I have images in a div while setting all margins and paddings to 0. I still get a little gap below the images inside the div. Why is the div larger than the images?
See this jsfiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/n6bz4tye/
Same effect in FF32 and Chrome 37.
I know, I can use negative margins/paddings to solve this, but I'd like to know, what's happening and why it behaves like that.
To get this clear: Take the letters A B C D. All straight , nothing goes over the bottom, nothing over the top. Now if you take the letter g y j, etc. You have some spacing on the bottom.
By standard all images are rendered as "vertical-align:baseline". And that is why there is this small room on the bottom. The images are positioned where the normal letters would go. On line with A B C D.
Take your fiddle and inside of the div "images" add after the last img "A and g". You will see that g will fill out all the space to the bottom.
An image is an inline element by default, like a letter and there is space below that line for the descenders that you find on letters and the default vertical alignment of an inline element (in your case the image) is baseline and you can adjust the vertical-align of the image to position it elsewhere.
You could remove the below space by set vertical-align: middle; to .images img
JSFiddle - DEMO
.images img {
width: 100px;
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
vertical-align: middle;
}
You could also reset this behavior globally by set vertical-align to img
img {
vertical-align: middle;
}
Related
vertical-align:bottom, means the bottom inline-box matches the bottom of its line-box, so in my case, the inline-box of span2 is the green one, whose line-height is 100px, inherited from its parent. Its line-box is the black one, also has line-height:100px. so they are bottom aligned.
see pic:
I've already learned that:
1.vertical-align works only for inline/inline-block element
2.vertical-align is based on line-height, not the height of its container!
3.in a line-box, its line-height is the line-height of the inline box(in my opinion, its either inline-element or inline-block element) which has the highest line-height. like pic:
Everything works fine on inline-block element, but it seems that there is a problem with inline-element.
explanation:
parent: height:200px, line-height;100px;
div.child:inline-block, vertical-align bottom;
span1: inline, line-height:inherit from parent, which is 100px
span2: inline, line-height:inherit from parent, which is 100px, vertical align: bottom.
To me, the line-box for the code below is like this(you can run the code first):
strange behavior for span2 !!! and it becomes even stranger if I set its vertical-align to text-top or text-bottom
another thing which I found interesting is, if I set display of span to inline block or set the line-height of span to normal (which is 1.16 of its font-size), everything works fine.
can someone explain it? Thanks
div.parent {
width: 300px;
background-color: coral;
/*key-part*/
height: 200px;
line-height: 100px;
}
div.child {
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
background-color: yellow;
/*key-part*/
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: bottom;
line-height: normal;
}
.span1 {
background-color: white;
font-size: 50px;
/*key-part*/
vertical-align: middle;
}
.span2 {
background-color: green;
font-size: 12px;
/*key-part*/
vertical-align: top;
}
<body>
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">inline-block div</div>
<span class="span1">Text1</span>
<span class="span2">Text2</span>
</div>
</body>
Let's try to cover it step by step:
1.vertical-align works only for inline/inline-block element
Vertical-align applies to inline-level elements. That's currently: inline, inline-block, inline-table, inline-flex, inline-grid. Vertical-align is also used, but in a different way, for table cells.
2.vertical-align is based on line-height, not the height of its container!
Except for table cells, correct.
3.in a line-box, its line-height is the line-height of the inline box(in my opinion, its either inline-element or inline-block element) which has the highest line-height.
That's correct for simple cases but not for complex alignment ones. A better approximation goes something like this. Remove all the elements that are vertical-align:top and vertical-align:bottom. Align all the other elements so that their vertical alignment lines are level with one another. Call the box that contains them from the highest top of the aligned elements to the lowest bottom of the aligned elements the proto-line box. The actual height of the line box is then the maximum of the height of the proto-line box and all of the heights of the elements that are aligned top and bottom.
Now the relevant part of the specification for your question is this:
... for inline non-replaced elements, the box used for alignment is the box whose height is the 'line-height' (containing the box's glyphs and the half-leading on each side, see above). For all other elements, the box used for alignment is the margin box.
So for the span2, the green background area is the box's glyphs and above that are each glyph's upper half-leading, a value which is taken from the 100px line-height inherited from the container block element. It's the top of these half-leadings that aligns with the top of the line-box, not the top of the green background area.
On the other hand, the inline-block div aligns to the bottom of the line box, by the bottom of its bottom margin, and not by any half-leading.
