I am trying to get Cython running and I think I'm almost there but have hit a snag that I do not understand. I can compile functions with a single argument, but not with multiple. I have this issue with python 3.3, but not 2.7.
I successfully compiled and ran "hello world" and fibonacci examples but when I try to compile anything with two or more input arguments I get an error when compiling.
To boil it down to a very simple case. This compiles, imports to python, and runs.
def cycheckadd(c):
b = 1
d = b + c
return d
This does not.
def cycheckadd(b,c):
d = b + c
return d
And returns the following error when building.
C:\Users\Chris\PycharmProjects\CythonTest>python setup.py build_ext --inplace
Compiling cycheck.pyx because it changed.
Cythonizing cycheck.pyx
running build_ext
building 'cycheck' extension
creating build
creating build\temp.win32-3.3
creating build\temp.win32-3.3\Release
c:\mingw\bin\gcc.exe -mdll -O -Wall -IC:\WinPython-32bit-3.3.5.9\python-3.3.5\include -IC:\WinPython-32bit-3.3.5.9\python-3.3.5\include -c cycheck.c -o build\temp.win32-3.3\Release\
cycheck.o
writing build\temp.win32-3.3\Release\cycheck.def
creating build\lib.win32-3.3
c:\mingw\bin\gcc.exe -shared -s build\temp.win32-3.3\Release\cycheck.o build\temp.win32-3.3\Release\cycheck.def -LC:\WinPython-32bit-3.3.5.9\python-3.3.5\libs -LC:\WinPython-32bit-3
.3.5.9\python-3.3.5\PCbuild -lpython33 -lmsvcr100 -o build\lib.win32-3.3\cycheck.pyd
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../libmsvcrt.a(dupvs00137.o):(.idata$5+0x0): multiple definition of `_imp___assert'
C:\WinPython-32bit-3.3.5.9\python-3.3.5\libs/libmsvcr100.a(dqcgs00457.o):(.idata$5+0x0): first defined here
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
Compiled using the setup.py file below.
from setuptools import setup
from Cython.Build import cythonize
setup(
name = 'cython math check',
ext_modules = cythonize("cycheck.pyx"),
)
This result was generated using python 3.3 and cython 0.22. I do not have this problem when I use 2.7.
The compiler is MinGW. I have been using 32bit versions of Python on Windows 10-64bit. I have added the following config file to the python directory.
C:\WinPython-32bit-3.3.5.9\python-3.3.5\Lib\distutils\distutils.cfg
[build]
compiler = mingw32
[build_ext]
compiler = mingw32
Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Thanks,
Chris
Related
I am trying to install the python package "imblearn" to balanace datasets,
with the command pip install imblearn.
but it keeps failing.
trying from cmdand from PowerShell with admin privileges,
with regular pip command, and with git clone to the repo and then pip install.
everything is failing.
the error is:
C:\Users\ronke>pip install imblearn
Collecting imblearn
Using cached imblearn-0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.9 kB)
Collecting imbalanced-learn
Using cached imbalanced_learn-0.10.1-py3-none-any.whl (226 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=1.3.2 in c:\networks\python3.8\lib\site-packages (from imbalanced-learn->imblearn) (1.6.3)
Collecting scikit-learn>=1.0.2
Using cached scikit-learn-1.2.0.tar.gz (7.2 MB)
Installing build dependencies ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [73 lines of output]
Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.10" and platform_system == "Windows" and platform_python_implementation != "PyPy"' don't match your environment
Collecting setuptools<60.0
Using cached setuptools-59.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (952 kB)
Collecting wheel
Using cached wheel-0.38.4-py3-none-any.whl (36 kB)
Collecting Cython>=0.29.24
Using cached Cython-0.29.32-py2.py3-none-any.whl (986 kB)
Collecting oldest-supported-numpy
Using cached oldest_supported_numpy-2022.11.19-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB)
Collecting scipy>=1.3.2
Using cached scipy-1.9.3.tar.gz (42.1 MB)
Installing build dependencies: started
Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
Getting requirements to build wheel: started
Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
Installing backend dependencies: started
Installing backend dependencies: finished with status 'done'
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
exit code: 1
[37 lines of output]
+ meson setup --prefix=c:\networks\python3.8 C:\Users\ronke\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n9p_hxtm\scipy_cef72cd617894d719469ea6e03d892cb C:\Users\ronke\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n9p_hxtm\scipy_cef72cd617894d719469ea6e03d892cb\.mesonpy-jv80z8m8\build --native-file=C:\Users\ronke\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n9p_hxtm\scipy_cef72cd617894d719469ea6e03d892cb\.mesonpy-native-file.ini -Ddebug=false -Doptimization=2
The Meson build system
Version: 1.0.0
Source dir: C:\Users\ronke\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n9p_hxtm\scipy_cef72cd617894d719469ea6e03d892cb
Build dir: C:\Users\ronke\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n9p_hxtm\scipy_cef72cd617894d719469ea6e03d892cb\.mesonpy-jv80z8m8\build
Build type: native build
Project name: SciPy
Project version: 1.9.3
Activating VS 17.1.3
C compiler for the host machine: cl (msvc 19.31.31105 "Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.31.31105 for x64")
C linker for the host machine: link link 14.31.31105.0
C++ compiler for the host machine: cl (msvc 19.31.31105 "Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.31.31105 for x64")
