I know it sounds really weird, but I'm trying to code a website with very little CSS knowledge. It's just a test website, so that I can get into the language a bit more, but I'm having some troubles. I can't find the answers anywhere. In case necessary, I've included the HTML and CSS files at the bottom.
1. Center Body
I was wondering how to center the body of my website? I know it seems simple, but I've looked on every single Google link and I can't find a solution. When I zoom in to test my website on 175% zoom increase, as that's what most monitors have at least, I notice that my browser is scrolling in to the left side of the website, rather than the center. I would like the elements of the website to be in the center, so that it doesn't end up with a blank space on the right like YouTube has for larger monitors. However, I have no idea on whether or not there is there a way I can make the website zoom to the center?
2. Multiple Images
When I was slicing the website layout I made, I took three images from one of the 'rounded rectangle' shapes. My aim is to make it so I can have the shape become expandable, meaning that it'll be a small box [ ] for small numbers, but if the number has more digits, the box can expand without breaking the website. Because of this, I sliced the LEFT and RIGHT side of the content box, as well as a 1px inside which I hoped to expand. I have no idea where to look for a tutorial, however, on how to make them all work together. If somebody could point me in the right direction, I'd be extremely grateful.
3. Following
Resolved - a huge thanks to Nicole Bieber who helped me out! :-)
Many thanks.
HTML:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title> .. </title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
..
<div id="header"></div>
<div id="navigation">
<div class="founders2">
<div id="left_content">
<div class="news">Latest News & Information</div>
<div id="right_content"></div>
</div>
<div id="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
CSS:
#logo {
background:url(images/main/logo.png) top left no-repeat;
width:391px;
height:148px;
font-size:0px;
margin:-10px 0 0 0;
float:left
}
body {
margin:0px;
padding:0px;
background:url(images/main/bg.gif) repeat;
#31
}
#header {
margin:0 auto;
width:100%;
height:147px;
background:url(images/main/header_bg.gif) repeat-x;
}
#navigation {
width:100%;
height:500px;
background:url(images/siteSlice_13.gif) repeat-x;
}
#founders1 {}
#left_content {
float:left;
width:910px;
height:100%;
}
#right_content {
float:right;
width:490px;
height:100%;
}
#footer {
margin:0 auto;
clear:both;
width:100%;
height:77px;
background:url(images/siteSlice_96.gif) repeat-x;
}
/**
* Needs to be aligned vertically.. no idea how.
**/
.news {
font-family:ubuntu;
font-size:25px;
color:#FFFFFF;
text-shadow: 2px 2px #000000 12;
text-align:left;
text-indent:15px;
width:100%;
height:100%;
background:url(images/main/news_header.gif) no-repeat;
margin:100px;
}
.founders2 {
background:url(images/main/founders_navbar.gif) no-repeat;
width:265px;
height:52px;
margin:0 0 0 600px;
}
Anything not in the /main/ image folder hasn't been re-edited by myself yet, but is still a basic image that should act in the same way as when a new one replaces it.
Centered Page Content
One way you could center the body of a fixed width page layout with could be done with Auto Margins, as I will show in the following example
This is a basic example with only a div element which will be our website container.
You can apply a fixed with either to the container or to the body, and apply the automatic margins to the container itself...
HTML
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>My Website</title>
<link href="center.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<!---
other header and meta stuff ...
--->
</head>
<body>
<div id="box_content">
<p>
My Content Area.
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
and the CSS for the above:
CSS for Center Aligned Content using Centered Body
In this CSS example for the above HTML code, we center our container (div) element by applying a fixed width to the Body element, and assigning Auto margins to the same element. The margins will expand evenly on both sides to preserve the fixed 800px with, thus centering the page:
#charset "utf-8";
/* CSS Document */
body{
/*
Applying a fixed width with automatic margins will center the page:
*/
width: 800px;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
/*
and whatever...
*/
margin-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: 0px;
/*
Here we have a gray background so we can see the centered content area
*/
background-color:#CCC;
}
/*
Our content area will be white so we can see it centered over the gray background.
