Difference in height (CSS) in IE vs Chrome [closed] - html

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Heavy legacy HTML form with alot of tables and style in it is rendered with different height in IE11(IE10 compatibility mode) vs Chrome 46+. The HTML source is the same, so my guess its due to different internal browser implementation of rendering. How to find out what CSS-style(s) causing it in IE? Where could I read about IE vs others comparison in CSS implementation?

Try using a CSS reset such as Normalize.css, which might do the trick. This is because different browsers have different default margins and padding.
CSS resets do what their name implies: set default styles for all the standard tags. That way, you can have consistent display across all browsers.
Here's the full version of normalize.css, just stick it somewhere:
/*! normalize.css v3.0.3 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */
/**
* 1. Set default font family to sans-serif.
* 2. Prevent iOS and IE text size adjust after device orientation change,
* without disabling user zoom.
*/
html {
font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove default margin.
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/* HTML5 display definitions
========================================================================== */
/**
* Correct `block` display not defined for any HTML5 element in IE 8/9.
* Correct `block` display not defined for `details` or `summary` in IE 10/11
* and Firefox.
* Correct `block` display not defined for `main` in IE 11.
*/
article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
menu,
nav,
section,
summary {
display: block;
}
/**
* 1. Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9.
* 2. Normalize vertical alignment of `progress` in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
*/
audio,
canvas,
progress,
video {
display: inline-block; /* 1 */
vertical-align: baseline; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls.
* Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices.
*/
audio:not([controls]) {
display: none;
height: 0;
}
/**
* Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9/10.
* Hide the `template` element in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Firefox < 22.
*/
[hidden],
template {
display: none;
}
/* Links
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10.
*/
a {
background-color: transparent;
}
/**
* Improve readability of focused elements when they are also in an
* active/hover state.
*/
a:active,
a:hover {
outline: 0;
}
/* Text-level semantics
========================================================================== */
/**
* Address styling not present in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}
/**
* Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bold;
}
/**
* Address styling not present in Safari and Chrome.
*/
dfn {
font-style: italic;
}
/**
* Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article`
* contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
/**
* Address styling not present in IE 8/9.
*/
mark {
background: #ff0;
color: #000;
}
/**
* Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers.
*/
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
/**
* Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
/* Embedded content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9/10.
*/
img {
border: 0;
}
/**
* Correct overflow not hidden in IE 9/10/11.
*/
svg:not(:root) {
overflow: hidden;
}
/* Grouping content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari.
*/
figure {
margin: 1em 40px;
}
/**
* Address differences between Firefox and other browsers.
*/
hr {
box-sizing: content-box;
height: 0;
}
/**
* Contain overflow in all browsers.
*/
pre {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* Address odd `em`-unit font size rendering in all browsers.
*/
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace;
font-size: 1em;
}
/* Forms
========================================================================== */
/**
* Known limitation: by default, Chrome and Safari on OS X allow very limited
* styling of `select`, unless a `border` property is set.
*/
/**
* 1. Correct color not being inherited.
* Known issue: affects color of disabled elements.
* 2. Correct font properties not being inherited.
* 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
color: inherit; /* 1 */
font: inherit; /* 2 */
margin: 0; /* 3 */
}
/**
* Address `overflow` set to `hidden` in IE 8/9/10/11.
*/
button {
overflow: visible;
}
/**
* Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`.
* All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values.
* Correct `button` style inheritance in Firefox, IE 8/9/10/11, and Opera.
* Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox.
*/
button,
select {
text-transform: none;
}
/**
* 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio`
* and `video` controls.
* 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS.
* 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type
* `input` and others.
*/
button,
html input[type="button"], /* 1 */
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
cursor: pointer; /* 3 */
}
/**
* Re-set default cursor for disabled elements.
*/
button[disabled],
html input[disabled] {
cursor: default;
}
/**
* Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+.
*/
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/**
* Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in
* the UA stylesheet.
*/
input {
line-height: normal;
}
/**
* It's recommended that you don't attempt to style these elements.
* Firefox's implementation doesn't respect box-sizing, padding, or width.
*
* 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9/10.
* 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9/10.
*/
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Fix the cursor style for Chrome's increment/decrement buttons. For certain
* `font-size` values of the `input`, it causes the cursor style of the
* decrement button to change from `default` to `text`.
*/
input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari and Chrome.
* 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari and Chrome.
*/
input[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari and Chrome on OS X.
* Safari (but not Chrome) clips the cancel button when the search input has
* padding (and `textfield` appearance).
*/
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/**
* Define consistent border, margin, and padding.
*/
fieldset {
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
/**
* 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9/10/11.
* 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets.
*/
legend {
border: 0; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9/10/11.
*/
textarea {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* Don't inherit the `font-weight` (applied by a rule above).
* NOTE: the default cannot safely be changed in Chrome and Safari on OS X.
*/
optgroup {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* Tables
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove most spacing between table cells.
*/
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
td,
th {
padding: 0;
}

