Some of my webpages are short. In those pages, the footer might end up in the middle of the window and below the footer is whitespace (in white). That looks ugly. I'd like the footer to be at the bottom of the window and the limited content body just gets stretched.
However, if the webpage is long and you have to scroll to see the footer (or all of it), then things should behave as normal.
What's the proper way to do this with CSS? Do I need Javascript/jQuery to make this happen?
I only care about IE9+ and modern versions of other browsers. The height of the footer can change from page to page too, so I'd like to not rely on the height.
Check out this site. He has a good tutorial on how to do this with css.
I copied his css just in case Matthew's site is taken down.
html,
body {
margin:0;
padding:0;
height:100%;
}
#container {
min-height:100%;
position:relative;
}
#header {
background:#ff0;
padding:10px;
}
#body {
padding:10px;
padding-bottom:60px; /* Height of the footer */
}
#footer {
position:absolute;
bottom:0;
width:100%;
height:60px; /* Height of the footer */
background:#6cf;
}
EDIT
Since the height of the footer is different from page to page, you could get the height of the footer and then adjust the #body padding-bottom with javascript. Here is an example using jquery.
$(function(){
$('#body').css('padding-bottom', $('#footer').height()+'px');
});
Give this a try.
It is a copy of the styles that Github uses to keep it's footer at the bottom of a page. It is a little hacky, and requires you to know the height of your footer (which may not work for your use case)
Markup
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="content"><p>Page Content</p></div>
<div class="footer-push"></div>
</div>
<footer>
<p>footer-text</p>
<img src="http://placekitten.com/100/100" alt="footer image">
</footer>
CSS (well, scss)
// our page element
html {
height:100%;
}
body {
height:100%;
}
.wrapper {
background:gray;
min-height:100%;
height: auto !important; // the magic!
height:100%;
margin-bottom:-158px; // the height of our footer + margin
}
.footer-push {
clear:both;
height:158px; // the height of our footer + margin
}
footer {
background:rgba(#a388a3,0.8);
margin-top:20px;
height:138px;
}
The important things here seem to be:
Setting height: 100% on containing elements (esp html and body)
Knowing the height of your footer, and accounting for it with a "push" element
using the combination of min-height height: auto !important and height:100%
Hope that helps!
HTML
<body>
<div class="example">
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur...</p>
</div>
<footer>
<ul>
<li>One</li>
<li>Two</li>
<li>Three</li>
</ul>
</footer>
</body>
CSS
body {
min-height: 100%;
}
footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
}
Considering that all your footer is inside the <footer> html tag, this is an easy solution using jQuery.
JS:
$(document).ready(function(){
$('body').css('padding-bottom', $('footer').height()+'px');
});
CSS:
footer {
position:absolute;
bottom:0;
}
No it's very easy set a minimum for your body height.
like this:
min-height:500px;
then the min height is 500px.
use min-height property, though not entirely reliable as some older versions may not support it. Throw in some javascript if you dont mind.
This question already has answers here:
How to set the margin or padding as percentage of height of parent container?
(9 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
I have very simple markup and style rules that should put my div in the middle of the page, but it does not (actually, the top of the div would be at the middle, not 100% truly centered vertically) when the viewport is of a small enough height.
HTML:
<div>adf</div>
CSS:
div {
background-color:red;
margin-top:50%;
}
You can look at my Fiddle to see this. It will require you shrink the rendered window (bottom right) a bit, as it is correct initially.
Instead of 50% try 50vh
50% doesn't do what you think it would - it actually uses the width of the parent container, not the height to calculate.
Try replacing percentages with vh
div {
background-color:red;
margin-top:50vh;
}
<div>adf</div>
Here are more cool stuff about viewport sized measures
Here is another solution:
http://jsfiddle.net/nb6pq14v/
html, body{height:100%; margin:0;padding:0}
.container-fluid{
height:100%;
display:table;
width: 100%;
padding: 0;
}
.row-fluid {height: 100%; display:table-cell; vertical-align: middle;}
.centering {
float:none;
margin:0 auto;
background: #abc;
height: 25px;
}
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="centering text-center">
</div>
</div>
</div>
This question already has answers here:
How can I vertically center a div element for all browsers using CSS?
(48 answers)
Closed 8 years ago.
Here's my situation: I'm trying to make a page with two DIVsfilling whole page (height 100%, width 50% each). Also, the content in the DIVs is to be vertically aligned to middle.
Is there an easy way to achieve this without hacks or javascript?
I've tried body,html{height:100%;} .mydiv {display:table-cell;height:100%;vertical-align-middle}
but that doesn't work...and with that code, i have to specify width in pixels instead of percentage
Live Demo
I just made a jsFiddle showing my suggestion to a solution. Here I take into account that you want two <div>s filling 50% of the width each, 100% height, and that you want the content to be vertically aligned in the middle. Here is the simplified working solution with source code.
