I want to display a centered image and, below it, a centered and bordered text that has a width equal to its container. I use:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.d1 {
text-align: center;
}
.d2 {
border: 1px solid red;
display: inline-block;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="d1">
<img src="smiley.gif"><br>
<div class="d2">This is some text</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
This works fine but, as I read, the use of <br> is an indication of poor semantic HTML and should be avoided. Is there a way to do this without the use of <br>?
Thanks
Flexbox to the rescue:
.d1 {
display: flex;
flex-flow: column;
justify-content: center;
}
.d2 {
border: 1px solid red;
}
img, .d2{
margin: 0 auto;
}
<div class="d1">
<img src="https://placekitten.com/200/300">
<div class="d2">This is some text</div>
</div>
The semantically correct element to use is the HTML5 figure element ( documentation here ) - this is a block level element and has the figcaption element and the image element contained within it.
The figcaption can be the first child (ie - before the image) or last child (after the image) and is also a block level element and can be centered with css.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
figure {
text-align: center;
}
figcaption {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<figure>
<figcaption>This is a fluffy kitten</figcaption>
<img src="https://cdn.unifiedcommerce.com/content/product/small/30106.jpg" alt="fluffy kitten" width="100">
</figure>
</body>
</html>
Try using a div to enclose your image. A div is a block element, meaning, it will occupy 100% of the parent width. In your case, if the img tag is inside div, then all contents outside the div will be in the next line automatically.
img {
max-width: 100px;
}
.d1 {
text-align: center;
}
.d2 {
border: 1px solid red;
display: inline-block;
}
<div class="d1">
<div>
<img src="https://demo-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/sample.jpg">
</div>
<div class="d2">This is some text</div>
</div>
You can try this.Just use margin for the text section instead of <br> tag. And then for positioning both of the image and text to center, use the following property:
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
flex-flow: column;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.d1 {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
flex-flow: column;
}
.d2 {
border: 1px solid red;
margin-top: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="d1">
<img src="https://www.w3schools.com/howto/img_snow.jpg">
<div class="d2">This is some text</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
I want to create following layout, where a header (green) spans the full width of the screen and is made up of two elements:
a picture (pink), that is top-left aligned, and has the height of the next element
a text block (red), that is top-right aligned. It made of two stacked elements: a text div (yellow) and a button. The width button equals the text width.
The expected output is this:
My code is the following:
.header{
background-color: green;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: flex-start;
}
.flex-element{
display: inline-block;
}
.picture_container{
background-color: pink
}
.picture{
height: 100%;
}
.text_container{
background-color: red
}
.text{
background-color: yellow;
}
<div class="header">
<div class="flex-element picture_container">
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tux_Enhanced.svg/154px-Tux_Enhanced.svg.png" alt="" class="picture">
</div>
<div class="flex-element text_container">
<div class="text">
AAAAAAAAAA <br>
BBB
</div>
<button type="button" name="button" style="width: 100%">foo</button>
</div>
</div>
and gives following output:
The problem is that there is no "space-between" the pink and the red block, and they are not top aligned. I know I could work around it using css grid, yet I'd like to know why it isn't working.
Question: How to make justify-content: space-between have any effect?
This might be a browser issue. Indeed, I am using Firefox Developer Edition 63.0b14 as a browser.
A hack was then to add display: -moz-box; in the .header css definition. It is strange, though, as "Prefixed property values (such as -moz-box) are no longer needed for flexbox to work in major browsers." (see Michael_B's comment). A less hacky solution would hence be still appreciated.
Full code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>test</title>
<style media="screen">
.header{
background-color: green;
display: -moz-box;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: flex-start;
}
.flex-element{
display: inline-block;
}
.picture_container{
background-color: pink
}
.picture{
height: 100%;
}
.text_container{
background-color: red
}
.text{
background-color: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<div class="flex-element picture_container">
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tux_Enhanced.svg/154px-Tux_Enhanced.svg.png" alt="" class="picture">
</div>
<div class="flex-element text_container">
<div class="text">
AAAAAAAAAA <br>
BBB
</div>
<button type="button" name="button" style="width: 100%">foo</button>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Please try below code
<style>
.header {
padding: 10px;
}
.picture {
width: auto;
}
.text_container {
margin: auto 0;
}
.picture_container {
display: block;
}
</style>
Say I have the following CSS and HTML code:
#header {
height: 150px;
}
<div id="header">
<h1>Header title</h1>
Header content (one or multiple lines)
</div>
The header section is fixed height, but the header content may change.