Related

Website elements reposition viewed through safari, works on other browsers

Links below are accurate and match up with attached images. Reproduction is possible as described below.
I am developing a website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: https://github.com/nkozlo3/PortfolioWebsite.git
Website: https://nkozlo3.github.io/PortfolioWebsite/
The website looks correct on Chrome, Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. Also on laptops of different sizes: Chrome view 1 Microsoft Edge view 1
Firefox view is the same.
But when viewed through Safari, the elements reposition themselves like so:
Safari view 1
To reproduce the problem simply visit the website on Safari through the above link or pull the code from my GitHub (link above) and run it through Safari.
I tried putting this wrapper around the body of my HTML
<div id="wrapper" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 960px">
and adding this meta tag
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
I was expecting this to force the content to stay in the correct spots across devices and websites, but it did not solve the issue on Safari.
I also tried adding the below reset.css file to my style.css file to normalize across different browsers. This also did not solve the issue on Safari:
/***
The new CSS reset - version 1.8.2 (last updated 23.12.2022)
GitHub page: https://github.com/elad2412/the-new-css-reset
***/
/*
Remove all the styles of the "User-Agent-Stylesheet", except for the 'display' property
- The "symbol *" part is to solve Firefox SVG sprite bug
*/
*:where(:not(html, iframe, canvas, img, svg, video, audio):not(svg *, symbol *)) {
all: unset;
display: revert;
}
/* Preferred box-sizing value */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Reapply the pointer cursor for anchor tags */
a, button {
cursor: revert;
}
/* Remove list styles (bullets/numbers) */
ol, ul, menu {
list-style: none;
}
/* For images to not be able to exceed their container */
img {
max-inline-size: 100%;
max-block-size: 100%;
}
/* removes spacing between cells in tables */
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
/* Safari - solving issue when using user-select:none on the <body> text input doesn't working */
input, textarea {
-webkit-user-select: auto;
}
/* revert the 'white-space' property for textarea elements on Safari */
textarea {
white-space: revert;
}
/* minimum style to allow to style meter element */
meter {
-webkit-appearance: revert;
appearance: revert;
}
/* preformatted text - use only for this feature */
pre {
all: revert;
}
/* reset default text opacity of input placeholder */
::placeholder {
color: unset;
}
/* remove default dot (•) sign */
::marker {
content: "";
}
/* fix the feature of 'hidden' attribute.
display:revert; revert to element instead of attribute */
:where([hidden]) {
display: none;
}
/* revert for bug in Chromium browsers
- fix for the content editable attribute will work properly.
- webkit-user-select: auto; added for Safari in case of using user-select:none on wrapper element*/
:where([contenteditable]:not([contenteditable="false"])) {
-moz-user-modify: read-write;
-webkit-user-modify: read-write;
overflow-wrap: break-word;
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space;
-webkit-user-select: auto;
}
/* apply back the draggable feature - exist only in Chromium and Safari */
:where([draggable="true"]) {
-webkit-user-drag: element;
}
/* Revert Modal native behavior */
:where(dialog:modal) {
all: revert;
}

CSS Buttons on different platforms

CSS Buttons when viewed on windows desktop or apple mac have a default background color of grey (#DDD) but when viewed on ios mobile, the default background color is transparent. This can be fixed by manually adding css background color as #DDD but still why does this happen? Any Ideas?
They look different because browsers have different renderings of CSS.
I recommend to use -webkit and -moz to avoid this type of problem.
.btn{
-webkit-background-color: #DDD;
-moz-background-color: #DDD;
background-color: #DDD;
}
Different browsers have different styles for buttons, select dropdown, input file upload buttons.
These styles are taken from the default stylesheets present in the browser.
In order to avoid these default stylings, you have to reset the styles using CSS reset stylesheets like Normalize CSS, Meyers CSS reset.
Reset for button only
button {
border: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
width: auto;
overflow: visible;
background: transparent;
/* inherit font & color from ancestor */
color: inherit;
font: inherit;
/* Normalize `line-height`. Cannot be changed from `normal` in Firefox 4+. */
line-height: normal;
/* Corrects font smoothing for webkit */
-webkit-font-smoothing: inherit;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: inherit;
/* Corrects inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS */
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/* Remove excess padding and border in Firefox 4+ */
&::-moz-focus-inner {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}

