAvg);
END
And this Procedure:
CREATE PROCEDURE AvgCityProcedure(
IN colName VARCHAR(100),
OUT colAvg FLOAT)
BEGIN
SET #c1 = 0.0;
SET #M:= colName;
SET #QUERY:= CONCAT('SELECT AVG(',#M,') INTO #C1 FROM DemoTable');
PREPARE stmt FROM #QUERY;
EXECUTE stmt;
SET colAvg:=#C1;
SELECT colAvg;
END
UPDATE 2: I got the procedure working!
Followed this really nice example:
My SQL Dynamic query execute and get ouput into a variable in stored procedure
But i can't seem to manage to insert any value inside colAvg.
I tried a lot of combinations with the #QUERY, but i can't find the right one.
I keep ending up with ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'NULL' at line 1
But if i remove the INTO colAvg part and just do
SELECT #QUERY:= CONCAT('SELECT AVG(',#M,') FROM DemoTable');
It totally prints the answer to screen. I need to return that to colAvg.
What am i doing wrong?
Alright! I got the Procedure working properly!
I got another problem now.
I get an error while returning values from my function to the procedure.
It says dynamic sql not allowed inside the function.
But i used the dynamic sql inside my procedure :S
Whats happening here?!
What I need it to look like in the end is:
SELECT Location FROM DemoTable WHERE No_of_Hospitals > AvgCity(No_of_Hospitals)
Could someone please set up a small bounty on this? I haven't got a single answer in more than a week now. :(
I would simply put the whole query in a string (with concat, include the table name) and execute.
Situation: Having a SQL procedure which "returns" result via "SELECT x" statements. For some reasons it is not allowed to change it to a function or changing that procedure in any way. How can I obtain the result like:
set #result = 0;
#result = call SomeProcedure(#p1, #p2);
But since it is a procedure not a function above code won't compile/work. How can I achieve that in MySQL. In C++ it works but in MySQL I found no way ...
It is not possible.
Result sets returned from select ... will always be returned to the caller of the first procedure, even if you make several levels of sub calls.
Functions return a value (but not a result set) that you can use inside other procedures or functions.
Your only option is to either set session variables or to store the result in a temporary table that the calling procedure knows about.
Here, I will show that referencing a non-existing function from another function is possible and SQL Server doesn't check it until the execution time:
USE [SomeDataBase];
SELECT dbo.Booo();
Obviously, if you don't have function Booo then an error will be generated regarding function Booo is not recognized. This isn't a surprise though!
Now, try this:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.Foo()
RETURNS INT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #Temp INT
SET #Temp = (SELECT dbo.Booo())
RETURN 1
END
Surprisingly, this scrip creates the function Foo despite the fact that the Booo function doesn't exit.
Any idea?
Why do you think that's a bug? Since the code isn't actually executed until you run the Foo function, there's a case to be made that that is the point where the check should be made.
Maybe you write your functions in a top-down manner, rather than a bottom-up manner, and you want to write the upper levels first, drilling down to specifics later.
Unless it's documented to work one way and it works another way, it's not a bug, just a disagreement between you and Microsoft :-)
If you do
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.Foo()
RETURNS INT
WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #Temp INT
SET #Temp = (SELECT dbo.Booo())
RETURN 1
END
You get your desired error and the function is not created. That does make altering the definition of dbo.Booo in the future more painful however (need to drop dbo.Foo first).
You can also use a SQL Server Data Tools project to validate things like referencing non existent objects/columns without using schemabinding.
I want to pass a table name as a parameter in a Postgres function. I tried this code:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION some_f(param character varying) RETURNS integer
AS $$
BEGIN
IF EXISTS (select * from quote_ident($1) where quote_ident($1).id=1) THEN
return 1;
END IF;
return 0;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
select some_f('table_name');
And I got this:
ERROR: syntax error at or near "."
LINE 4: ...elect * from quote_ident($1) where quote_ident($1).id=1)...
^
********** Error **********
ERROR: syntax error at or near "."
And here is the error I got when changed to this select * from quote_ident($1) tab where tab.id=1:
ERROR: column tab.id does not exist
LINE 1: ...T EXISTS (select * from quote_ident($1) tab where tab.id...