*/
#box_content{
background-color:#FFF;
overflow:auto;
padding:5px;
}
However, you can also apply the fixed width to the container itself instead.
The following example works with the above HTML code.
CSS Example with centered div element
#charset "utf-8";
/* CSS Document */
body{
/*
Here we have a gray background so we can see the centered content area
*/
background-color:#CCC;
}
/*
Our content area will be white so we can see it centered over the gray background.
*/
#box_content{
/*
Applying a fixed width with automatic margins will center the page,
will also work on the container itself:
*/
width: 800px;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
/*
and whatever...
*/
margin-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: 0px;
background-color:#FFF;
overflow:auto;
padding:5px;
}
Both of the above CSS examples look exactly the same. (Should look the same on all the modern web browsers ).
There are various other ways to center using CSS ( including setting Position to 50% with a -400 margine, but this breaks on some renderers ).
The approach I have demonstrated is simply my simple but my preferred approach to centered fixed width layouts.
Also, I removed the 100% width values on your nested elements that dont need them ( div elements will default to 100% width anyhow )
100% Height will not work, a div element will not expand vertically to its container, unless you use absolute positioning ( but will expand to page size, and not the parent container size ). DynamicDrive has examples on how to do this.
Also looking at your Source, I suggest changing the following:
font-family:ubuntu;
Because it is not a font family recognized by all operating systems, so visitors to your web page will most likely not see the same fonts you see on your own system. unless you use ServerSide Fonts.
If you don't use a server side font, it would be best to stick to common fonts and font families that (usually) exist on all major operating systems if you want all users on all major operating systems to see the same font regardless of whichever web browser they use.
3 Slice Buttons
One again - there are more than one way to do this. One of the easier ways to do it would be to layer 3 divs and apply a slice to each layer. The following example is from a simple resizable button in one of my own template designs, a simple box-model button to say the least.
Note: I think nesting div elements in a << a >> hyperlink is considered a bad practice? Although I do it anyhow ... I could be wrong.
HTML
<a href="contact.php" style="float:right">
<div class="b_1"><div class="b_2"><div class="b_3">
Contact
</div></div></div>
</a>
The CSS for the above button:
/*
Contains the left slice of the button:
*/
.box_nav a .b_1{
float: left;
margin-top: 3px;
background-image: url(ui/ui_19.png);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
/*
Contains the Right slice of my button:
*/
.box_nav a .b_2{
background-image: url(ui/ui_23.png);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: right;
}
/*
COntains the tiled center slice of the button
*/
.box_nav a .b_3{
background-image: url(ui/ui_21.png);
height: 43px;
margin-right: 10px; /* This margin is the same width as the RIGHT slice */
margin-left: 10px; /* This margin is the same width as the LEFT slice */
line-height: 40px; /* my way of centering text vertically in the button */
text-align: center;
/*
prevents buttons with more than one word ( has spaces ) from breaking into two lines
*/
white-space: nowrap;
}
.box_nav a:hover .b_1{
background-image: url(ui/ui_24.png);
}
.box_nav a:hover .b_2{
background-image: url(ui/ui_28.png);
}
.box_nav a:hover .b_3{
background-image: url(ui/ui_26.png);
}
As seen above, this is a box model structure. The box_nav itself however requires "overflow:auto;" or "overflow:hidden;" however if height is not set explicitly.
The above button from my actual example looks like this:
Final Section
As for your 3rd question, I don't actually understand what you are asking, and the html/css combination breaks in my browser when I copy your code. ( also I cant see it properly because I also don't have your images. I'm not sure what you were trying there, but i looks like your were trying a 3 column layout?
Your html for this section pretty much completely falls apart in my browser ( and also in dreamweaver )
UPDATE:
As requested by you, here are two ways to do fluid layouts:
In this example, you can use the same automargins with a fluid width like this ( simply modify the fixed 800PX width to a fluid width, such as 80%
width: 80%;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
If you want fixed margins with a fluid layout, you can simply set margins, but do not set a width:
width: auto;
margin-left:100px;
margin-right:100px;
Related
I'm making a website with the title in a div box at the top of the page. The issue is that when i put a heading in the box it doesn't stay in the box
<div style="width:1000px;height:40px;background:grey;border:3px solid;border-radius:10px;opacity:0.85;overflow:hidden;">
<h1 style="text-align:center;">
Welcome To A Website
</h1>
</div>
When you create a HTML file, each browser interpret the elements on its way. For example: some browsers have an extra margin config at an <p> or some different line-height property. Because of that, normally, the developers use a Reset CSS (example: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/). It reduce browser inconsistencies in things like default line heights, margins and font sizes of headings, and so on.
