Heys guys. I've made a simple sample of a problem that has had me stumped for a long time - the code below has no purpose at all, it just shows the problem in a more legible way.
HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="teste.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="bar"></div>
<span>
Palavra
</span>
</body>
</html>
CSS:
#bar {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
height: 7%;
background-color: #5959AB;
color: white;
font-family: "Arial";
font-size: 150%;
font-weight: bold;
}
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
The result is:
So, I tried to make "Palavra" go up by adding a padding-bottom to it:
span {
padding-bottom: 2000px;
}
The result is:
"Palavra" just stays at the same precise position but a vertical scrolling bar appeared. It seems that "Palavra" is pushing down it's bottom part because it just can't go up from where it is.
This problem is appearing for me in so many ways that my mind is already blowing - can someone please help?
You need to give your span display: block
Then use a negative margin-top value
Example
There are 2 good ways to position the span.
You can make it display:block, and use a negative top margin as Lloyd Banks describes. The span needs to change from the default inline element to a block element because the top margin does not work with inline elements, but it does work with block elements.
From W3C "Margin properties specify the width of the margin area of a box. ... These properties apply to all elements, but vertical margins will not have any effect on non-replaced inline elements."
With this technique, you'll need a z-index on the div and span, so the span will be on top of the div, and not slide underneath it. MDN z-index article
JSFiddle Example
#bar {
position:relative;
width:100%;
height:25px;
background-color:#5959AB;
color:white;
font-family:"Arial";
font-size:150%;
font-weight:bold;
z-index:1;
}
span{
position:relative;
display:block;
margin-top:-25px;
z-index:2;
}
The second way is to absolutely position the span so it will be pulled out of the document flow, and placed at the top of its container.
JSFiddle Example
span{
position:absolute;
top:0px;
}
Adding padding to the bottom of the span will increase the size/length of the span by adding space to the bottom only. It will not push the span up from its original location, but it will push elements below it further down the page (because the span is now larger).
When you added 2000px bottom padding to the span, it was over 2000px tall, and was taller than your browser window, thus causing the scrollbar. Adding a background color to your element is a good way to see how padding and sizing work.
Here's a good detailed article from W3C on the box model including margins and padding http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/box.html#box-margin-area
And here is an easy article with a "Try it yourself" example: http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_boxmodel.asp
You should rather write 'Palavra' in the div itself.
<div id="bar">
<span>
Palavra
</span>
</div>
Once you close the tag the will start from the very next line.
Moreover, If you want to take the content upward you have to work with the padding-top not the bottom one ! But, this will not help you taking your content into the as starts after the .
By adding padding-bottom you are increasing the size of the CSS box as per the Box model which is worthless here!
Related
I am trying to put an absolute div inside a relatively positioned div. But I don't want to define a height for the relative div.
The relative div has a background colour and when I don't define a height the absolute div goes 'outside' the relative div. I can't control how many lines the text will be so the height of the divs change
HTML
<div class="row top-footer">
<div class="top-footer-text text-center">
<div class="test">
<h1>title</h1>
<div class="footer-btn-wrap">
<div class="footer-btn">button</div>
<div class="footer-btn">button</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- /top-footer -->
CSS
.top-footer {
position: relative;
background-color: #686a6f;
width: 100%;
padding-top: 40px; margin: 0;
}
.test {
position: absolute;
top: 0px; margin: 0;
}
EDIT
I want .top-footer (position: relative) to contain .test (position: absolute) with space/padding/margin on the top and bottom of .test. the height of the div is unknown because the content may take up more than one line depending on screen size
Adding whitespace around the child div is fairly trivial. However preventing the parent div from collapsing is more tricky and is the thing you need to tackle first. The problem you are having is that with the parent relatively positioned and the child absolutely positioned, the only element on the entire page that actually "knows" where the child is is the parent... and even then it's a fairly bad parent because it won't even make enough space for the child! The rest of the DOM will behave as if the element isn't even there - other non-positioned elements will float over or above it - even text will be obscured by your child div. Assuming you want to put other content in the parent div using absolute positioning in this way only means you're going to have to use absolute positioning all around the place... which can get a bit heavy on the brain debugging layout problems later on.
The only possible solutions I can think of offhand are:
Use javaascript to sniff out the height of the child div and apply that to the parent. A fairly simple job if you use a library like jQuery but that requires extra downloaded files and makes your site unnecessarily bulky if this is the only task you're using it for. THis also wouldn't solve the problem of the child div obscuring other elements on the page.
Rework your CSS (and it might take a lot of reworking depending on how far you've got and the complexity of the styling) to use display:inline-block on the child... this will stop the parent from collapsing but might give you additional layout issues.
Rework your CSS (ditto) to float:left the child div. You would then need to use a CSS "clear hack" in order to prevent the parent divv from collapsing, although this is a tiny piece of CSS you can cut and paste from elsewhere... an easy job.
If you're determined to use absolute positioning like this my preferred solution would be to use jQuery (option 1) because most of my work tends to use a degree of it anyway... it's a tool I would have handy and the code to perform this task would be quite trivial.
