I am playing around to make an HTML/CSS carousel.
HTML:
<body>
<div id="container">
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="d1" class="box"><p>DIV#1</p></div>
<div id="d2" class="box"><p>DIV#2</p></div>
<div id="d3" class="box"><p>DIV#3</p></div>
<div id="d4" class="box"><p>DIV#4</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
CSS:
.box {
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
margin: 15px;
border: 2px solid black;
color: black;
float: left;
}
#container {
width: 150px;
height: 144px;
overflow: hidden;
border: 2px solid black;
}
#wrapper {
height: 140px;
width: 555px;
border: 2px solid green;
position: relative;
left: 0px;
}
#d1 {
background-color: blue;
}
#d2 {
background-color: red;
}
#d3 {
background-color: green;
}
#d4 {
background-color: yellow;
}
Here's the fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/97jhB/.
I intend to add javascript controls and provisions for left/right buttons later.
First, I just want to learn conceptually how it works.
I am trying to get the carousel 'effect' by playing with the wrapper's left.
If I go on decreasing the wrapper's left, I will be able to see the boxes successively.
I have a couple of questions:
If I don't set the wrapper's position to relative, changes made to it's left do not take effect. Why is that so? Isn't the wrapper supposed to be relative by default?
If I play around with the wrapper's margin-left instead of left, it seems to work as desired.
What is better between these two approaches: playing with left or playing with margin-left?
Because only relative, absolute and fixed positioning use left, right, top, and bottom to define their locations relative to the current context they are in.
Fixed is relative to the viewport, absolute is taken out of the normal page flow and relative to the first parent with a CSS position set on it, and relative is just relative to the nearest block-level ancestor.
static is the default position and uses margin-left, margin-right, etc to position the element relative to other elements in the page flow, within the nearest block-level ancestor.
Also, be aware that position:fixed does not work as expected on older mobile devices.
MDN has great documentation on this subject.
When you assign the position:relative CSS declaration to a div, you're not actually moving the space it takes up on the page, just where it is displayed.
However the default position is static for any html element if not specified explicitly.
position: static;
Check out this link on SO for a very complete explanation of the margin-left v/s left difference
Difference between margin-left and left
Static is the default, and the best thing to do is to have the wrapper relative and the items absolute, this way overflowing items won't go to the bottom (~ won't create new lines)... You'll have to remove float:left if you want to follow this path.
It's probably better to use left (or right if RTL), what if you want some margin between that your carousel slides, think of the scenario where you have more than one visible item.
Related
I'm making a pong clone using HTML/CSS/Js. I've set a div element to act as a border for the game, just to keep things in a confined space. How do I get elements (for example, a scoreboard) to act relative to their parent element? For example, if I tell the child to move 50% left, it moves to the center of the parent-div, and NOT to the center of the web-page. Basically I want the child confined by the dimensions of their parent (haha). It seems like
child-div {
position:relative;
}
in CSS would do the trick, but it's not...maybe it's because I'm developing in CodeAcademy's IDE?
position:relative means relative to itself not parents/children etc. It seems likely that you want relative on the parent and possibly absolute on the children. Without code, it's hard to help much further
Here's a quick demo for you.
.container {
width: 80%;
height: 250px;
margin: 0 auto;
position: relative;
border: 4px solid green;
}
.scoreboard {
width: 200px;
height: 50px;
background: lightblue;
border: 2px solid grey;
position: absolute;
top: 10px;
/* just for a bit of space */
left: 50%;
/*almost centered*/
margin-left: -100px;
/* half of known width */
}
<div class="container">
<div class="scoreboard"></div>
</div>
Note...there are other centering methods for absolutely positioned divs depending on whether the width is known and browser support requirements
left: 50%; does not center an element...it moves the element's top/left corner to the center of the containing element. You have to move it back half of it's width (if known)...see above.
One final point....positioned elements are not constrained to their ancestor elements but rather positioned in relation to them. It's quite common to have positioned elements outside the bounds of parents.
I have seen the layout similar to the image below used on some sites before and I really like the design but don't exactly know how to implement the overlapping image (Profile Image). I am using bootstrap if that helps. Any ideas?
Thanks!