I would like the content of the header to be vertically aligned to the bottom of the header section, so the last line of text "sticks" to the bottom of the header section.
So if there is only one line of text, it would be like:
-----------------------------
| Header title
|
|
|
| header content (resulting in one line)
-----------------------------
And if there were three lines:
-----------------------------
| Header title
|
| header content (which is so
| much stuff that it perfectly
| spans over three lines)
-----------------------------
How can this be done in CSS?
Relative+absolute positioning is your best bet:
#header {
position: relative;
min-height: 150px;
}
#header-content {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
}
#header, #header * {
background: rgba(40, 40, 100, 0.25);
}
<div id="header">
<h1>Title</h1>
<div id="header-content">And in the last place, where this might not be the case, they would be of long standing, would have taken deep root, and would not easily be extirpated. The scheme of revising the constitution, in order to correct recent breaches of it, as well as for other purposes, has been actually tried in one of the States.</div>
</div>
But you may run into issues with that. When I tried it I had problems with dropdown menus appearing below the content. It's just not pretty.
Honestly, for vertical centering issues and, well, any vertical alignment issues with the items aren't fixed height, it's easier just to use tables.
Example: Can you do this HTML layout without using tables?
If you're not worried about legacy browsers use a flexbox.
The parent element needs its display type set to flex
div.parent {
display: flex;
height: 100%;
}
Then you set the child element's align-self to flex-end.
span.child {
display: inline-block;
align-self: flex-end;
}
Here's the resource I used to learn:
http://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Use CSS positioning:
/* Creates a new stacking context on the header */
#header {
position: relative;
}
/* Positions header-content at the bottom of header's context */
#header-content {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
}
As cletus noted, you need identify the header-content to make this work.
<span id="header-content">some header content</span>
<div style="height:100%; position:relative;">
<div style="height:10%; position:absolute; bottom:0px;">bottom</div>
</div>
I use these properties and it works!
#header {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: bottom;
}
After struggling with this same issue for some time, I finally figured out a solution that meets all of my requirements:
Does not require that I know the container's height.
Unlike relative+absolute solutions, the content doesn't float in its own layer (i.e., it embeds normally in the container div).
Works across browsers (IE8+).
Simple to implement.
The solution just takes one <div>, which I call the "aligner":
CSS
.bottom_aligner {
display: inline-block;
height: 100%;
vertical-align: bottom;
width: 0px;
}
html
<div class="bottom_aligner"></div>
... Your content here ...
This trick works by creating a tall, skinny div, which pushes the text baseline to the bottom of the container.
Here is a complete example that achieves what the OP was asking for. I've made the "bottom_aligner" thick and red for demonstration purposes only.
CSS:
.outer-container {
border: 2px solid black;
height: 175px;
width: 300px;
}
.top-section {
background: lightgreen;
height: 50%;
}
.bottom-section {
background: lightblue;
height: 50%;
margin: 8px;
}
.bottom-aligner {
display: inline-block;
height: 100%;
vertical-align: bottom;
width: 3px;
background: red;
}
.bottom-content {
display: inline-block;
}
.top-content {
padding: 8px;
}
HTML:
<body>
<div class="outer-container">
<div class="top-section">
This text
<br> is on top.