C++ linker for the host machine: link link 14.31.31105.0
Host machine cpu family: x86_64
Host machine cpu: x86_64
Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-unused-but-set-variable: NO
Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-unused-but-set-variable: NO (cached)
Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-unused-function: NO
Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-conversion: NO
Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-misleading-indentation: NO
Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-incompatible-pointer-types: NO
Library m found: NO
..\..\meson.build:57:0: ERROR: Unknown compiler(s): [['ifort'], ['gfortran'], ['flang'], ['pgfortran'], ['g95']]
The following exception(s) were encountered:
Running `ifort --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `ifort -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `gfortran --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `gfortran -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `flang --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `flang -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `pgfortran --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `pgfortran -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `g95 --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `g95 -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
A full log can be found at C:\Users\ronke\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n9p_hxtm\scipy_cef72cd617894d719469ea6e03d892cb\.mesonpy-jv80z8m8\build\meson-logs\meson-log.txt
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed
Encountered error while generating package metadata.
See above for output.
note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
Does someone know how to fix it?
thanks
Ron
I've condensed this to show the key part of the error:
Collecting scipy>=1.3.2
Using cached scipy-1.9.3.tar.gz (42.1 MB)
...
..\..\meson.build:57:0: ERROR: Unknown compiler(s): [['ifort'], ['gfortran'], ['flang'], ['pgfortran'], ['g95']]
Which is saying that scipy==1.9.3 failed to compile because a Fortran compiler was not availalbe.
This is probably caused by a 32-bit version of Python / Windows, since pre-compiled scipy and scikit-learn wheels are being phased out for 32-bit systems, and we're no longer testing 32-bit Windows in imblearn (see PR#936).
One possible fix is to install a copy of Python with Anaconda or Miniconda, then:
conda install -c conda-forge imbalanced-learn
I have some Cython code that currently looks
exc = sys.exc_info()
raise exc[0], exc[1], exc[2]
This doesn't work on Python3, since the "raise from tuple" form is no longer allowed. Were this normal Python code, I would just use six.reraise, but that's not available to me here. What's the Cython friendly way to do the same, which works on both Python2 and Python3?
One great Cython feature is that the generated C code can be compiled for either Python 2 or Python 3. So your example above will work with either version of Python, unmodified.
You can tell Cython to compile code assuming Python 2 syntax and semantics (the -2 argument, which is on by default) or assuming Python 3 (the -3 argument). In either case, the resulting extension module source code can be compiled and used for Python 2 or Python 3, as long as the dynamic components (imports, etc.) are compatible.
For example:
def raises_exception():
raise KeyError("what you doin'?")
def foobar():
try:
raises_exception()
except Exception:
import sys
exc = sys.exc_info()
raise exc[0], exc[1], exc[2]
Here's a setup.py that will work on either Py2 or Py3:
from distutils.core import setup
from Cython.Build import cythonize
setup(ext_modules=cythonize("reraise.pyx"))
I can run python setup.py build_ext -i on either version of Python (provided I have cython installed for each), and the resulting extension module will work.
$ python setup.py build_ext -i # Py3 python
$ ipython3
Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, Oct 4 2013, 15:49:17)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 1.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help -> Python's own help system.
object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import reraise
In [2]: reraise.foobar()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-9e20eacfd84e> in <module>()
----> 1 reraise.foobar()
/.../reraise.so in reraise.foobar (reraise.c:916)()
/.../reraise.so in reraise.foobar (reraise.c:847)()
/.../reraise.so in reraise.raises_exception (reraise.c:762)()
KeyError: "what you doin'?"
In [3]:
I am connecting the Mysql using c program in eclipse, I am using CYGWIN compiler to compile program. I have installed the mysql c connector and added the include files to the compiler and linker
but i am getting error
**** Build of configuration Debug for project DbConnectionC ****
make all
Building file: ../connection.c
Invoking: Cygwin C Compiler
gcc -I"C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Connector C 6.0.2\include" -include"C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Connector C 6.0.2\include\mysql.h" -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"connection.d" -MT"connection.d" -o "connection.o" "../connection.c"
cygwin warning:
MS-DOS style path detected: D:\java\workspace\DbConnectionC\Debug
Preferred POSIX equivalent is: /cygdrive/d/java/workspace/DbConnectionC/Debug
CYGWIN environment variable option "nodosfilewarning" turns off this warning.