In your case, h1 by default have some configs that make it go out of the div box (margin and padding, as I checked). You can solve it using: margin: 0; padding: 0; at <h1> element. My suggestion for future projects: use a Reset CSS and you'll have more control in things like that.
Another suggestion: use a CSS file to organize your own styles. Inline styling isn't a good thing when you've a common thing to modify and have to go file by file to do that. With CSS you only change the file and it reflects at all HTML that uses it.
Well, my CSS fix suggestion is:
HTML:
<div>
<h1>Welcome to a Website </h1>
</div>
CSS:
div {
/* Make title go to entire screen*/
width: 100%;
display: block;
/* You visual config */
height:40px;
background:grey;
border:3px solid;
border-radius:10px;
opacity:0.85;
overflow:hidden;
line-height:40px;
}
div h1 {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
text-align:center;
}
I used width:100%;display:block instead of width:1000px because I assumed that you want a block that occupies 100% width from screen. Working demo: http://jsfiddle.net/brunoluiz/NyLAD/
Well, good luck with HTML and CSS studies!
You can set the margin of your h1 to 0, also note that you should place the styles in some CSS file or right inside the page (between the <style> tags):
div {
width:1000px;
height:40px;
background:grey;
border:3px solid;
border-radius:10px;
opacity:0.85;
overflow:hidden;
line-height:40px;
}
div h1 {
margin:0;
}
Working demo.
Because you specified a specific height for the box in the style. Try removing the "height:40px;" part.
Now the div style looks like this:
style="width:1000px;background:grey;border:3px solid;border-radius:10px;opacity:0.85;overflow:hidden;"
Fiddle
It looks like the height of the size of the header is too big for the height you set on your div. Try taking out the height from the div's style, like so:
<div style="width:1000px;background:grey;border:3px solid;border-radius:10px;opacity:0.85;overflow:hidden;">
<h1 style="text-align:center;">
Welcome To A Website
</h1>
</div>
I'm trying to make a simple, fluid, responsive two column layout (just for the sake of learning CSS), consisting of a sidebar and a main section.
I was able to create the sidebar with 100% height, position the main content at its side, but when I put a H1 inside my main section... tada! Its margin created a margin for the sidebar as well.
Here's a minimum code that presents the problem:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
html,body {
margin:0;
padding:0;
width:100%;
height:100%;
}
#sidebar {
display:block;
position:absolute;
width:25%;
min-height:100%;
border-right:1px solid #222;
background-color: #E0E0E0;
}
#main {
margin-left:25%;
display:block;
}
h1 {
padding:2%;
/* margin:0; */
/* defining the margin as zero aligns
* everything at the top */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header id="sidebar">
Let's reach for the stars!
</header>
<section id="main">
<h1>Nope!</h1>
</section>
</body>
</html>
I've tested it in Chrome and Firefox, happened in both.
I've created this JSFiddle, and thanks to a comment from cimmanon, the behavior is the same.
Well, I'm lost. Am I missing something really simple?
Is this approach a good way to make a two column layout? I inspired myself reading the CSS from the Svbtle blogs.
Generally speaking, absolute positioning should be avoided unless you really do want the element removed from the document's flow. If you have a page where #main ends up having shorter content than #sidebar and the user's display isn't tall enough to display all of #sidebar's contents, you're going to have your content clipped off.
