How do I speed up this 1.7 Second Mysql Query? - mysql

Question

I'm writing a webapp in PHP where a list of users can be voted on. The query I'm using to pull a user from the table is quite slow. I suspect there is a much more efficient way to check if the target user has already been voted on by the active user.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE id NOT IN (
SELECT ratedid
FROM votes
WHERE who LIKE 12707264
)
AND picture1 NOT LIKE ''
AND cp1 < '10'
AND gender NOT LIKE 'male'
ORDER BY RAND( )
LIMIT 1
Table data as follows:
>SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
>SET time_zone = "+00:00";
/*!40101 SET #OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=##CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET #OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=##CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET #OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=##COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
--
-- Database: `notchus_userdb`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `users`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `users` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`bio` text CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`picture1` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`cp1` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`picture2` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`picture3` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`friends` blob,
`relationship_status` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`relationship_interest` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`verified` int(1) NOT NULL,
`gender` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`birthday` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`hometown` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`citylocation` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`oauth_provider` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`oauth_uid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`ratchet` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`boss` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`isadmin` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`views` int(10) NOT NULL,
`reviews` int(10) NOT NULL,
`email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`isuser` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `username` (`username`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Server version: 5.1.70-cll
-- PHP Version: 5.3.17
SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET time_zone = "+00:00";
/*!40101 SET #OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=##CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET #OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=##CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET #OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=##COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
--
-- Database: `notchus_userdb`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `votes`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `votes` (
`uqid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`value` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`picture` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`ratedid` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`comment` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`quote` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`who` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`votedate` int(11) NOT NULL,
`control` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`uqid`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1084 ;

Answer 1

First of all, LIKE is only for doing wildcard matching. I'm surprised that you're not getting an error doing a LIKE on an integer. Then again, nothing MySQL does surprises me.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE id NOT IN (
SELECT ratedid
FROM votes
WHERE who = 12707264
)
AND picture1 <> ''
AND cp1 < '10'
AND gender <> 'male'
ORDER BY RAND( )
LIMIT 1
Also note that if it's OK for picture1 to be an empty string, then you shouldn't have a NOT NULL on the column, and you should store a NULL in the column where is no picture.

Answer 2

Your like statements don't appear to be using wildcards, I see no reason to use them here. Try changing them to equal signs. Indexing your tables could help you as well.

Answer 3

You don't appear to have indices on the foreign key relationships.
try:
create index who on votes (who);
create index q1 on users (picture1, cp1, gender);
Also, you appear to be confused about "like" and "=" - when comparing an integer column (e.g. CP1), use cp1 < 1 or who = 12707264.