As you can see I had a difficult time expressing the question in the title.
I have a ul that contains lis which themselves contain a ul with it's own lis.
I would like to target just the first li elements and not the elements within the second ul.
If you look at this fiddle (or the code below), I would like to change item 1's color but not sub item 1's. Is that possible without attaching a class to the li elements?
<div class="foo">
<ul>
<li>
item 1
<ul>
<li>sub item 1</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
will something like this help?
.foo ul li {
color: red;
}
.foo ul li ul li {
color:green;
}
demo - http://jsfiddle.net/victor_007/6fqbc4ud/6/
:not(li) > ul > li {
color: red;
}
ul li{
color:green;
}
To do so, use the child combinators selector, which only selects a direct child.
At first glance you might use ul>li, but that will also select the second level list-items, since they're also a direct child of the list.
So you need to define a starting point, in this case the parent (div).
I now see that you already have the answer yourself. It however doesn't work in your fiddle since you don't declare a 'default' color. Which means that the second level list-item inherits the color of it's parent.
li {
color: blue;
}
.foo>ul>li {
color: red;
}
updated Fiddle.
.foo ul li { color: black; }
.foo > ul > li { color: red; }
Demo
Related
I have just started learning css. I have assumed that a class is a way of grouping styling information.
I'm trying to understand CSS pagination. In the example, it is written
ul.pagination {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
ul.pagination li { display: inline;}
ul.pagination li a {
color: black;
float: left;
padding: 8px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
pagination is a class. what does it mean when they write ul.pagination li and
ul.pagination li a?
ul.pagination li a has a float left; style. what will this achieve?
When you have the following code block in your HTML document:
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
</li>
<li>
</li>
<li>
</li>
</ul>
and you would like the style this list, list items, and the links separately.
ul.pagination {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
The CSS block above will affect your list (<ul></ul>).
ul.pagination li {
display: inline;
}
This one will affect each list item (<li></li>) in your list.
ul.pagination li a {
color: black;
float: left;
padding: 8px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
and the last one will affect each link (<a></a>) inside of your list items.
float: left is used to have a horizontal list (for example menu). You can learn more from this link: http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_class_float.asp
Lastly, I also suggest you to read the CSS Selectors in order to understand the logic: http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_selectors.asp
I recommend you read an authoritative source on CSS selectors: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/CSS/Getting_started/Selectors
Note that the term "selector" refers to both a rule's selector (everything before the {) but also to individual components of the selector, so h1.foo p.bar is a selector, as is just h1.foo and p.bar, for example).
In response to your questions directly:
what does it mean when they write ul.pagination li and ul.pagination li a?
When a space character appears between two selectors (e.g. between ul.pagination and li it means "descendant", so any <li> element which appears underneath an <ul class="pagination"> will be matched, no matter how deep it is (as opposed to the > selector, as in ul.pagination > li, which only selects <li> elements that are immediate children of <ul class="pagination">.
CSS rules match and apply to only the deepest element in the rule, so ul li will only apply style rules to the <li>, but ul li a will only apply style rules to <a> elements.
ul.pagination li a has a float left; style. what will this achieve?
It means that every <a> element that is a descendent of a <li> which in-turn is a descendent of a <ul class="pagination"> will have the property float: left applied to it.
I had to Create a working HTML/CSS for the following nestes list
root
child1
child11
child2
child21
child22
child3
child31
So for this I created the following
HTML
<ul class="list-view">
<li>
<ul><li>Chlid11</li></ul>
</li>
<li>
<ul>
<li>Chlid21</li>
<li>Chlid22</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<ul>
<li>Chlid31</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
Now How will I be able to apply CSS to the leaf parent and root node .
I have to make Leaf to green , parent to red and root should be like parent but with underline
Here Leaf are
Child: 11 , 21, 22 , 31
Parent: the three li
root will be :the first ul
This was a question asked to me in an Interview I am just trying to solve it
Css has to be dynamic . I mean I was not suppose to add classes directly saying what is leaf and what is root .
Something like this
Jsfiddle
UPDATE
CSS
.list-view> li:first-child{
color:red;
text-decoration: underline;
}
.list-view> li ul li {
color:red;
}
.list-view> li ul li ul li{
color:green;
}
I am not able to make just the root node underline
Thanks
I am going to take a stab in the dark, so please don't shoot me if i jumped the gun. But here is my understanding of what he is talking about.