Consult the user's guide for more details about POSIX paths:
http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using.html#using-pathnames
../connection.c: In function `main':
../connection.c:57: warning: char format, different type arg (arg 2)
../connection.c:57: warning: char format, different type arg (arg 2)
../connection.c:61: warning: char format, different type arg (arg 2)
../connection.c:61: warning: char format, different type arg (arg 2)
Finished building: ../connection.c
Building target: DbConnectionC.exe
Invoking: Cygwin C Linker
gcc -L"C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Connector C 6.0.2\lib\opt" -o "DbConnectionC.exe" ./connection.o -llibmysql.lib -lmysqlclient.lib
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -llibmysql.lib
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lmysqlclient.lib
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [DbConnectionC.exe] Error 1
makefile:29: recipe for target `DbConnectionC.exe' failed
**** Build Finished ****
Please help me on this
thanks in advance
In the first part you have some warnings about possible problems:
../connection.c:39: warning: implicit declaration of function `exit'
This means function exit() is not declared, your source needs an #include <stdlib.h>
../connection.c:46: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
You don't return a value at the end of main(), add a return 0; if the program succeeds.
In the second part are linker warnings:
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -llibmysql.lib
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lmysqlclient.lib
which means the linker needs a path to the libraries or the libraries do not exist or the library names are misspelled.
One possible solution is using -lmysql -lmysqlclient instead of -llibmysql.lib -lmysqlclient.lib, but I'm not that familiar with Windows.
Having said that, I suggest strongly, you look at https://stackoverflow.com/tags/c/info and look at some book links.
i installed sabayon linux and i tried to install pycuda but i am receiving the following error when i try
su -c "make install"
In file included from src/cpp/cuda.cpp:1:0: src/cpp/cuda.hpp:12:18:
fatal error: cuda.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-g++' failed with exit status 1
I must mention that i can compile with cuda.
The same happens and when i try with
sudo -E sh -c "make install"
My .bashrc is :
# Put your fun stuff here.
export PATH=~/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/Matlab_2010b/bin
export PATH=/opt/cuda/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CUDA_ROOT=/opt/cuda/bin
(When i do echo $PATH as user it shows me : /opt/cuda/bin but when i try it as root it doesn't show anything and i had to do export PATH...again in order to show.)
You have CUDA installed in a non-standard path and the PyCUDA installer doesn't know how to find the toolkit headers it needs to compile. As per the installation instructions, you need to do something like this:
python configure.py --cuda-root=/opt/cuda
then
su -c "make install"
this will ensure that the compilation can find the necessary driver API headers to build the support libraries and hardcode all the right paths into the PyCUDA python libraries so that everything works correctly.
I'm trying to incorporate CGAL into an existing simulation project, but am having some linker trouble. The python simulation keiro.py uses a file called physics.cpp in a swig wrapper for speeding up common operations...I managed to get my physics.cpp file to compile, but running the Python simulation errors out with the following message:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "keiro.py", line 2, in
from world import World, View
File "/Users/marcstrauss/Desktop/keiro/world.py", line 9, in
from fast.physics import Vec2d, Particle, World as PhysicsWorld
File "/Users/marcstrauss/Desktop/keiro/fast/physics.py", line 7, in
import _physics
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/marcstrauss/Desktop/keiro/fast/physics.so, 2): Symbol not >found: __gmpq_clear
Referenced from: /Users/marcstrauss/Desktop/keiro/fast/_physics.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/marcstrauss/Desktop/keiro/fast/_physics.so
I figure that error with the ___gmpq_clear symbol not being recognized in the object file means that I'm not linking to CGAL properly. Here is my makefile:
all: physics.py _physics.so graphutils.py _graphutils.so
_physics.so: setup_physics.py physics_wrap.cxx physics.cpp
python setup_physics.py build_ext --inplace -I/opt/local/include/
_graphutils.so: setup_graphutils.py graphutils_wrap.cxx graphutils.cpp
python setup_graphutils.py build_ext --inplace -I/opt/local/include/
physics.py physics_wrap.cxx: physics.i physics.h
swig -python -c++ physics.i
graphutils.py graphutils_wrap.cxx: graphutils.i graphutils.h
swig -python -c++ graphutils.i -I/opt/local/include/
clean:
rm -f physics.py
rm -f graphutils.py
rm -f *.cxx
rm -f *~ *.pyc *.pyo
rm -f *.so
rm -rf build
Does anyone have any ideas for me as to how to fix this? Thanks!
On my computer the __gmpq_clear symbol is located in the libgmp library:
nm libgmp.a | grep gmpq_clear
00000000 T __gmpq_clear
Try adding -lgmp to your linking command.