How to create dropdown for <li> using bootstrap - html

I need to make drop down for one <li> element
<div class="head-nav">
<span class="menu"></span>
<ul class="cl-effect-15">
<li>HOME</li>
<li>ABOUT</li>
<li>CONTACT</li>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
<li class="pull-right">More options
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>one</li>
<li>two</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="pull-right">logout</li>
<div class="clearfix"> </div>
</ul>
</div>
but sub menu doesn't opens
using Bootstrap v3.1.1
NOTE : even adding after jquery also doesn't works

You have to use
<li class="dropdown">
Dropdown <span class="caret"></span>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>Action</li>
<li>Another action</li>
<li>Something else here</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>One more separated link</li>
</ul>
</li>
In your code, you miss class "dropdown" for li tag.
For correct dropdown, you have to use this sintax:
<li class="dropdown">
Item Dropdown <span class="caret"></span>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<!--- Put your menu-item here -->
</ul>
</li>
You can refer the Bootstrap documentation here
The issue is causing by the missing of data-toggle="dropdown" in tag a

Maybe you search this solution: JSBin
For example:
You need add the content: attr(data-hover); on your before element.
HTML:
<li class="HOVER">More options
CSS:
.HOVER {
border: solid 7px #000;
padding: 20px;
text-transform: uppercase;
font-weight: bold;
color: #fff;
position: relative;
width: 300px;
}
.HOVER:hover a:before {
content: attr(data-hover);
color: red;
display: block;
background: #000;
position: absolute;
top: 100%;
left: -7px;
right: -7px;
padding: 15px;
}

You're missing the the following attributes:
class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"
and those attributes go on the element you want to be the "Hook" for the dropdown list.
Sample markup below:
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#lala" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" >
Java
<b class="caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="listbox">
<li>jmeter</li>
<li>EJB</li>
<li>Jasper Report</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>One more separated link</li>
</ul>
</li>
Edit
Here is an example Fiddle; notice how if you remove data-toggle="dropdown", the code won't work . :)

Related

How can I prevent Bootstrap Navbar from stacking the brand on top of the menu?

I've customized a basic Bootstrap navbar - that's about all I'm really using for a project, to not collapse when shrunk. However, whenever the menu is put into a smaller window, it seems to place the brand on top of the menu itself.
There will be enough space to not worry about this with the actual menu, so I'd like to figure out how to prevent it from doing this - here is the related script:
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project</a>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>About</li>
<li>Contact</li>
<li class="dropdown">
Dropdown <span class="caret"></span>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>Action</li>
<li>Another action</li>
<li>Something else here</li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li>
<li>Separated link</li>
<li>One more separated link</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li>Fixed top</li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div><!--/.container-fluid -->
And my applied CSS for it at the moment:
.navbar-collapse.collapse {
display: block!important;
}
.navbar-nav>li, .navbar-nav {
float: left !important;
}
.navbar-nav.navbar-right:last-child {
margin-right: -15px !important;
}
.navbar-right {
float: right!important;
}
.container-fluid {
width: 80%;
margin: auto;
}
Your <div class="navbar-header"> is a block, just move <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project</a> into navbar block.
.navbar-brand {
margin-top: 3px;
margin-right: 15px;
}
.navbar-collapse.collapse {
display: block!important;
}
.navbar-nav>li,
.navbar-nav {
float: left !important;
}
.navbar-nav.navbar-right:last-child {
margin-right: -15px !important;
}
.navbar-right {
float: right !important;
}
.container-fluid {
width: 90%;
margin: auto;
}
.navbar-brand {
margin-top: 2px;
margin-right: 15px;
}
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project</a>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>About</li>
<li>Contact</li>
<li class="dropdown">
Dropdown <span class="caret"></span>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>Action</li>
<li>Another action</li>
<li>Something else here</li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li>
<li>Separated link</li>
<li>One more separated link</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li>Fixed top</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
<!--/.container-fluid -->
Add below markup just below of <div class="container-fluid"> in your html.
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project</a>
Below is working fiddle for the same
Responsive navigation with bootstrap