Following is my code and I want to understand that why #firstDiv is being pushed downward by all browsers. I really want to understand the inner workings of the fact that why its being pushed downward rather than pulling it upward by one way or another. (and I know how to align their tops :))
And I know that its overflow:hidden; which is causing it but not sure that why its pushing that div downward.
body {
width: 350px;
margin: 0px auto;
}
#container {
border: 15px solid orange;
}
#firstDiv {
border: 10px solid brown;
display: inline-block;
width: 70px;
overflow: hidden;
}
#secondDiv {
border: 10px solid skyblue;
float: left;
width: 70px;
}
#thirdDiv {
display: inline-block;
border: 5px solid yellowgreen;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="firstDiv">FIRST</div>
<div id="secondDiv">SECOND</div>
<div id="thirdDiv">THIRD
<br>some more content<br> some more content
</div>
</div>
http://jsfiddle.net/WGCyu/.
Basically you have added more clutter in your code which is creating more confusion so first I try to remove clutter which hinders understanding the real issue.
First of all we have to establish that what's the real question?
Its that why "inline-block" element is pushed downward.
Now we start to understand it and remove the clutter first.
1 -
Why not give all three divs same border width?
Let's give it.
2 - Does floating element has any connection with inline-block element being pushed downward?
No, it has nothing to do with it.
So, we have removed that div altogether. And you are witnessing same behavior of inline-block element being pushed downward.
Here comes the turn of some literature to grasp the idea of line boxes and how they are lined in the same line esp read last paragraph carefully because there lies the answer of your question.
The baseline of an 'inline-block' is the baseline of its last line box in the normal flow, unless it has either no in-flow line boxes or if its 'overflow' property has a computed value other than 'visible', in which case the baseline is the bottom margin edge.
If you are not sure about baseline then here is brief explanation in simple words.
All characters except 'gjpqy' are written on the baseline you can think of baseline as if you draw a simple horizontal line same as underlining right below these "random characters" then it will be the baseline but now if you write any of 'gjpqy' character(s) on the same line then lower part of these characters would fall below the line.
So, we can say that all characters except 'gjpqy' are written completely above the baseline while some part of these characters are written below the baseline.
3 - Why not check where is the baseline of our line?
I have added few characters which show the baseline of our line.
4 - Why not add some characters in our divs too to find their baselines in the div?
Here, some characters added in divs to clarify baseline.
Now when you understand about baseline, read the following simplified version about baseline of inline-blocks.
i) If inline-block in question has its overflow property set to visible (which is by default so no need to set though).
Then its baseline would be the baseline of the containing block of the line.
ii) If inline-block in question has its overflow property set to OTHER THAN visible.
Then its bottom margin would be on the baseline of the line of containing box.
First point in detail
Now look at this again to clarify your concept that what's happening with green div.
If yet any confusion then here is added more characters close to green div to establish the baseline of the containing block and green div baseline is aligned.
Well, I am now claiming that they have same baseline? RIGHT?
5 - Then why not overlap them and see if they are fit right one on another?
So, I bring third div -left: 35px; to check if they have same baseline now?
Now, we have got our first point proved.
Second point in detail
Well, after explanation of first point second point is easily digestible and you see that first div which has overflow property set to other than visible (hidden) has its bottom margin on the base line of the line.
Now, you can do couple of experiments to further illustrate it.
Set first div overflow:visible (or remove it altogether).
Set second div overflow: other than visible.
Set both divs overflow: other than visible.
Now bring back your clutter and see if everything is looking to fine to you.
Bring back your floated div (of course there is need to
increase some width of body)
You see it has no effect.
Bring back same odd margins.
Set green div to overflow: visible as you set in your question (that misalignment is due to increase of border width from 1px to 5px so if adjust negative left you'll see there is no issue)
Now remove additional characters I added to aid in
understanding. (and of course remove negative left)
Finally reduce body width because we no longer need wider one.
And now we are back to where we started from.
Hopefully I have answered your question.
The default value for vertical-align in CSS is baseline & this rule is also apply with inline-block read this http://www.brunildo.org/test/inline-block.html
Write vertical-align:top in your inline-block DIV.
Check this http://jsfiddle.net/WGCyu/1/
Just use vertical-align:top;
Demo
I originally started on answering this question, but it was locked as dupe before I could finish, so I post the answer here instead.
First, we need to understand what inline-block is.
The definition in MDN says:
The element generates a block element box that will be flowed with
surrounding content as if it were a single inline box (behaving much
like a replaced element would)
To understand what's going on here, we need to look at vertical-align, and it's default value baseline.
In this illustration you have this color chart:
Blue: The baseline
Red: The top and bottom of the line-height
Green: The top and bottom of the inline content box.
In the #left element, you do have some textual content that controls what is the baseline. This means that the text inside defines the baseline for #left.
In the #right, there is no content, so the browser has no other option than to use the box bottom as the baseline.
Se this visualisation where I have drawn the baseline on an example where the first inline container has some text, and the next is empty:
If you specifically align one element to top, you really say that you align the top of this element to the top of of the line box.