Probably, quote_ident($1) works, because without the where quote_ident($1).id=1 part I get 1, which means something is selected. Why may the first quote_ident($1) work and the second one not at the same time? And how could this be solved?
Before you go there: for only few, known tables names, it's typically simpler to avoid dynamic SQL and spell out the few code variants in separate functions or in a CASE construct.
That said, what you are trying to achieve can be simplified and improved:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION some_f(_tbl regclass, OUT result integer)
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
$func$
BEGIN
EXECUTE format('SELECT (EXISTS (SELECT FROM %s WHERE id = 1))::int', _tbl)
INTO result;
END
$func$;
Call with schema-qualified name (see below):
SELECT some_f('myschema.mytable'); -- would fail with quote_ident()
Or:
SELECT some_f('"my very uncommon table name"');
Major points
Use an OUT parameter to simplify the function. You can directly select the result of the dynamic SQL into it and be done. No need for additional variables and code.
EXISTS does exactly what you want. You get true if the row exists or false otherwise. There are various ways to do this, EXISTS is typically most efficient.
You seem to want an integer back, so I cast the boolean result from EXISTS to integer, which yields exactly what you had. I would return boolean instead.
I use the object identifier type regclass as input type for _tbl. That does everything quote_ident(_tbl) or format('%I', _tbl) would do, but better, because:
.. it prevents SQL injection just as well.
.. it fails immediately and more gracefully if the table name is invalid / does not exist / is invisible to the current user. (A regclass parameter is only applicable for existing tables.)
.. it works with schema-qualified table names, where a plain quote_ident(_tbl) or format(%I) would fail because they cannot resolve the ambiguity. You would have to pass and escape schema and table names separately.
It only works for existing tables, obviously.
I still use format(), because it simplifies the syntax (and to demonstrate how it's used), but with %s instead of %I. Typically, queries are more complex so format() helps more. For the simple example we could as well just concatenate:
EXECUTE 'SELECT (EXISTS (SELECT FROM ' || _tbl || ' WHERE id = 1))::int'
No need to table-qualify the id column while there is only a single table in the FROM list. No ambiguity possible in this example. (Dynamic) SQL commands inside EXECUTE have a separate scope, function variables or parameters are not visible there - as opposed to plain SQL commands in the function body.
Here's why you always escape user input for dynamic SQL properly:
db<>fiddle here demonstrating SQL injection
Old sqlfiddle
If at all possible, don't do this.
That's the answer—it's an anti-pattern. If the client knows the table it wants data from, then SELECT FROM ThatTable. If a database is designed in a way that this is required, it seems to be designed sub-optimally. If a data access layer needs to know whether a value exists in a table, it is easy to compose SQL in that code, and pushing this code into the database is not good.
To me this seems like installing a device inside an elevator where one can type in the number of the desired floor. After the Go button is pressed, it moves a mechanical hand over to the correct button for the desired floor and presses it. This introduces many potential issues.
Please note: there is no intention of mockery, here. My silly elevator example was *the very best device I could imagine* for succinctly pointing out issues with this technique. It adds a useless layer of indirection, moving table name choice from a caller space (using a robust and well-understood DSL, SQL) into a hybrid using obscure/bizarre server-side SQL code.
Such responsibility-splitting through movement of query construction logic into dynamic SQL makes the code harder to understand. It violates a standard and reliable convention (how a SQL query chooses what to select) in the name of custom code fraught with potential for error.
Here are detailed points on some of the potential problems with this approach:
Dynamic SQL offers the possibility of SQL injection that is hard to recognize in the front end code or the back end code alone (one must inspect them together to see this).
Stored procedures and functions can access resources that the SP/function owner has rights to but the caller doesn't. As far as I understand, without special care, then by default when you use code that produces dynamic SQL and runs it, the database executes the dynamic SQL under the rights of the caller. This means you either won't be able to use privileged objects at all, or you have to open them up to all clients, increasing the surface area of potential attack to privileged data. Setting the SP/function at creation time to always run as a particular user (in SQL Server, EXECUTE AS) may solve that problem, but makes things more complicated. This exacerbates the risk of SQL injection mentioned in the previous point, by making the dynamic SQL a very enticing attack vector.