Bootstrap sub menu just with hover

I have menu with sub menus. When i hover an li it works fine and show me the sub menu and hide. But if i click in menu it shows the sub menu but doesn't hide. I don't want allow to click on menu. Just show sub menu with hover.
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button"
aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">menu</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>submenu 1</li>
<li>submenu 2</li>
<li>submenu 3</li>
<li>submenu 4</li>
</ul>
</li>
How can i solve that?
Thank you
Please add below css in your css file
.open > .dropdown-menu{display:none;}
li.dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {display: block;}
Here is the working solution:
body {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.dropdown-menu .sub-menu {
left: 100%;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
visibility: hidden;
margin-top: -1px;
}
.dropdown-menu li:hover .sub-menu {
visibility: visible;
}
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
display: block;
}
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="active">Regular link</li>
<li class="dropdown">
Dropdown <b class="caret"></b>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" id="menu1">
<li>
2-level Menu <i class="icon-arrow-right"></i>
<ul class="dropdown-menu sub-menu">
<li>Action</li>
<li>Another action</li>
<li>Something else here</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="nav-header">Nav header</li>
<li>Separated link</li>
<li>One more separated link</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Another action</li>
<li>Something else here</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
Menu
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
Menu
</li>
</ul>
For the responsive you can find demo from here

Adding a column to a Navbar Dropdown [closed]

Closed. This question needs details or clarity. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Add details and clarify the problem by editing this post.
Closed 7 years ago.
Improve this question
I would like to add a column to academic affairs so I can have two groups of four links adjacent to each other but I have failed at every attempt. Any help will be greatly appreciated.
</button><div class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button
IBHE
</div><!--enf of navbar-header -->
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-home">Home</li>
<li>Executive Director's Corner
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>Meet Dr. James Applegate</li>
<li>Blog</li>
<li>Media</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> Academic Affairs
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>IBHE Approval & Review</li>
<li>Academic Degree Programs</li>
<li>Colleges & Universities </li>
<li>SARA</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Enrollment & Degrees</li>
<li>Transfer of Academic Credits</li>
<li>P-20 Education Pipeline</li>
<li>Underrepresented Groups</li>
<li>Distance Education</li>
I am guessing you are using bootstrap, here is what i recomend below will give you an example of a few different Column layouts in dropdown part of the menu.
.dropdown-menu {
min-width: 200px;
}
.dropdown-menu.columns-2 {
min-width: 400px;
}
.dropdown-menu.columns-3 {
min-width: 600px;
}
.dropdown-menu li a {
padding: 5px 15px;
font-weight: 300;
}
.multi-column-dropdown {
list-style: none;
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
.multi-column-dropdown li a {
display: block;
clear: both;
line-height: 1.428571429;
color: #333;
white-space: normal;
}
.multi-column-dropdown li a:hover {
text-decoration: none;
color: #262626;
background-color: #999;
}
#media (max-width: 767px) {
.dropdown-menu.multi-column {
min-width: 240px !important;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
}
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
</div>
<!--/.navbar-header-->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="dropdown">
One Column <b class="caret"></b>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>Action
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>One more separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
Two Column <b class="caret"></b>
<ul class="dropdown-menu multi-column columns-2">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<ul class="multi-column-dropdown">
<li>Action
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here that's extra long so we can see how it looks
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>One more separated link
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<ul class="multi-column-dropdown">
<li>Action
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>One more separated link
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
Three Column <b class="caret"></b>
<ul class="dropdown-menu multi-column columns-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
<ul class="multi-column-dropdown">
<li>Action
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>One more separated link
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">
<ul class="multi-column-dropdown">
<li>Action
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>One more separated link
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">
<ul class="multi-column-dropdown">
<li>Action
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>One more separated link
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Link
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--/.navbar-collapse-->
</nav>
<!--/.navbar-->
External resources being used:
Important:
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />

Multilevel Dropdown in Bootstrap 3.3.5

I have the following HTML code and I've structured it to how I think it should be achieved based on the mark-up in the Bootstrap docs.
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active">
Home
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
Hospital<span class="caret"></span>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li class="dropdown">
Consultants <span class="caret"></span>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>Adult cardiac surgery</li>
<li>Bariatric surgery</li>
<li>Colorectal surgery</li>
<li>Endocrine and thyroid surgery</li>
<li>Head and neck cancer surgery</li>
<li>Interventional cardiology</li>
<li>Lung Cancer</li>
<li>Neurosurgery</li>
<li>Orthopaedic surgery</li>
<li>Upper gastro-intestinal surgery</li>
<li>Urological surgery</li>
<li>Vascular surgery</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Another action</li>
<li>Something else here</li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li>
<li>Separated link</li>
<li>One more separated link</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
However, this isn't working, it gives me this:
When I click on the Consultants, it simply gets rid of the dropdown. Can multilevel drop-downs be achieved with Bootstrap CSS/JS alone? Or must we write custom CSS for it?
Any easy solutions that would work similar to how a single nest level work, and are responsive and touch-friendly (for tablets and phones)?
Thanks
I don't recall any default example from bootstrap 3 having 3 level drop down nav menu, but you can do like this, little bit of customization and java-script and it's fully responsive.
HTML
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"> Home
</li>
<li class="dropdown">Hospital<b class="caret"></b>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu">Consultants
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>Adult cardiac surgery
</li>
<li>Bariatric surgery
</li>
<li>Colorectal surgery
</li>
<li>Endocrine and thyroid surgery
</li>
<li>Head and neck cancer surgery
</li>
<li>Interventional cardiology
</li>
<li>Lung Cancer
</li>
<li>Neurosurgery
</li>
<li>Orthopaedic surgery
</li>
<li>Upper gastro-intestinal surgery
</li>
<li>Urological surgery
</li>
<li>Vascular surgery
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
<li>One more separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
CSS
.dropdown-submenu {
position:relative;
}
.dropdown-submenu>.dropdown-menu {
top:0;
left:100%;
margin-top:-6px;
margin-left:-1px;
-webkit-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
-moz-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
}
.dropdown-submenu>a:after {
display:block;
content:" ";
float:right;
width:0;
height:0;
border-color:transparent;
border-style:solid;
border-width:5px 0 5px 5px;
border-left-color:#cccccc;
margin-top:5px;
margin-right:-10px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover>a:after {
border-left-color:#555;
}
.dropdown-submenu.pull-left {
float:none;
}
.dropdown-submenu.pull-left>.dropdown-menu {
left:-100%;
margin-left:10px;
-webkit-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
-moz-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
}
JS
(function ($) {
$(document).ready(function () {
$('ul.dropdown-menu [data-toggle=dropdown]').on('click', function (event) {
event.preventDefault();
event.stopPropagation();
$(this).parent().siblings().removeClass('open');
$(this).parent().toggleClass('open');
});
});
})(jQuery);
Working Example

col-sm-* width issue inside absolute div on Bootstrap 3

I'm triying to make sidebar megamenu.
But i stacked megamenu width because of all widths percentage.
When i use px width, its working. I dont want to use as pixels.
Tried here: http://jsfiddle.net/p8SeB/
When you hover mouse on Clothing & Accessories, you will see the issue
HTML:
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-3">
<ul class="sidemenu yamm list-group">
<li class="list-group-item"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Deal of the Day <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>Action 2
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Clothing & Accessories <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>
<div class="yamm-content">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="list-group"> <a href="#" class="list-group-item active">
Cras justo odio
</a>
Dapibus ac facilisis in
Morbi leo risus
Porta ac consectetur ac
Vestibulum at eros
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="embed-container">
<iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/5606758" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
</div>
<h5><span class="light">Awesome</span> Video</h5>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Possimus, maiores.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Electronic <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>Another 4
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Home, Dolls, Toys <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>Another 5
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Collection & Art <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>Another 6
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Personal Care & Fitness <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>Another 7
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Music, Movies, Books, Games <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>Another 8
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Cars, Motorcycles Accessories <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>Another 9
</li>
<li>Another action
</li>
<li>Something else here
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>Separated link
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="item active">
<img src="http://placehold.it/790x300" style="width: 100%">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="http://placehold.it/790x300" style="width: 100%">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="http://placehold.it/790x300" style="width: 100%">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
CSS:
.sidemenu { position: relative }
.sidemenu > .list-group-item { cursor: pointer; padding: 0; position: initial;}
.sidemenu > .list-group-item > a { width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px; display: block; color: #333; text-decoration: none; position: relative; }
.sidemenu-sub
{
display: none;
width: auto;
top: -2px;
bottom: 0;
left: 100% !important;
background: #FFF;
position: absolute;
border: 1px solid #dedede;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
z-index: 1001;
border-left: 0;
webkit-box-shadow: none;
box-shadow: none;
}
.sidemenu > .list-group-item:hover
{
border-right: 0;
}
.sidemenu > .list-group-item:hover .dropdown-menu
{
display: block;
}
.sidemenu > li.list-group-item:hover, li.list-group-item:focus {
text-decoration: none;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
.right-caret
{
border-bottom: 4px solid transparent;
border-top: 4px solid transparent;
border-left: 4px solid #000000;
display: inline-block;
height: 0;
opacity: 0.3;
vertical-align: middle;
width: 0;
position: absolute;
bottom:40%;
top: 40%;
right: 10px
}
You won't be able to use percentages that are lower than 100% for this one as you're enclosing within divs that are smaller than what you need in that specific submenu. You could try to widen the ul to 250% within 'Clothing & Accessories':
<li class="list-group-item">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Clothing & Accessories <b class="right-caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="sidemenu-sub dropdown-menu" role="menu" style="width:250%">
<!-- this is what I added |_________________|
... -->
</ul>
</li>
I updated your fiddle