EDIT - Here's a little fiddle to get you started. https://jsfiddle.net/fo8mq1vf/
This is how the output of your code looks like: https://jsfiddle.net/s3zLa54t/2/. The parent div (.top-footer) does contain the .test div. What browser are you using to view the output?
As for the padding, I guess you don't see any effect of changing padding-top. Try removing the top: 0px property in the .test div.
If this is not what you were looking for, do clarify the question here.
The answer to your question is simply remove
position:absolute from your absolute div (.test)
position:relative from your relative div (.top-footer)
height:300px from your relative div (.top-footer)
This is the tested version of https://jsfiddle.net/s3zLa54t/3/ with multiple number of divs under your main div. You can check that it is not going beyond the grey background.
.top-footer {
position: absolute;
background-color: #686a6f;
width: 100%;
padding:0px;
margin: 0;
}
.test h1{
padding-left:20px;
position: relative;
top: 5px; margin: 0;
float:left;
color:#FFF;
}
.footer-btn,.footer-btn-wrap
{
padding-left:200px;
color:#FFF;
}
.footer-btn a{
padding:5px 10px;
float:left;
color:#ffffff;
text-transform:capitalize;
text-decoration:none;
}
I have two divs:
<div id="headercontainer" data-type="background" data-speed="5">
<div id="headersubcontainer">
<h1>Simple and Cost Effective Web Solutions</h1>
</div>
</div>
<div id="teamcontainer" data-type="background" data-speed="5">
<div id="teamsubcontainer">
<h1>Developed by a dedicated team</h1>
</div>
</div>
both have 100% widths and heights of 800px. The first heading I have set a top-margin: of 160px. Instead of moving the header lower into its parent div, it moves the parent div down with it as you can see in this picture:
Here is my relevant css:
h1{
font-size: 48px;
font-family: $header-font-stack;
font-weight: 100;
width: 400px;
}
#headercontainer{
width: 100%;
height: 800px;
background-image: image-url("background.jpg");
background-position: center top;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
#headercontainer h1{
text-align: center;
margin: 0px auto;
margin-top: 160px;
color: #610B21;
}
Using a padding works obviously, but I would like to be more proper and use a margin. How can set a top margin and move the heading lower into the container without moving the container with it?
This is due to margin collapsing:
Top and bottom margins of blocks are sometimes combined (collapsed)
into a single margin whose size is the largest of the margins combined
into it, a behavior known as margin collapsing.
This is resulting in the parent element reverse-inheriting the child element top margin.
You can prevent this by adding before the child element
Demo Fiddle
....or applying any of the below to the parent:
float: left / right
position: absolute
display: inline-block
Adding display:inline-block; to the parent likely being the preference if it is set to have a width to 100%
Demo Fiddle
just use box-sizing: border-box; on the parent and set the padding there instead of margin-top. It will help you keep consistent spacing on all sides anyways
JSFIDDLE
Just add some top-padding to the parent element. even 1px and it will fix it.
I would actually argue that this answer is better:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/49075574/2387316
Yes, I know it's my own answer, but I think it's important that we don't add random bits of padding, change box-sizing for no reason, add spurious elements to the DOM, or change display/padding simply to fix a display issue. Those solutions all cause problems on their own: SEO is worse, unpredictable box-sizing behavior when trying to do something else, annoyance caused by positioning and display changes, etc. This solution is good for SEO, is scalable, and has no other tangible effect when trying to do other things with your elements.
This is the HTML:
<div>
<p>
We bring you the latest in entertainment & information services, right on your phone. From the latest of Bollywood to the futuristic applications, get it all here!
View All
</p>
</div>
And this is the CSS....
div{width: 350px;}
a{
padding: 30px;
background: red;
margin: 20px;
border-radius: 12px;
background: red;
color: #fff;
font: bold 12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-decoration: none;
}
I know this could be solved by using display: inline-block; in .a. But I would like to know why this is overlapping the text? Should it not to go beyond the text?
DEMO1
DEMO2 now a is within a block level of p.
And also have a look at this DEMO. Img is also an inline element. And why this is not overlapping, this should also be overlapping, right?
<a> tag is inline level but while <img> tag is both inline and block level specially inline-block. So <a> tag is overlapping because of inline level which is corresponding to the text but <img> tag won't overlap because it is behaving inline-block. And you may know the difference between them.
Reference: Is <img> element block level or inline level?
An inline element could not be set its width and height and even doesn't work correctly the margin behaviour what actually should do. The margin is applied only to left or right side. Actually this is why, inline element here <a> tag would not set its width and height and remain in same line and seems to be overlapped when applied padding values.
The following picture makes you clear to understand about inline vs inline-block
View Live Demo
It's overlapping because the default behavior for an <a> tag is to fit with the text. If you want it to behave like a block, then set display: block.