HTML
<div id="outer">
<div id="table-container">
<div id="table-cell">
This content is vertically centered.
</div>
</div>
</div>
CSS
#outer {
position:absolute;
top:0;
left:0;
width:50%;
height:100%;
}
#table-container {
height:100%;
width:100%;
display:table;
}
#table-cell {
vertical-align:middle;
height:100%;
display:table-cell;
border:1px solid #000;
}
For reference, I used this tutorial.
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
Will give you a box that fills to 100% height. Make sure your HTML and BODY tags are large enough:
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
Do you want this type of design ? => Example Fiddle
Problem
I'm using this implementation of a CSS sticky footer. It does:
html,body{
height:100%;
}
I use (would like to) use a repeating background, however, the height:100% causes this issue:
(image from another sticky footer question with unsatisfactory answers)
It's my understanding that the image gets sized to the size of the window at rendering, and thus never sizes past that.
Question
Is it possible to continue to use my existing choice of CSS sticky footer with a repeating background image rendered completely on long pages
OR
is there another option of CSS sticky footers which does support the repeating background?
For reference
<div id="wrap">
<div id="header">Header text</div>
<div id="main">
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">Footer Text</div>
CSS
* {margin:0;padding:0;}
html, body {height: 100%;}
#wrap {min-height: 100%;}
#main {overflow:auto;
padding-bottom: 180px;} /* must be same height as the footer */
#footer {position: relative;
margin-top: -180px; /* negative value of footer height */
height: 180px;
clear:both;}
Simply add additional wrapper. At least I always do exactly that. And attach bg-image to div#no-footer, it will stretch to the bottom
html, body {
height:100%;
}
#wrap {
min-height:100%;
background-image:url(...) top left repeat-x;
}
#no-footer-pad {
padding-bottom:100px;
}
#footer {
height:100px;
margin-top:-100px;
}
html markup:
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<div id="wrap">
<div id="no-footer-pad"></div>
</div>
<div id="footer"></div>
</body>
So you have almost this markup, you must simply add additional div (#no-footer-pad), so that your content would not overlap footer
Hey now used to position fixed for this sticky footer as like this
.footer{
position:fixed;
bottom:0;
left:0;
right:0;
height:xxxx;
}
I have a header element and a content element:
#header
#content
I want the header to be of fixed height and the content to fill up all the remaining height available on the screen, with overflow-y: scroll;.
It this possible without Javascript?
forget all the answers, this line of CSS worked for me in 2 seconds :
height:100vh;
1vh = 1% of browser screen height
source
For responsive layout scaling, you might want to use :
min-height: 100vh
[update november 2018]
As mentionned in the comments, using the min-height might avoid having issues on reponsive designs
[update april 2018] As mentioned in the comments, back in 2011 when the question was asked, not all browsers supported the viewport units.
The other answers were the solutions back then -- vmax is still not supported in IE, so this might not be the best solution for all yet.
The trick to this is specifying 100% height on the html and body elements.
Some browsers look to the parent elements (html, body) to calculate the height.
<html>
<body>
<div id="Header">
</div>
<div id="Content">
</div>
</body>
</html>
html, body
{
height: 100%;
}
#Header
{
width: 960px;
height: 150px;
}
#Content
{
height: 100%;
width: 960px;
}
Actually the best approach is this:
html {
height:100%;
}
body {
min-height:100%;
}
This solves everything for me and it helps me to control my footer and it can have the fixed footer no matter if page is being scrolled down.
Technical Solution - EDITED
Historically, 'height' is tricky thing to mold with, compared to 'width', the easiest. Since css focus on <body> for styling to work. The code above - we gave <html> and <body> a height. This is where magic comes into picture - since we have 'min-height' on playing table, we are telling browser that <body> is superior over <html> because <body> holds the min-height. This in turn, allows <body> to override <html> because <html> had height already earlier. In other words, we are tricking browser to "bump" <html> off the table, so we could style independently.
You can use vh on the min-height property.
min-height: 100vh;
You can do as follows, depending on how you are using the margins...
min-height: calc(100vh - 10px) //Considering you're using some 10px margin top on an outside element
The accepted solution will not actually work.
You will notice that the content div will be equal to the height of its parent, body.
So setting the body height to 100% will set it equal to the height of the browser window. Let's say the browser window was 768px in height, by setting the content div height to 100%, the div's height will in turn be 768px. Thus, you will end up with the header div being 150px and the content div being 768px. In the end you will have content 150px below the bottom of the page. For another solution, check out this link.
