Adding Foreign key but getting constraint violation error - mysql

Question

I have four tables:
1)Country:Two columns
a) country_id
b) country_name
2)State: Three columns
a) state_id
b) state_name
c) country_id(foreign key)
3)City: Three Columns
a) city_id
b) city_name
c) state_id(foreign key)
4) Doctor: 20 Columns
a) doc_id (primary key)
b) doc_name
c) email,gender age and so on
I have populated these tables with dara.
I am adding three new columns: country_id, state_id and city_id in doctor table as a foreign key.
When I insert the country_id, state_id and city_id as a foreign key in that table I got this error
1452 - Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`medical_network`.`#sql-4174_45`, CONSTRAINT `#sql-4174_45_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `country` (`country_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)
I know this is a basic error, but can't find the mistake.
Doctor Table:
CREATE TABLE `doctor` (
`doc_id` int(9) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`doc_fname` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`doc_lname` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`doc_province` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`doc_city` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
`doc_gender` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`doc_fathername` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`doc_age` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`doc_cnic` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`doc_medclgname` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`doc_specilization` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`doc_phoneno` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`doc_officeno` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`doc_email` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
`doc_gradyear` int(10) NOT NULL,
`doc_licenseno` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`doc_hosp` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`doc_pass` varchar(35) NOT NULL,
`doc_address` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`doc_country` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`doc_img` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`totime` time NOT NULL,
`fromtime` time NOT NULL,
`todate` date NOT NULL,
`fromdate` date NOT NULL,
`country_id` int(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`doc_id`),
KEY `country_id` (`country_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=30 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin
Country Table:
CREATE TABLE `country` (
`country_id` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`country_name` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`country_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=252 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
State Table Query:
CREATE TABLE `state` (
`state_id` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`state_name` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`country_id` int(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`state_id`),
KEY `country_id` (`country_id`),
CONSTRAINT `state_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `country` (`country_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
City Table:
CREATE TABLE `city` (
`city_id` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`city_name` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`state_id` int(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`city_id`),
KEY `state_id` (`state_id`),
CONSTRAINT `city_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`state_id`) REFERENCES `state` (`state_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

Answer 1

First Add All the columns you want to make foreign keys in the Table.
Add some relevant data into it.
Now Alter the table and make those new added column a foreign key.
ie
ALTER TABLE TblName
AD FOREIGN KEY (P_Id)
REFERENCES ParentTable(P_Id)

Answer 2

In English:
You have some doctors who are in unknown countries.
In DB-speak:
One or more rows of doctor have a value for country_id that in not found in the country_id column of country.
Check that the values of country_id for new doctor rows exist in the country table.
To find them if doctor rows already exist:
select d.*
from doctor d
left join country c on c.country_id = doctor.country_id
where c.country_id is null

Answer 3

Change the column country_id int(20) NULL in 'doctor' table