Prevent CSS from changing size of textbox placeholder

CSS
input[type=text] {font-size:1.5em;}
HTML
<input type="text" placeholder="some text">
The CSS code makes 1.5em size for data, which is entered in the text box. But this code also changes size of placeholder text. How to prevent CSS from changing placeholder text's size?
I want CSS to, only change size of original data, which entered by my website visitors.
Reset the values with ::placeholder pseudo
::-webkit-input-placeholder { /* WebKit, Blink, Edge */
font-size: 0.5em;
}
:-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 4 to 18 */
font-size: 0.5em;
}
::-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 19+ */
font-size: 0.5em;
}
:-ms-input-placeholder { /* Internet Explorer 10-11 */
font-size: 0.5em;
}
::-ms-input-placeholder { /* Microsoft Edge */
font-size: 0.5em;
}
<input type="text" placeholder="some text">
Credits: Change an HTML5 input's placeholder color with CSS

Set select dropdown style to default

I set border property in select element.
select {
border: 1px solid #0f0;
}
IE7 doesn't support select styling. So now my requirement is to remove that style from all IE versions (7,8,9...) and make the dropdown as default. But this property works in above IE8. There is any css-only solution for this.
Note: I have specific IE class in html tag. can I use that in css like
.ie select {}
You can use the below css hacks to specify IE restricted features. Hope those may help you! Give the red color border for all the browsers and set ne color for the IE browsers.
/* IE 11( Specific ) */
#media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none) {
#selector {
color: #FFFFFF;
}
}
/* IE 10( specific ) */
#media screen and (-ms-high-contrast: active), (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
#selector {
color: #FFFFFF;
}
}
/* IE 9( specific ) */
#selector {
color: #000000; /* Ingeneral, for all browsers */
color: #FFFFFF \0/IE9; /* Only for IE 9 */
}
/* IE 8( specific ) */
#media \0screen {
#selector {
color: #FFFFFF;
}
}
/* IE 7( specific and below version ) */
#selector {
*color: #FFFFFF;
}
Cheers :)
There are specific CSS hacks for IE, you can try those if you want like this:
CSS
select {
border: 2px solid #0f0; /* for all browsers */
border: 2px solid #000; /* IE8 and below */
*border: 2px solid #000; /* IE7 and below */
_border: 2px solid #000; /* IE6 and below */
}
Hacking your CSS may seem a quick fix for getting your styles to work across browser types, however, you should really be using conditional statements from within your HTML. e.g.
<!--[if lte IE 9]>
Your IE8 and below HTML code here.
Perhaps importing a specific style sheet.
<![endif]-->

CSS give diffrent layout in Firefox and Chrome [closed]