The initial value for the display property on a link is display: inline. This means that it will try to fit in with the text and will accept horizontal margins, and padding on all sides, which is exactly why your link overlaps the text. In order for it to accept vertical margins (so it doesn't overlap), you need to set it to display:block or inline-block if you want it to align with the text still.
Padding doesn't work well with inline elements.
Ref:Inline Elements and Padding
This actually is explained in the W3C spec, although it was a bit tricky to find.
Horizontal margins, borders, and padding are respected between these boxes.
This tacitly implies that vertical margins/borders/padding are not respected. It goes on to say:
The height of a line box is determined by the rules given in the section on line height calculations
If you move the <a> into the contents of the box
We bring you the latest in entertainment View All
You can see this effect: http://jsfiddle.net/rHCNb/7/ -- the horizontal padding is respected, but not the vertical. The fact that it covers the other text has to do with z-indexing.
Add the below property in a.
position:relative;
float:left;
Working DEMO
TIPS:
Write background-color instead of the shorthand background when you
are not associating any other property.
If you write display:block then the block width will be equal to the parent
width, so always write width with display.
a{
padding: 30px;
background-color: red;
margin: 20px;
border-radius: 12px;
color: #fff;
font: bold 12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
width: 50px;
}
DEMO
I wanted to set a top header in a fixed position and have content scroll underneath it and came across some strangeness. If I set a margin-top to the content div that margin would also affect the header and move it down even though it's set to position:fixed. I found a workaround by setting the content div to position:relative and using top: to offset it the same amount, but I find it strange that a non-nested div can affect a fixed-positioned element and would like to know why it happens.
I get the same thing in Safari, Firefox and Chrome. In Opera the margin pushes down the content and leaves the header in place, which is what I expected it to do, but compared to the other results maybe it's Opera that has it wrong. What I'm talking about can be in seen in this JSFIDDLE (don't use Opera! :) ).
Here's the code:
css:
body {
background:#FFD;
}
#header {
position:fixed;
height:15px;
width:100%;
text-align:center;
border-bottom:1mm dashed #7F7F7F;
background-color:#EEE;
}
#content {
width:90%;
margin-top:25px;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
background-color:#E5E5FF;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
html:
<body>
<div id="header">
HEADER
</div>
<div id="content">
<p>Text1</p>
<p>Text2</p>
<p>Text3</p>
<p>Text4</p>
</div>
</body>
#header {
top: 0px !important;
}
#content is fixed position, but the coordinates that you set for top, right, bottom and left are relative to its parent container: #header. In other words, #content is always going to be fixed to the top of #header. Since you are bumping #header down with margin, the #content will follow.
You either need to offset the margin
#content { position: fixed; top:-25px; }
That said, I assume you want to fix something to the top of the screen and I don't think this is going to get you what you want. You'll need to break #content out of #header or else make #header statically positioned: position:static so that the content is fixed to the top of the window, not the header.
Or set the top padding (instead of top margin) for #content to be the height of #header.
We have figured the ways to correctly position the header, but I'm still very curious why the offset happened at the first place.
I believe you are feeling the affects of "margin collapse", which is causing your "margin-top" entry in "content" to collapse into the body element of the page. An easy fix is to just create a containing div around "content" and "header" and set the CSS to "overflow:hidden". Then, be sure to set the margins and padding of the "body" element to 0.
I have a few divs which makes a little bit too spacey between the footer and the body. So i want to convert one div to a span. But when I do that, it messes the footer's content a bit up.
How can i do this and keep the styles that already have been defined for the footer?
Thanks in advance!
Edit
div.footer {
width: 986px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding-bottom:18px;
border: 0;
text-align: left;
color:#000000;
}
As you already know, the difference between a <div> and a <span> is just that one defaults to display:block; and the other to display:inline;. To make one act as the other, just set the display style to the other type.
However, you already said you tried this and it didn't achieve the effect you were looking for. There is another display property, which is less well known, but provides a half-way house between the two:
display:inline-block;
What it does is display it inline, but still with block-like properties. (This is basically how an <img> tag works by default).
Could this be the answer you're looking for?
To convert a div to a span, simply add:
.myDiv
{
display: inline;
}
But I'm really not sure that this is the solution you're after.
Quote:
there are 2 divs next to eachother which creates a hugh gap between the body and the footerbody and the footer
Solutions:
Remove empty div(s) from HTML
Remove empty div(s) by adding display:none
Reduce height of the div(s)
Reduce margin or padding of the div(s)
Set position:relative; top:-[yourownnumber]px to .footer
Try adding overflow:auto; to your span. Also add display:block;
If there is too much space between the footer and the body, have you looked at what the margins and paddings are on the affected divs? Does something have a height or a min-height that is making some of the content within the body taller than the natural end of the content? Firebug is a great tool for this.
Div is a block element. Other block elements are paragraphs, headings, lists, etc. Span is an inline element. Other inline elements are strong, image, anchor, etc.
You still need the body to be contained in a block-level element.
How if add this:
position:relative /*optional*/
float:left;
left:0px;
I always do this before i know to use span when I first learn css I always do to my element content.