</div>
<div class="bottom-section">
<div class="bottom-aligner"></div>
<div class="bottom-content">
I like it here
<br> at the bottom.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
The modern way to do it would be using flexbox. See the example below. You don't even need to wrap Some text... into any HTML tag, since text directly contained in a flex container is wrapped in an anonymous flex item.
header {
border: 1px solid blue;
height: 150px;
display: flex; /* defines flexbox */
flex-direction: column; /* top to bottom */
justify-content: space-between; /* first item at start, last at end */
}
h1 {
margin: 0;
}
<header>
<h1>Header title</h1>
Some text aligns to the bottom
</header>
If there is only some text and you want to align vertically to the bottom of the container.
section {
border: 1px solid blue;
height: 150px;
display: flex; /* defines flexbox */
align-items: flex-end; /* bottom of the box */
}
<section>Some text aligns to the bottom</section>
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
Inline or inline-block elements can be aligned to the bottom of block level elements if the line-height of the parent/block element is greater than that of the inline element.*
markup:
<h1 class="alignBtm"><span>I'm at the bottom</span></h1>
css:
h1.alignBtm {
line-height: 3em;
}
h1.alignBtm span {
line-height: 1.2em;
vertical-align: bottom;
}
*make sure you're in standards mode
I have encountered the problem several times and there are good solutions but also not so good ones. So you can achieve this in different ways with flexbox, with the grid system or display table. My preferred variant is a mix of flex and 'margin-bottom: auto'. Here is my personal collection of text-bottom possibilities:
1. Flex / margin-top: auto;
.parent {
min-height: 200px;
background: green;
display: flex;
}
.child {
margin-top: auto;
background: red;
padding:5px;
color:white;
}
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">Bottom text</div>
</div>
2. Flex / align-self: flex-end
.parent {
display: flex;
min-height: 200px;
background: green;
}
.child {
align-self: flex-end;
background: red;
padding: 5px;
color: white;
}
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">Bottom text</div>
</div>
3. Flex / align-items: flex-end;
.parent {
min-height: 200px;
background: green;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
}
.child {
padding: 5px;
background: red;
color: white;
}
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">Bottom text</div>
</div>
4. Grid / align-self: end;
.parent {
min-height: 200px;
background: green;
display: grid;
}
.child {
align-self: end;
background: red;
padding:5px;
color:white;
}
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">Bottom text</div>
</div>
5. Table / vertical-align: bottom;
Personal I don't like this approach with table.
.parent {
min-height: 200px;
background: green;
display: table;
width:100%;
}
.child {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: bottom;
background: red;
padding:5px;
color:white;
}
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">Bottom text</div>
</div>
With spacer
6. Flex; / flex: 1;
.parent {
min-height: 200px;
background: green;
display: flex;
flex-flow: column;
}
.spacer {
flex: 1;
}
.child {
padding: 5px;
background: red;
color: white;
}
<div class="parent">
<div class="spacer"></div>
<div class="child">Bottom text</div>
</div>
7. Flex / flex-grow: 1;
.parent {
min-height: 200px;
background: green;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.spacer {
flex-grow: 1;
}
.child {
padding: 5px;
background: red;
color: white;
}
<div class="parent">
<div class="spacer"></div>
<div class="child">Bottom text</div>
</div>
8. Inline-block / PseudoClass::before
.parent {
min-height: 200px;
background: green;
}
.child::before {
display:inline-block;
content:'';
height: 100%;
vertical-align:bottom;
}
.child {
height:200px;
padding: 5px;
background: red;
color: white;
}
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">Bottom text</div>
</div>
❤️ My personal preferred versions are: 1., 2. and 3.
You can simply achieved flex
header {
border: 1px solid blue;
height: 150px;
display: flex; /* defines flexbox */
flex-direction: column; /* top to bottom */
justify-content: space-between; /* first item at start, last at end */
}
h1 {
margin: 0;
}
<header>
<h1>Header title</h1>
Some text aligns to the bottom
</header>
You can use following approach:
.header-parent {
height: 150px;
display: grid;
}
.header-content {
align-self: end;
}
<div class="header-parent">
<h1>Header title</h1>
<div class="header-content">
Header content
</div>
</div>
Here is another solution using flexbox but without using flex-end for bottom alignment. The idea is to set margin-bottom on h1 to auto to push the remaining content to the bottom:
#header {
height: 350px;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
border:1px solid;
}
#header h1 {
margin-bottom:auto;
}
<div id="header">
<h1>Header title</h1>
Header content (one or multiple lines) Header content (one or multiple lines)Header content (one or multiple lines) Header content (one or multiple lines)
</div>
We can also do the same with margin-top:auto on the text but in this case we need to wrap it inside a div or span:
#header {
height: 350px;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
border:1px solid;
}
#header span {
margin-top:auto;
}
<div id="header">
<h1>Header title</h1>
<span>Header content (one or multiple lines)</span>
</div>
If you have multiple, dynamic height items, use the CSS display values of table and table-cell:
HTML
<html>
<body>
<div class="valign bottom">
<div>
<div>my bottom aligned div 1</div>
<div>my bottom aligned div 2</div>
<div>my bottom aligned div 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS
html,
body {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.valign {
display: table;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.valign > div {
display: table-cell;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.valign.bottom > div {
vertical-align: bottom;
}
I've created a JSBin demo here: http://jsbin.com/INOnAkuF/2/edit
The demo also has an example how to vertically center align using the same technique.