<ul class="root">
<li class="parent">
<ul class="leaf">
<li>Chlid11</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="parent">
<ul class="leaf">
<li>Chlid21</li>
<li>Chlid22</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="parent">
<ul class="leaf">
<li>Chlid31</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
CodePen for example
first of all, your markup does not make very much sense to me. Nesting ul's inside li's is not very useful when the li's do not contain any other content. I suppose your markup should look more like this:
<ul>
<li>
<span>Root</span>
<ul>
<li>Parent</li>
<li>Parent
<ul>
<li>Leaf</li>
<li>Leaf</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Root</li>
</ul>
When it comes to targeting each level with css, you have a number of options. Adding classes to each level may seem the most straight forward, but it can be harder to maintain, and it is easier to make mistakes. Others have already demonstrated this technique, so I'll limit myself to a few alternatives:
option 1a:
ul { /* root + parent + leaf */ }
ul ul { /* parent + leaf */ }
ul ul ul { /* leaf */ }
option 1b:
li { /* root + parent + leaf */ }
li li { /* parent + leaf */ }
li li li { /* leaf */ }
option 2:
ul > li { /* root + parent + leaf */ }
ul > li > ul > li { /* parent + leaf */ }
ul > li > ul > li > ul > li { /* leaf */ }
That is basically it I guess, though you could come up with some variations. Option 1a and 1b are equivalent. Option 2 is more specific, and can be useful when trying to overwrite certain styles. It is considered good practice to keep your selectors as little specific as possible though. This way you can overwrite them easier later on, and your selectors do not get ridiculously long. It just keeps your code easier to read and maintain, so I would definitely go for option 1 in this case.
Note that this technique requires you to overwrite your styles. The styling you requested could ie. be achieved by doing something like this:
li {
color:red;
}
li span {
text-decoration: underline;
}
li li li {
color:green;
}
The pseudo classes you speak of in the comments (:nth-child, ...) are irrelevant here. They are meant for distinguishing between siblings, not for parent-child relations.
edit:
the text-decoration property is a bit tricky to overwrite. Have a look at the specs on MDN: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-decoration
Text decorations draw across descendant elements. This means that it is not possible to disable on a descendant a text decoration that is specified on one of its ancestors.
To solve this, you have to make sure the element with the underline is not the parent of the rest of your tree. Th easiest way is to put it in a span and apply the underline only to that:
http://jsfiddle.net/r616k0ks/3/
(I have updated my code samples above accordingly)
Using some specific selectors you can create almost any selection without using classes on the child elements.
I don't know if this is what you're getting at:
/* Root */
.list-view { background: grey; }
/* First level li's */
.list-view > li { background: red; }
/* First level of ul's */
.list-view > li > ul { background: orange; }
/* Second level of li's */
.list-view > li > ul > li { background: purple; }
/* Second level of li's, first element */
.list-view ul > li:nth-child(1) { background: green; }
/* Second level of li's, all other elements */
.list-view ul > li:nth-child(1n+2) { background: blue; }
See link https://jsfiddle.net/6d3g3zLm/
If not, feel free to elaborate on your question.
Have you tried adding classes to your html?
https://jsfiddle.net/w7tx52L5/
HTML
<ul>
Root
<li class="parent">
Parent1
<ul class="child"><li>Chlid11</li></ul>
</li>
<li class="parent">
Parent2
<ul class="child">
<li>Chlid21</li>
<li>Chlid22</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="parent">
Parent3
<ul class="child">
<li>Chlid31</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
CSS
.root {
color: red;
text-decoration: underline;
}
.parent {
text-decoration: none;
color: red;
}
.child {
color: green;
}
Edit
from your comment it appears you need to use :nth-child selectors. That wasn't clear from your original question. try this css -
ul {
color: red;
display: inline-block;
width: 100%;
text-decoration: underline;
}
ul li {
display: inline-block;
width: 100%;
text-decoration: none;
color: red;
}
ul li:nth-child(odd) > ul li:first-child {
color:green;
}
ul li:nth-child(even) > ul li {
color: green;
}
The workaround of display: inline-block and width:100% is because text-decoration affects all nested elements as well. http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/text.html#propdef-text-decoration
Add classes to the list elements as Geoffrey has shown in his answer. Then apply styling to the classes as you would any styling. If you don't know CSS or anything about how to style, I would suggest researching a little more before you ask these kinds of questions, as this stuff is relatively easy to learn if you put some time and effort into it. http://www.w3schools.com/css/
I have following HTML:
<ul class="menu">
<li>One</li>
<li class="two">Two</li>
<li>Three</li>
</ul>
and following CSS:
.menu > li {
color: red;
}
.two {
color: green;
}
but all list items have red color. And if I change it to this:
ul > li {
color: red;
}
.two {
color: green;
}
secong list item with .two class have now green color as I wanna. Is this any bug or why it work this way?
http://codepen.io/Chovanec/pen/iJsuC
You can calculate the specificity of those selectors (here's a friendlier version):
.menu > li has specificity 0,0,1,1 (11).
ul > li has specificity 0,0,0,2 (2).