This might be easier to understand by an example.
div {
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
height: 150px;
background: gray;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
div#middle {
vertical-align: top;
height: 50px
}
div#right {
font-size: 30px;
height: 100px
}
<div id="left">
<span>groovy</span>
</div>
<div id="middle">groovy</div>
<div id="right">groovy</div>
The result is this - and I added the blue baseline, and the red line box:
What happens here, is that the height of line box is depended on how the the content of the entire line is laid out. This means that to calculate the top alignment, the basline alignments must be calculated first. The #middle element has vertical-align:top, so this is not used for the baseline positioning. but the #left and #right are positioned vertically so that their baselines are aligned. When this is done, the height of the line box has increased, because the #right element has been pushed up a bit as a result of the larger font size. Then the top position for the #middle element can be calculated, and this is along the top of the line box.
View this alternative example. The reason for such behavior is described in CSS3 module: line: 3.2. Line Box wrapping [1]:
In general, the start edge of a line box touches the start edge of its containing block and the end edge touches the end edge of its containing block. However, floating boxes may come between the containing block edge and the line box edge. Thus, although line boxes in the same inline formatting context generally have the same inline progression advance (that of the containing block), they may vary if available inline-progression space is reduced due to floats[...]
As you can see, the third element is pushed downward, although it does not have a overflow property. The reason must be somewhere else to find. The second behavior you notice is described in Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification: 9.5 Floats [2]:
Since a float is not in the flow, non-positioned block boxes created before and after the float box flow vertically as if the float did not exist. However, the current and subsequent line boxes created next to the float are shortened as necessary to make room for the margin box of the float.
All your display:inline-block; divs are using a special kind of baseline in this case 10.8 Line height calculations: the 'line-height' and 'vertical-align' properties (very end) [3]:
The baseline of an 'inline-block' is the baseline of its last line box in the normal flow, unless it has either no in-flow line boxes or if its 'overflow' property has a computed value other than 'visible', in which case the baseline is the bottom margin edge.
So when you're using floating elements and inline-block elements, the floating element will be pushed to the side and the inline formatting will be recalculated according to 1. On the other hand, the next elements are shortened if they won't fit. Since you're already working with a minimum amount of space, there's no other way to modify your elements then pushing them 2. In this case, the highest element will define the size of your wrapping div, thus defining the baseline 3, while on the other hand the modification of position and width stated in 2 can't be applied to such minimal spaced maximum height elements. In this case a behavior as in my very first demo will result.
Lastly, the reason your overflow:hidden will prevent #firstDiv to be pushed to the lower edge of your #container, although I couldn't find a reason in section 11. Without overflow:hidden it works as excepted and defined by 2 and 3. Demo
TL;DR: Have a very close look on the W3 recommendations and the implementations in the browser. In my humble opinion floating elements are determined to show unexpected behavior if you don't know all the changes they do to your surrounding elements. Here's another demo which shows a common problem with floats.
the problem is because you have applied float:left on the second div. which makes the second div to come on the left side and your first div drops and comes after your second div.
If you apply float:left on the first div also, your problem will be gone.
overflow:hidden is causing no problem to your layout, overflow:hidden affects only inner elements of a div, it has nothing to do with other elements which are outside.
Try adding padding:0; to the body and removing the margin of your divs.
Add background-color:*any color aside from background* to check the difference.
Try making all CSS properties of all Elements same.
I had similar problem and while fixing this I identified that I was dropping an Element with Font property into Div Element.
After dropping that Element with Font property the alignment of all DIV was disturbed. To fix this I set Font property to all DIV elements the same as the element that is dropped into it.
In the following example, the Dropped element of class ".dldCuboidButton" defined with font-size:30 px.
So I added same property to remaining classes i.e. .cuboidRecycle, .liCollect , .dldCollect which are used by DIV elements. In that way all DIV element follow the same Measurments before and after dropping the element into it.
.cuboidRecycle {
height:40px;
width:'20px; float:right';
overflow:'none';
background-color:#cab287;
color:#ffffff;
border-radius:8px;
text-align:'center';
vertical-align:'top';
display: inline-block;
font-size: 30px; /* Set a font-size */
}
.liCollect {
height:40px;
width:'20px; float:right';
overflow:'none';
background-color:#cab287;
color:#ffffff;
border-radius:8px;
text-align:'center';
vertical-align:'top';
display: inline-block;
font-size: 30px; /* Set a font-size */
}
.dldCollect {
height:40px;
width:'20px; float:right';
overflow:'none';
background-color:#009933;
color:#ffffff;
border-radius:8px;
text-align:'center';
vertical-align:'top';
display: inline-block;
font-size: 30px; /* Set a font-size */
}
.dldCuboidButton {
background-color: #7c6436;
color: white; /* White text */
font-size: 30px; /* Set a font-size */
border-radius: 8px;
margin-top: 1px;
}
Here is the example of HTML dynamically created using above CSS.