My favored way of achieving equal height columns is to use the display: table CSS properties.
http://jsfiddle.net/PmkCQ/3/
html,body {
margin:0;
padding:0;
width:100%;
height:100%;
}
body { display: table }
#sidebar {
width:25%;
border-right:1px solid #222;
background-color: #E0E0E0;
}
#sidebar, #main {
display:table-cell;
vertical-align: top; /* optional */
}
h1 {
padding:2%;
margin-top: 0;
/* margin:0; */
/* defining the margin as zero aligns
* everything at the top */
}
There's other ways, of course, but this one is less brittle than floats or absolute positioning. The only down side is that IE7 doesn't support these properties, so they'll continue using the element's previously defined (or default) display setting (for div, it will be block).
Add display: inline-block to the h1 and it won't influence the side bar. Then you can set any margin you want.
The reason it seemed fine in JSFiddle is probably the styles applied from their styles (inspect the h1 and you'll see it has margin:0).
I have an image I'd like to show in a browser such that:
If the image is smaller than the browser viewport, the image is centered
horizotally and vertically.
If the image is larger than the viewport, the image is scaled down to fill
as much of the viewport as possible without adjusting the aspect ratio of the
image. Again, the image is centered horizotally and vertically.
I do not want to use JavaScript; what's the best/most semantic HTML and CSS to do this?
Update I've been asked for clarification regarding semantics: the image is content; the only content within the HTML.
Solution
#GionaF ideas got me to a happy (and very simple) solution:
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title></title>
<LINK href="test2.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
</head>
<body>
<div>
<img src="photo.jpg" alt="photo" />
</div>
</body>
CSS
img {
max-width:100%;
max-height:100%;
position:absolute;
top:0; left:0; right:0; bottom:0;
margin:auto;
}
You can achieve it in many ways, but i can't be "semantic" without knowing the context (is the image the main/only content of the page? is it in the middle of a blog post?), so i'll go for a div.
1. position:absolute; + margin:auto;
Support: crossbrowser
HTML
<html>
<body>
<div id="container">
<img src="your-image.jpg">
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS
html,body,#container {
height:100%;
}
#container {
width:100%;
position:relative;
}
#container > img {
width:100%;
max-width:400px; /* real image width */
position:absolute;
top:0; left:0; right:0; bottom:0;
margin:auto;
}
Demo
2. display:table; + display:table-cell; + vertical-align:middle;
Support: IE8+, all other browsers - with IE7 fallback (Source 1) (2) (3)
HTML
<html>
<body>
<div id="container">
<span> /* it's important that you use a span here
not a div, or the IE7 fallback won't work */
<img src="your-image.jpg">
</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS
html,body,#container {
height:100%;
}
#container {
width:100%;
display:table;
*display:block; /* IE7 */
}
#container > span {
display:table-cell;
*display:inline-block; /* IE7 */
vertical-align:middle;
text-align:center;
}
#container > span > img {
width:100%;
max-width:400px; /* real image width */
}
Demo
3. background-size:contain;
Support: IE9+, all other browsers - with vendor prefixes (Source 1) (2)
HTML
<html>
<body>
<div id="container"></div>
</body>
</html>
CSS
html,body,#container {
height:100%;
}
#container {
margin:0 auto;
max-width:400px; /* real image width */
background:url(your-image.jpg) 50% 50% no-repeat;
background-size:contain;
}
Demo
Be careful for how IE8 renders height:auto;, may not keep the ratio.
Edit: i just realized that you wrote "without adjusting the aspect ratio of the image". If you really don't want to keep the ratio, it's easier ... but do you really mean that?
You won't be able to accomplish this unless you have a set height for the container that houses the image. In order for the viewport to know where to have the image centered, it will need know the full height you are working with, as opposed to staying the same size as the image. Height will only expand if it is told to, or if there is actual content filling it up.
To center horizontally you will need to set a container around the image and give it a margin of '0, auto'. Set the image width to be 100% within the container (this will keep the proportions correct as the height will scale appropriately with it), and give the container a percentage based width as well.
You will need to give your image or surround div a set width and height for margin: auto to center the image. See how the code below works for you.
Css
#container {
width: 1000px;
height: 1000px;
}
#img {
background-color:#000;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
HTML
<div id="container">
<div id="img">
</div>
Edit
Set image as background?