.two has specificity 0,0,1,0 (10).
The bold numbers are just the base-10 representations of the specificities. You won't always be able to write them that way, as 0,0,100,0 is also a valid specificity and must be represented in a base higher than 100.
So back to your question: .menu > li > .two > ul > li, as class selectors are more specific than tag name (type) selectors.
I have a nested li and they have specific classes. I am having issues with the nested classes. Despite the specific class, the styling is that of the class of the parent:
<ul>
<li class="navtitle-current">ONE
<ul>
<li class="navtitle-current">TWO</li>
<li class="navtitle">THREE</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
.navtitle {
font-weight: none;
}
.navtitle a{
background-color:white;
color: gray;
}
.navtitle a:hover,
.navtitle:hover{
background-color:white;
color: black;
}
.navtitle-current {
font-weight: none;
}
.navtitle-current a{
background-color:white;
color: black;
}
.navtitle-current a:hover,
.navtitle-current:hover{
background-color:white;
color: black;
}
What I want to happen is that ONE needs to be in black, TWO in black and THREE in gray. However, all the links are black.
I was under the impression that if I explicitly have a class, I should not have any such issues. Does anyone have any thoughts?
All help is appreciated.
Note: I realize the CSS blocks are not in . I just put the code on here for the sake of showing what I have.
Because .navtitle-current is higher level than .navtitle, the links are inheriting the .navtitle-current a styles. If you want to style links inside that, you need to be more specific with your tags. Change .navtitle a to .navtitle-current .navtitle a and it should work.
Yet another way to go about this:
jsFiddle
.navtitle-current .navtitle a {
background-color:white;
color: gray;
}
It may be just a personal preference, but when possible I try to avoid chaining ul li ul li etc. I find it a bit more readable to use the class names.
The problem is selector specificity - your second to last declaration has the same exact same weight and origin as the class defining the gray-colored text - .navtitle a - and due to the nature of the cascade, the latter rule specified will win
From the 2.1 Spec, Specificity:
Finally, sort by order specified: if two declarations have the same weight, origin and specificity, the latter specified wins. Declarations in imported style sheets are considered to be before any declarations in the style sheet itself.
To overcome this, just increase the specificity of .navtitle a by including li before the class, e.g.
li.navtitle a {
background-color: gray;
color: gray;
}
Example
You could do it more clever:
<div class="titles">
<ul>
<li class="current">ONE
<ul>
<li class="current">TWO</li>
<li>THREE</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
.titles ul li {...}
.titles ul li.current {...}
.titles ul li.current ul li {...}
.titles ul li.current ul li.current {...}
regards,
My HTML file is:
asdfasdf
<ul>
<li id="differentstyle">Car</li>
<li>Car1</li>
<li>Travel</li>
</ul>
and my CSS style is:
#differentstyle ul li {
padding-bottom: 50px;
}
but this style is not modifying the "car" (the first one). Am I doing anything wrong? Is this suppose to work?
It does not style anything, because #differentstyle ul li selects a <li/> inside a <ul/> inside #differentstyle, but there is no <ul/> inside your #differentstyle. Use
ul li {
padding-bottom: 50px;
}
instead if you want to style all <li/> elements. Or use
#differentstyle {
padding-bottom: 50px;
}
if you just want to style the first <li/>. Or, if it's really just the first you want to style differently and you just want the styles to apply to a specific list, change your html to
<ul id="yourClass">
<li>Car</li>
<li>Car1</li>
<li>Travel</li>
</ul>
And use this css:
#yourClass > li {
padding-bottom: 50px;
}
#yourClass > li:first-child {
padding-bottom: 100px; /* different style for the first item */
}
#differentstyle ul li : means, the li inside the ul inside #differentstyle, and there's no li inside a ul inside #differentstyle.
So simply use:
#differentstyle {
padding-bottom: 50px;
}
Fore More Info: CSS selectors
Your selector #differentstyle ul li { means "match a li which is a descendant of a ul which is a descendant of an element with the id 'differentstyle'". If you want to target that first li, simply use #differentstyle { ... }
I think you have a height problem . and some code issues for use margin-bottom: 50px; instead of padding-bottom
so remove your all code .Just try to add below code
<ul>
<li id="differentstyle">Car</li>
<li>Car1</li>
<li>Travel</li>
</ul>
CSS:
ul
{
height:160px;//Its not a important
}
ul li
{
margin-bottom: 50px;
}
Please see this output design