$("div#tabs").append(
"<div id='" + newTabId + "'>#" + uniqueId +
"<input type=hidden id=hdn_tmsource_" + uniqueId + " value='" + divTmpfest + "'>" +
"<input type=hidden id=leCuboidInfo_" + uniqueId + " value=''>" +
"<div id='" + divRecycleCuboid + "' class=cuboidRecycle ondrop='removeDraggedCuboids(event, ui)' ondragover='allowDrop(event)'><font size='1' color='red'> Trash bin </font></div>" +
"<div id='" + divDropLeCuboid + "' class=liCollect ondrop='dropForLinkExport(event)' ondragover='allowDrop(event)'><font size='1' color='red'>Drop Template Manifest Cuboid here</font></div>" +
"<div id='" + divDropDwldCuboid + "' class=dldCollect ondrop='dropForTMEntry(event)' ondragover='allowDrop(event)'><font size='1' color='red'>Drop Template Cuboids here..</font></div>" +
"</div>"
);
I am trying to put an image in a container but for some reason, there is always a small additional space at the end of the image: Here is a fiddle with tests: http://codepen.io/anon/pen/sikAm. If you look at the last one in the right bar, there is no white because the container hides the overflow. This made me think that the problem happens because of the image, not because of the container. So the container's size gets that white because the image "pushes" an additional space inside. However, the image's size is correct and it has no margin that can add this at the bottom, so I might be completely on the wrong track:
img {
border: 0;
width: auto;
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
I don't know what to do about this. What can cause that whitespace? What am I missing?
The problem is that, by default, images are inline elements, and its vertical-align property defaults to baseline. This alignment produces some space below the element.
To fix it, you can use
display: block [Demo]. This way the element will no longer be inline-level, so vertical-align won't apply.
vertical-align: middle [Demo]. This fixes the alignment problem. Other values may also work.
imgs are displayed inline by default, which creates spaces automatically for next line of texts.
Instead set the display to block. It will make those spaces gone.
img {
display:block
}
Alright, so this is some of the css and html:
css:
div {
height:24px;
line-height:24px;
}
html:
<div><img src="image.png"/>Text</div>
Now what that should (I think) produce is a div that is 24 pixels high, and the text should be vertically center aligned in the div, after the image. P.S. the image is 24x24px. However, it throws off the line-height to be about 12px too much (reducing the line-height to 12px does not solve it). Changing the image to be 12x12px though works and puts the text in the right spot. if the image is completely removed, the text is in the right spot. I guess my question is why is that doing what it is, and if/how I can fix it.
Thanks, sharf.
Give vertical-align:middle to img
div > img
{
float:left;
vertical-align:middle;
}
Fiddle
Try adding vertical-align to the img and experimenting with that to get it they way you want.
The simplest (but not always the best) solution is
img { vertical-align: bottom; }
The image does not throw off line height; rather, it causes the height of the line box to become larger than line-height. The reason to this is that by default, an image is treated as if it were a letter, of the size specified by the image dimensions, sitting on text baseline. Thus, the image requires a height that is the height of the image itself plus the distance between text baseline and the bottom of the font.
In CSS terms, “sitting on text baseline” is caused by the default setting of vertical-align: baseline. You can override this in various ways, with different effects on the vertical placement, but beware that browsers have many bugs in the implementation of vertical-align, and the value of bottom is so simple that they probably get it right.
On, e.g., this link: http://4ad.com/releases/20949, if you look at the album cover image in the top right part of the page, the black border is not quite square: there are a few extra pixels of height at the bottom.
As far as I can tell the image is 300x300 pixels in size. There are no obvious (to us!) sources of the extra 4.5 pixels of height. Does anyone know what could be creating such a discrepancy?
Since the image is inline, it's treated as text, which means a few extra pixels are added to the bottom as leading. Displaying the image as a block (i.e. adding display: block;) solves the problem nicely.
By default, images are displayed as inline-block and aligned with the baseline of the text.
The extra space is added for Descenders.
To fix it, use vertical-align: top or middle or bottom on the img. See http://jsfiddle.net/Gu6pG/3 for the difference.
Change image to be displayed as block element by adding this setting to your style.css file:
/* consolidate this CSS style */
#rightbox_packshot img {
width: 300px; /* from line 2896 in style.css */
height: 300px; /* from line 1498 in style.css */
display: block;
}
Alternatively you could use float:left (or right) in place of display:block which does make the image a block element but allows you to keep additional text (if you have it) inline.