Then set the body to 100%.
body
{
background-image: url('background.jpg');
background-repeat: no-repeat; /* you know... don't repeat... */
background-position: center center; /*center the background */
background-attachment: fixed; /*don't scroll with content */
}
I wasn't able to find a perfect solution (from what I've read it's not possible to do what you want using only CSS and HTML). But I've found a solution closer to what you need. I repeat, it's not perfect. So here it goes (you actually put your image as a background for a div):
#mydiv {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: relative;
background-image: url(photo.jpg);
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: auto 98%, cover;
}
So, the key here is the background-size property. What it does here: force the image to scale (up or down) to a specified percentage of the width/height of the div/container (the width and height of the div is dictated by the viewport). For images bigger than viewport, this solution is good, but the problem is with smaller images (which are scaled up). Unfortunely, the current implementation of CSS doesn't permit to specify a max-height or max-width for the background-image. If you want to read more on this subject open this webpage: http://www.css3.info/preview/background-size/.
Anyway, a JavaScript solution is better. Hope it helps.
I am writing a website in Html using CSS; in my website I have a text logo that I want to place in the top center size of the site, I am using CSS as indicated below
background-color:#4d5152;
position:fixed;
width:970px;
top: 0%;
padding-right:200px;
padding-left:200px;
My question is, how can I position my logo in the upper center and have the left and right size of the logo the same color of the logo without righting the values to the padding left and right; so it will be generic for all computer monitor size and browsers
hope I am clear enough
Thank for the help
Typically, I would write something like this:
HTML
<html>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<h1 id="logo">My Company</h1>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS
#wrapper {
width:960px; /* Width of the containing 'wrapper' or content area */
margin:0 auto; /* This will center the wrapper. 0px margin on the top and bottom, and 'auto' on the left and right (let the browser decide the amount of margin). */
}
h1#logo {
text-align:center; /* If you don't define a width the h1 will be 100% as its parent (#wrapper). This centers the text. */
}
Here's an example showing this: http://jsfiddle.net/V5Cff/1/embedded/result/
I'll jump to an example.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>Transposing div using CSS</title>
<style>
div#wrapper {
}
div#menu {
border:blue solid 1px;
}
div#main {
border:red solid 1px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>How do we show the menu div immediately after the content div?</p>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="menu">Menu</div>
<div id="main">Content</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
In a browser, the menu div will come first in the flow. Now let's say that I need to change the layout so that "Menu" follows the content div content. How can this be done using CSS only. That means no change to HTML (no user agent detection stuff) and no JavaScript code.
The main CSS technique to position elements is to use the float:right|left attribute. It works well to move elements with respect to their bounding box, but I'm looking at moving an element at the end of its successor element in the normal flow.
And here's the use case. I want a web site to show up optimally on small screen browsers like on an iPhone. The web site currently has the menu at the top and content below, a very common layout but on an iPhone, the real estate is so limited that it would be preferable to have the menu following the main text content.
The solution only has to work with iPhone and Android mobiles (WebKit-based). So no need for taking into account Internet Explorer hacks and such.
If your menu has a fixed height (which most likely it does) you could use the same principles as the sticky footer: apply position relative on the wrapper, and a bottom padding of the same height as the menu. In code:
div#wrapper {
height: 100%;
padding-bottom: 100px;
position: relative;
}
div#menu {
border:blue solid 1px;
position: absolute;
bottom: -2px; /*to offset the border pxs*/
height: 100px;
width: 100%;
}
div#main {
border:red solid 1px;
}
You can view it in action here: http://jsfiddle.net/3ZheQ/
I haven't tried this on mobile phones yet, but I often did this on regular sites. I usually did it so that I wrapped both .menu and .menu_section into the .header div. Then you set some basic margin-top to the .menu div and add position:relative to the .header. Now header is your last relative for .menu and .menu_section.
Now just set position:absolute to the .menu_section, and you can set the top margin to 0. The .menu is going to be offset by the top margin while the .menu_section will be absolutely positioned at top of header.
If the design requires it, you can solve any overlapping with z-indexes (but you're not working for Internet Explorer oldies anyway, so that probably won't bother you).