The best possible solution to move a div to the bottom is as follows.
Basically what you need to do is to set display flex and flex-direction as a column to the parent and add a 'margin-top: auto' to its child which needs to be floated to the bottom of the container
Note: I have used bootstrap and its classes.
.box-wrapper {
height: 400px;
border: 1px solid #000;
margin: 20px;
display: flex; // added for representation purpose only. Bootstrap default class is already added
flex-direction: column;
}
.link-02 {
margin-top: auto;
}
<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.6.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<div class="box-wrapper d-flex flex-column col-4">
<div>incidunt blanditiis debitis</div>
<div class="news-box">
<img class="d-block" alt="non ipsam nihil" src="https://via.placeholder.com/150">
<p>Labore consectetur doloribus qui ab et qui aut facere quos.</p>
</div>
<a href="https://oscar.com" target="_blank" class="link-02">
This is moved to bottom with minimal effort
</a>
</div>
All these answers and none worked for me... I'm no flexbox expert, but this was reasonably easy to figure out, it is simple and easy to understand and use. To separate something from the rest of the content, insert an empty div and let it grow to fill the space.
https://jsfiddle.net/8sfeLmgd/1/
.myContainer {
display: flex;
height: 250px;
flex-flow: column;
}
.filler {
flex: 1 1;
}
<div class="myContainer">
<div>Top</div>
<div class="filler"></div>
<div>Bottom</div>
</div>
This reacts as expected when the bottom content is not fixed sized also when the container is not fixed sized.
You don't need absolute+relative for this. It is very much possible using relative position for both container and data. This is how you do it.
Assume height of your data is going to be x. Your container is relative and footer is also relative. All you have to do is add to your data
bottom: -webkit-calc(-100% + x);
Your data will always be at the bottom of your container. Works even if you have container with dynamic height.
HTML will be like this
<div class="container">
<div class="data"></div>
</div>
CSS will be like this
.container{
height:400px;
width:600px;
border:1px solid red;
margin-top:50px;
margin-left:50px;
display:block;
}
.data{
width:100%;
height:40px;
position:relative;
float:left;
border:1px solid blue;
bottom: -webkit-calc(-100% + 40px);
bottom:calc(-100% + 40px);
}
Live example here
Hope this helps.
Here's the flexy way to do it. Of course, it's not supported by IE8, as the user needed 7 years ago. Depending on what you need to support, some of these can be done away with.
Still, it would be nice if there was a way to do this without an outer container, just have the text align itself within it's own self.
#header {
-webkit-box-align: end;
-webkit-align-items: flex-end;
-ms-flex-align: end;
align-items: flex-end;
display: -webkit-box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
height: 150px;
}
a very simple, one-line solution, is to add line-heigth to the div, having in mind that all the div's text will go bottom.
CSS:
#layer{width:198px;
height:48px;
line-height:72px;
border:1px #000 solid}
#layer a{text-decoration:none;}
HTML:
<div id="layer">
text at div's bottom.
</div>
keep in mind that this is a practical and fast solution when you just want text inside div to go down, if you need to combine images and stuff, you will have to code a bit more complex and responsive CSS
An addition to the other flex-box solutions mentioned:
You can use flex-grow: 1 on the first div. This way, your second div will be aligned to the bottom while the first will cover all remaining space.
