POSTFIX: API or Documentation for developing IMAP-Client - imapclient

I am looking for a API or Documentation for developing a IMAP-Client for POSTFIX. I am planning to use html5 for front end and php for backend.

The fact that your mail server runs on postfix is completely irrelevant. You should learn about the IMAP protocol, and to be able to use it, you can start with the PHP IMAP functions.
Sorry for pointing directly to the manual but when you have some code to show us, you can go back and explain where you got stuck and then we can try to help again.

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Implement a http server with RESTful http API

I've started to learn backend development, focus on http server mainly.
But I'm really new to this, so it's a little out of focus for me, and I could really use some advice.
For example, if I try to implement something like this
A http server runs on linux/Windows
A private REST API which allows to POST a json object, plus a login mechanism, so only authorised user can do the POST.
Implement a public REST API which allows to GET the same json object
And here is my question:
Can I use Nodejs and express to implement all these? I also know little about them.
Do I need a Database to implement the login mechanism?
Is there any similar tutorial or best practise I can study from?
Regards
Ben
Yes, you can use NodeJS for this.
Not necessarily. You just need a way to authorise users. Most common is to use a database to store a username/email and password, but you could also look into using a third-party service for this, for example facebook or google
Yes, there is a lot of tutorials and especially best practices on this subject. Your question is too broad to link relevant material, but some terms you can use to google this yourself is "nodejs rest api" "rest api best practice". Passport.js is a good place to start for getting into authorising users. For REST-api, the closer you get to normal web standards, the better - Especially if other people than you are going to consume the api.
Node.js is a run-time environment/framework/platform for developing non-blocking I/O server side processes, services, or RESTful API's. You can start by learning what Node.js can do before you go on developing a login story and, and a restful endpoint here
Next if you intend to go all the way and learn full-stack web development start from here, This will guide you to learn Node.js , Express.js, Mongodb, and finally Angular.js for front-end. Good luck and happy coding
Yes, you can use Node.js and Express.js. I recomend you to read some articles about REST and TDD from this amazing blog, especialy this or this.

HTTP Post method in GTK+

Recently, I'm building an application this must request to server to get data from this. I use GTK+ to coding.
I search in the internet many times. but I don't get result i can use. So anyone can taught me how to request to server by json to get data from server
Take a look at Libsoup, it does what you want and integrates with GLib and GTK. Here is a tutorial that explains how to use it and how to do a HTTP POST.

Comet Chat in GoDaddy Linux Dedicated Server?

I want to know if it's possible to make my own chat application with ajax push.
And if it's, what is the easiest way to do it?
I know how to use javascript and make ajax calls but that's as far as I go. I can find tutorials myself but I can't tell whether the method is good or not so any links will be appreciated.
Thanks
to use ajax push (comet), you must make a server that will keep concurrent connections.
You can really do anything look for echo servers in your favorite language. Java/C/C++.. I'd do this in Java since it can run on Linux as well.
You can use http://www.ape-project.org/ which seems to be done already all for you.. but seems complex.. I'd recommend starting from scratch with a echo server.
I would recommend using Node.js as it is great at Comet/Ajax-push. Why is it great? Comet applications tend to be event driven and Node.js/javascript excels at these kinds of things.
However, if you prefer to do it in Java, Tomcat actually supports Comet as long as your servlet implements CometProcessor and you use NIO as your http connector. See http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/aio.html

socket.io and .Net socket server

Excuse me if the question sounds silly but I have to ask. Is there a server side alternative to Node.js written in C#? I need a client framework to fully utilize Web Sockets but AFAIK IE doesn't support Web Sockets and nor will it support in it's next version. socket.io uses Web Sockets if available and falls back to BOSH if not. So I will try to connect to a socket server that is running on .Net Framework.
What are my alternatives?
Excuse me for raising this thread from the dead - my friend and I just posted a server-side websocket server for C#: https://github.com/Olivine-Labs/Alchemy-Websockets
It's fast, it's scalable, and doesn't do everything socket.io does, on purpose: it provides websockets and a flash fallback, which keeps it very lean and efficient. I see you've already done your own stuff, but check it out; and hopefully it'll help others on SO.
Might be an answer to an old question, but I'll write here in case other finds this question using a search engine. Have a look at SignalR (http://signalr.net/) for that abstraction. For a nice post on what SignalR is please read Scott Hanselman's post http://www.hanselman.com/blog/AsynchronousScalableWebApplicationsWithRealtimePersistentLongrunningConnectionsWithSignalR.aspx.

fastest public web app framework for quick DB apps?

I'd like to pick up a new tech for my toolbox - something for rapid prototyping of web apps. Brief requirements:
public access (not hosted on my machine) - like Google's appengine, etc
no tricky configuration necessary to build a simple web app host
DB access (small storage provided) including some kind of SQLish query language
easy front end HTML templating
ability to access as a JSON service
C# or Java,PHP or Python - or a fun new language to learn is OK
free!
An example app, very simple: render an AJAXy editable (add/delete/edit/drag) list of rich-data list items via some template language, so I can quickly mock up a UI for a client. ie. I can do most of the work client-side, but need convenient back end to handle the permanent storage. (In fact I suppose it doesn't even need HTML templating if I can directly access a DB via AJAX calls.)
I realize this is a bit vague but am wondering if anyone has recommendations. A Rails host might be best for this (but probably not free) or maybe App Engine, or some other choice I'm not aware of? I've been doing everything with heavyweight servers (ASP.NET etc) for so long that I'm just not up on the latest...
Thanks - I'll follow up on comments if this isn't clear enough :)
C# or Java,PHP or Python - or a fun new language to learn is OK
How 'bout Javascript? This place hosts server-side Javascript ticking most of your other boxes. So you can use the same language for client- and server-side stuff (which I find very handy). [Caveat: I only played with their service; seemed cool though. I use Javascript on the server-side on IIS and on Tomcat (via Rhino).]
For something bleeding edge - A new version of spring roo was released recently. With it you can create a great web app in 10 minutes. Supports GAE and GWT...
http://www.springsource.org/roo
xataface is a quick way to make a front end for a MySQL database.
It makes it easy to start an app quickly with dynamically created views and then you can change it to something very customized to your needs.
It simply needs a server service with MySQL and PHP.