When a developer must understand what the application code is doing in order to modify it or fix a bug, he'll find it very difficult to get the exact SQL query being executed. SQL profiler can be used, but this takes special privileges and can have negative performance effects on production systems. The executed query can be logged by the SP but this increases complexity for questionable benefit (requiring accommodating new tables, purging old data, etc.) and is quite non-obvious. In fact, some applications are architected such that the developer does not have database credentials, so it becomes almost impossible for him to actually see the query being submitted.
When an error occurs, such as when you try to select a table that doesn't exist, you'll get a message along the lines of "invalid object name" from the database. That will happen exactly the same whether you're composing the SQL in the back end or the database, but the difference is, some poor developer who's trying to troubleshoot the system has to spelunk one level deeper into yet another cave below the one where the problem exists, to dig into the wonder-procedure that Does It All to try to figure out what the problem is. Logs won't show "Error in GetWidget", it will show "Error in OneProcedureToRuleThemAllRunner". This abstraction will generally make a system worse.
An example in pseudo-C# of switching table names based on a parameter:
string sql = $"SELECT * FROM {EscapeSqlIdentifier(tableName)};"
results = connection.Execute(sql);
While this does not eliminate every possible issue imaginable, the flaws I outlined with the other technique are absent from this example.
Inside plpgsql code, The EXECUTE statement must be used for queries in which table names or columns come from variables. Also the IF EXISTS (<query>) construct is not allowed when query is dynamically generated.
Here's your function with both problems fixed:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION some_f(param character varying) RETURNS integer
AS $$
DECLARE
v int;
BEGIN
EXECUTE 'select 1 FROM ' || quote_ident(param) || ' WHERE '
|| quote_ident(param) || '.id = 1' INTO v;
IF v THEN return 1; ELSE return 0; END IF;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
I know this is an old thread, but I ran across it recently when trying to solve the same problem - in my case, for some fairly complex scripts.
Turning the entire script into dynamic SQL is not ideal. It's tedious and error-prone work, and you lose the ability to parameterize: parameters must be interpolated into constants in the SQL, with bad consequences for performance and security.
Here's a simple trick that lets you keep the SQL intact if you only need to select from your table - use dynamic SQL to create a temporary view:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION some_f(_tbl varchar) returns integer
AS $$
BEGIN
drop view if exists myview;
execute format('create temporary view myview as select * from %s', _tbl);
-- now you can reference myview in the SQL
IF EXISTS (select * from myview where myview.id=1) THEN
return 1;
END IF;
return 0;
END;
$$ language plpgsql;
The first doesn't actually "work" in the sense that you mean, it works only in so far as it does not generate an error.
Try SELECT * FROM quote_ident('table_that_does_not_exist');, and you will see why your function returns 1: the select is returning a table with one column (named quote_ident) with one row (the variable $1 or in this particular case table_that_does_not_exist).
What you want to do will require dynamic SQL, which is actually the place that the quote_* functions are meant to be used.
If the question was to test if the table is empty or not (id=1), here is a simplified version of Erwin's stored proc :
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION isEmpty(tableName text, OUT zeroIfEmpty integer) AS
$func$
BEGIN
EXECUTE format('SELECT COALESCE ((SELECT 1 FROM %s LIMIT 1),0)', tableName)
INTO zeroIfEmpty;
END
$func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
If you want table name, column name and value to be dynamically passed to function as parameter
use this code
create or replace function total_rows(tbl_name text, column_name text, value int)
returns integer as $total$
declare
total integer;
begin
EXECUTE format('select count(*) from %s WHERE %s = %s', tbl_name, column_name, value) INTO total;
return total;
end;
$total$ language plpgsql;
postgres=# select total_rows('tbl_name','column_name',2); --2 is the value
I have 9.4 version of PostgreSQL and I always use this code:
CREATE FUNCTION add_new_table(text) RETURNS void AS
$BODY$
begin
execute
'CREATE TABLE ' || $1 || '(
item_1 type,
item_2 type
)';
end;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
And then:
SELECT add_new_table('my_table_name');
It works good for me.
Attention! Above example is one of those which shows "How do not if we want to keep safety during querying the database" :P