Closed. This question needs debugging details. It is not currently accepting answers.
Edit the question to include desired behavior, a specific problem or error, and the shortest code necessary to reproduce the problem. This will help others answer the question.
Closed 8 years ago.
Improve this question
my website is http://daplonline.in/naukriedu2/ i got different output in Firefox and crome how to fix look the header
Search job and job seeker join us table goes right side :( how to fix this in CSS
html is here
<div id="rig">
..
..
</ div>
CSS
#rig
{
float:right;
margin:10px;
}
i found solution my self i change my table width and height and i got good output yes some diffrent but working great
i create a main DIV and place 1 div left and second right.
#sld
{
background:url(img/sld.jpg) no-repeat;
width:1000px;
height:296px;
}
#lef
{
margin-top:15px;
float:left;
width:300px;
height:300px;
}
#rig
{
margin-top:30px;
width:650px;
float:right;
height:300px;
}
We don't have much to go on here.
But this Normalize.css should render elements consistently across all browsers. A CSS reset shouldn't be necessary in this case, it will only take more work to restyle every single element.
You just need "reset" css. There many kinds of it you can chose.
You can search "reset css" for more info, or just check cssrest.com.
Hope it can help you.
Here is the source code of 'normalize.css', you can try this. Add it to your site.
/*! normalize.css v3.0.1 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */
/**
* 1. Set default font family to sans-serif.
* 2. Prevent iOS text size adjust after orientation change, without disabling
* user zoom.
*/
html {
font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove default margin.
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/* HTML5 display definitions
========================================================================== */
/**
* Correct `block` display not defined for any HTML5 element in IE 8/9.
* Correct `block` display not defined for `details` or `summary` in IE 10/11 and Firefox.
* Correct `block` display not defined for `main` in IE 11.
*/
article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
nav,
section,
summary {
display: block;
}
/**
* 1. Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9.
* 2. Normalize vertical alignment of `progress` in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
*/
audio,
canvas,
progress,
video {
display: inline-block; /* 1 */
vertical-align: baseline; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls.
* Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices.
*/
audio:not([controls]) {
display: none;
height: 0;
}
/**
* Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9/10.
* Hide the `template` element in IE 8/9/11, Safari, and Firefox < 22.
*/
[hidden],
template {
display: none;
}
/* Links
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10.
*/
a {
background: transparent;
}
/**
* Improve readability when focused and also mouse hovered in all browsers.
*/
a:active,
a:hover {
outline: 0;
}
/* Text-level semantics
========================================================================== */
/**
* Address styling not present in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}
/**
* Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bold;
}
/**
* Address styling not present in Safari and Chrome.
*/
dfn {
font-style: italic;
}
/**
* Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article`
* contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
/**
* Address styling not present in IE 8/9.
*/
mark {
background: #ff0;
color: #000;
}
/**
* Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers.
*/
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
/**
* Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
/* Embedded content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9/10.
*/
img {
border: 0;
}
/**
* Correct overflow not hidden in IE 9/10/11.
*/
svg:not(:root) {
overflow: hidden;
}
/* Grouping content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari.
*/
figure {
margin: 1em 40px;
}
/**
* Address differences between Firefox and other browsers.
*/
hr {
-moz-box-sizing: content-box;
box-sizing: content-box;
height: 0;
}
/**
* Contain overflow in all browsers.
*/
pre {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* Address odd `em`-unit font size rendering in all browsers.
*/
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace;
font-size: 1em;
}
/* Forms
========================================================================== */
/**
* Known limitation: by default, Chrome and Safari on OS X allow very limited
* styling of `select`, unless a `border` property is set.
*/
/**
* 1. Correct color not being inherited.
* Known issue: affects color of disabled elements.
* 2. Correct font properties not being inherited.
* 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
color: inherit; /* 1 */
font: inherit; /* 2 */
margin: 0; /* 3 */
}
/**
* Address `overflow` set to `hidden` in IE 8/9/10/11.
*/
button {
overflow: visible;
}
/**
* Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`.
* All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values.
* Correct `button` style inheritance in Firefox, IE 8/9/10/11, and Opera.
* Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox.
*/
button,
select {
text-transform: none;
}
/**
* 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio`
* and `video` controls.
* 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS.
* 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type
* `input` and others.
*/
button,
html input[type="button"], /* 1 */
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
cursor: pointer; /* 3 */
}
/**
* Re-set default cursor for disabled elements.
*/
button[disabled],
html input[disabled] {
cursor: default;
}
/**
* Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+.
*/
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/**
* Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in
* the UA stylesheet.
*/
input {
line-height: normal;
}
/**
* It's recommended that you don't attempt to style these elements.
* Firefox's implementation doesn't respect box-sizing, padding, or width.
*
* 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9/10.
* 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9/10.
*/
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Fix the cursor style for Chrome's increment/decrement buttons. For certain
* `font-size` values of the `input`, it causes the cursor style of the
* decrement button to change from `default` to `text`.
*/
input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari and Chrome.
* 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari and Chrome
* (include `-moz` to future-proof).
*/
input[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
-moz-box-sizing: content-box;
-webkit-box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */
box-sizing: content-box;
}
/**
* Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari and Chrome on OS X.
* Safari (but not Chrome) clips the cancel button when the search input has
* padding (and `textfield` appearance).
*/
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/**
* Define consistent border, margin, and padding.
*/
fieldset {
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
/**
* 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9/10/11.
* 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets.
*/
legend {
border: 0; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9/10/11.
*/
textarea {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* Don't inherit the `font-weight` (applied by a rule above).
* NOTE: the default cannot safely be changed in Chrome and Safari on OS X.
*/
optgroup {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* Tables
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove most spacing between table cells.
*/
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
td,
th {
padding: 0;
}
Try after including this css file into your HTML, and make sure to add this as first css file.
This will "reset" the CSS, making all browsers act in as similar a way as possible.
Suggesting some minor modification for your CSS, add/ modify your style.css accordingly
body {font-size:12px;//Add this body class}
#hmenu{width:530px; //modify this property}
#rig2 table tr {margin-bottom:5px;}// Add this class