On the parent div, you must use display: flex and flex-direction: column.
/* parent-wrapper div */
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
/* first-upper div */
.main {
flex-grow: 1;
}
Check fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/1yj3ve05/
if you could set the height of the wrapping div of the content (#header-content as shown in other's reply), instead of the entire #header, maybe you can also try this approach:
HTML
<div id="header">
<h1>some title</h1>
<div id="header-content">
<span>
first line of header text<br>
second line of header text<br>
third, last line of header text
</span>
</div>
</div>
CSS
#header-content{
height:100px;
}
#header-content::before{
display:inline-block;
content:'';
height:100%;
vertical-align:bottom;
}
#header-content span{
display:inline-block;
}
show on codepen
I found this solution bassed on a default bootstrap start template
/* HTML */
<div class="content_wrapper">
<div class="content_floating">
<h2>HIS This is the header<br>
In Two Rows</h2>
<p>This is a description at the bottom too</p>
</div>
</div>
/* css */
.content_wrapper{
display: table;
width: 100%;
height: 100%; /* For at least Firefox */
min-height: 100%;
}
.content_floating{
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: bottom;
padding-bottom:80px;
}
#header {
height: 150px;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
}
.top{
flex: 1;
}
<div id="header">
<h1 class="top">Header title</h1>
Header content (one or multiple lines)
</div>
#header {
height: 250px;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
background-color:yellow;
}
.top{
flex: 1;
}
<div id="header">
<h1 class="top">Header title</h1>
Header content (one or multiple lines)
</div>
I have devised a way which is a lot simpler than what's been mentioned.
Set the height of the header div. Then inside that, style your H1 tag as follows:
float: left;
padding: 90px 10px 11px
I'm working on a site for a client, and the design requires the text to be at the bottom of a certain div. I've achieved the result using these two lines, and it works fine. Also, if the text does expand, the padding will still remain the same.
try with:
div.myclass { margin-top: 100%; }
try changing the % to fix it. Example: 120% or 90% ...etc.
The site I just did for a client requested that the footer text was a high box, with the text at the bottom I achieved this with simple padding, should work for all browsers.
<div id="footer">
some text here
</div>
#footer {
padding: 0 30px;
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 8px;
}
*{
margin:0;
}
div{
width:300px;
background:cornflowerblue;
color:#fff;
height:150px;
display:flex;
justify-content:space-between;
flex-direction:column;
}
<div>
<h4>Heading</h4>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<!-- <p> Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it</p> -->
</div>
Just simply use display:flex and flex-direction:column to make child sync in vertical order then apply justify-content:space-between to justify height of parent div with its children content. so that you can achieve your goal. Try this snippet to resolve issue.
I really appreciate your interest.
Seems to be working:
#content {
/* or just insert a number with "px" if you're fighting CSS without lesscss.org :) */
vertical-align: -#header_height + #content_height;
/* only need it if your content is <div>,
* if it is inline (e.g., <a>) will work without it */
display: inline-block;
}
Using less makes solving CSS puzzles much more like coding than like... I just love CSS. It's a real pleasure when you can change the whole layout (without breaking it :) just by changing one parameter.
A perfect cross-browser example is probably this one here:
http://www.csszengarden.com/?cssfile=/213/213.css&page=0
The idea is both to display the div at the bottom and also making it stick there. Often the simple approach will make the sticky div scroll up with the main content.
Following is a fully working minimal example. Note that there's no div embedding trickery required. The many BRs are just to force a scrollbar to appear:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
#floater {
background: yellow;
height: 200px;
width: 100%;
position: fixed;
bottom: 0px;
z-index: 5;
border-top: 2px solid gold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
<div id="floater"></div>
</body>
</html>
If you are wondering your code might not be working on IE, remember to add the DOCTYPE tag at the top. It's crucial for this to work on IE. Also, this should be the first tag and nothing should appear above it.
2015 solution
<div style='width:200px; height:60px; border:1px solid red;'>
<table width=100% height=100% cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr><td valign=bottom>{$This_text_at_bottom}</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
http://codepen.io/anon/pen/qERMdx
your welcome