With HTML5 you can do this:
CSS:
body, html{ width:100%; height:100%; padding: 0; margin: 0;}
header{ width:100%; height: 70px; }
section{ width: 100%; height: calc(100% - 70px);}
HTML:
<header>blabablalba </header>
<section> Content </section>
For me, the next worked well:
I wrapped the header and the content on a div
<div class="main-wrapper">
<div class="header">
</div>
<div class="content">
</div>
</div>
I used this reference to fill the height with flexbox. The CSS goes like this:
.main-wrapper {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100vh;
}
.header {
flex: 1;
}
.content {
flex: 1;
}
For more info about the flexbox technique, visit the reference
Please let me add my 5 cents here and offer a classical solution:
html {height:100%;}
body {height:100%; margin:0;}
#idOuter {position:relative; width:100%; height:100%;}
#idHeader {position:absolute; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px red;}
#idContent {position:absolute; overflow-y:scroll; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px green;}
<div id="idOuter">
<div id="idHeader" style="height:30px; top:0;">Header section</div>
<div id="idContent" style="top:36px; bottom:0;">Content section</div>
</div>
This will work in all browsers, no script, no flex. Open snippet in full page mode and resize browser: desired proportions are preserved even in fullscreen mode.
Note:
Elements with different background color can actually cover
each other. Here I used solid border to ensure that elements are placed
correctly.
idHeader.height and idContent.top are adjusted to include border,
and should have the same value if border is not used. Otherwise
elements will pull out of the viewport, since calculated width does
not include border, margin and/or padding.
left:0; right:0; can be replaced by width:100% for the same
reason, if no border used.
Testing in separate page (not as a snippet) does not require any
html/body adjustment.
In IE6 and earlier versions we must add padding-top and/or
padding-bottom attributes to #idOuter element.
To complete my answer, here is the footer layout:
html {height:100%;}
body {height:100%; margin:0;}
#idOuter {position:relative; width:100%; height:100%;}
#idContent {position:absolute; overflow-y:scroll; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px green;}
#idFooter {position:absolute; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px blue;}
<div id="idOuter">
<div id="idContent" style="bottom:36px; top:0;">Content section</div>
<div id="idFooter" style="height:30px; bottom:0;">Footer section</div>
</div>
And here is the layout with both header and footer:
html {height:100%;}
body {height:100%; margin:0;}
#idOuter {position:relative; width:100%; height:100%;}
#idHeader {position:absolute; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px red;}
#idContent {position:absolute; overflow-y:scroll; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px green;}
#idFooter {position:absolute; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px blue;}
<div id="idOuter">
<div id="idHeader" style="height:30px; top:0;">Header section</div>
<div id="idContent" style="top:36px; bottom:36px;">Content section</div>
<div id="idFooter" style="height:30px; bottom:0;">Footer section</div>
</div>
You can also set the parent to display: inline. See http://codepen.io/tommymarshall/pen/cECyH
Be sure to also have the height of html and body set to 100%, too.
The accepted answer does not work. And the highest voted answer does not answer the actual question. With a fixed pixel height header, and a filler in the remaining display of the browser, and scroll for owerflow. Here is a solution that actually works, using absolute positioning. I also assume that the height of the header is known, by the sound of "fixed header" in the question. I use 150px as an example here:
HTML:
<html>
<body>
<div id="Header">
</div>
<div id="Content">
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS:(adding background-color for visual effect only)
#Header
{
height: 150px;
width: 100%;
background-color: #ddd;
}
#Content
{
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
top: 150px;
bottom: 0;
background-color: #aaa;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
For a more detailed look how this works, with actual content inside the #Content, have a look at this jsfiddle, using bootstrap rows and columns.
In this instance I want my main content div to be liquid height so that the whole page takes up 100% of the browser height.
height: 100vh;
Unless you need to support IE 9 and below, I would use flexbox
body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.header { height: 70px; }
.content { flex: 1 1 0 }
You also need to get body to fill the whole page
body, html{ width:100%; height:100%; padding: 0; margin: 0;}
CSS PLaY | cross browser fixed header/footer/centered single column layout
CSS Frames, version 2: Example 2, specified width | 456 Berea Street
One important thing is that although this sounds easy, there's going to be quite a bit of ugly code going into your CSS file to get an effect like this. Unfortunately, it really is the only option.
#Header
{
width: 960px;
height: 150px;
}
#Content
{
min-height:100vh;
height: 100%;
width: 960px;
}
The best solution I found so far is setting a footer element at the bottom of the page and then evaluate the difference of the offset of the footer and the element we need to expand.
e.g.
The html file
<div id="contents"></div>
<div id="footer"></div>
The css file
#footer {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
}
The js file (using jquery)
var contents = $('#contents');
var footer = $('#footer');
contents.css('height', (footer.offset().top - contents.offset().top) + 'px');
You might also like to update the height of the contents element on each window resize, so...
$(window).on('resize', function() {
contents.css('height', (footer.offset().top -contents.offset().top) + 'px');
});
Have you tried something like this?
CSS:
.content {
height: 100%;
display: block;
}
HTML:
<div class=".content">
<!-- Content goes here -->
</div>