I can see three ways to do this generally.
position: absolute
You could give the image or the image's wrapper the attribute of position:absolute and giving its container (in your example the green box) position:relative. Then you would apply top: -100px or whatever and a left attribute of left: 100px or whatever. This gives the effect of the image being out of flow, aligned to the left and offset by 100px, and 100px offset from the top of the green container. The disadvantage of this approach would be that any body content in your green container could appear under the image.
position: relative
This is the same approach as the first one with the exception of how the image flows in the document. Instead of giving the image position:absolute, you would give it position:relative. Relative works differently from absolute. instead of being x and y coordinates of the parent container, it's just shifted by however much you give as a value for top and left. So in this case, you would apply top:-100px and just leave the other directional values as default. this would shift your element by that amount but also leave its original spot in the document flow. As such you end up with a gap below the image that other content will flow around.
negative margin
I honestly would prefer this method in your case. In this method, you can give the image a negative margin (e.g. margin-top:-100px). This will offset the image, collapse the area below the image, and it will still retain some of its flow in the document. This means that the content of the green container will flow around the image but only around the part that is still inside the container. It won't have a ghost area that content flows around like with relative positioning, but it also doesn't entirely take the image out of flow like absolute positioning. One thing to keep in mind, however, is that if you try to use overflow of any kind other than the initial value, it will cause undesirable effects to your image.
Demo
Here's a quick little demo demonstrating all three methods in a simple use case: http://jsfiddle.net/jmarikle/2w4wqfxs/1
The profile image can be set with position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px, or something like that to keep in from taking up space in the flow of the page.
make the html element that holds the header image "position:relative". Then put the header image and the profile image in that element. then make the profile image "position:absolute" and utilize "top: XXpx" depending on how far you want it from the top of the header element. Same for "left".
see fiddle here
<div class="header">
<img src="" alt="my image" class="floatdown">
this is my header, image could go here too
</div>
<div class="body">
this is my body content
</div>
.header {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
height: 150px;
border: 2px solid #000;
text-align: right;
}
.body {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
border: 2px solid #000;
height: 500px;
text-align: right;
}
img {
width: 90px;
height: 90px;
border: 2px solid #ddd;
}
.floatdown {
position: absolute;
top: 100px;
left: 20px;
}
You can use the float property on your profile image to take it out of the "flow" of the document, and play with the margins to place it properly.
CSS :
#profile-image{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
float: left;
margin: 100px;
}
The marginis used to push it down and place it properly.
You can see an example of this in a Fiddle : http://jsfiddle.net/y706d77a/
I wouldn't recommand using position: absolute as you can get very strange results with different resolutions. I would only use that as a last resort.
This can be done many ways.
Anytime you see something like that on the web you can just use your inspector or firebug and see how they are doing it to get some ideas.
It wouldn't hurt to do some research on the web about CSS positioning.
http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_positioning.asp
Another great site.
http://css-tricks.com/
I just finished it.
Here is a codepen link:
http://codepen.io/anon/pen/zxYrxE
HTML:
<div class="main-container">
<div class="header">
<p>This is the header div</p>
</div>
<div class="profile">
<p>Profile</p>
</div>
<div class="content">
<p>Some dummy content div</p>
</div>
</div>
CSS is to big to be pasted here, so just open the link.
Put the profile image in the header, make the position: absolute; and the image position: relative;, and give it a negative bottom value that's half the height of the image, and set left to position it horizontally to taste.
HTML
<header>
<img class="profile">
</header>
<div>Content</div>
CSS
header, div{
min-height: 110px;
background: darkgray;
}
header{
position: relative;
background: gray;
}
img{
position: absolute;
bottom: -50px;
left: 100px;
}
http://jsfiddle.net/dekqn84c/
I want to place a div fixed on the left and near I want to place other div.
Imagine a twitter webpage, I want to fixed the left panel (where you write yout tweets) and near I want to place the panel where you read tweets.
Now I have the following code:
<div id="container">
<div id=fixed-menu>
</div>
<div id="content">
</div>
</div>
#fixed-menu {
position:fixed;
background: #fff;
padding: 10px;
top:60px;
left: 10px;
width:300px;
max-width: 300px;
}
#content {
background: #fff;
padding-top: 10px;
}
In this way, the div with id="content" appear on left so, the fixed-menu doesn't appear, because it is under content div.
If I use margin-left in #content the error is solved, but I don't want use that, any other solution?
Thanks.
One of the first things to note is that by putting a position Fixed on div#fixed-menu breaks it out of the normal document flow. What this means is that the other block/inline level elements do not know about it. Also by making it fixed, you make it fixed relative to the window. If you want it "fixed" within the container and not to a certain point on the screen I would go with position:absolute and then a position:relative on it's parent container.
Either way, the problem you're experiencing where div#content doesn't respect the position of the fixed element, is due to the fact that the fixed element is no longer part of the normal document flow. Adding a z-index to div#fixed-menu should bring it above the content. However, you will see overlapping and will have to account of the offset of div#content with either margin on div#content or padding on the parent container.
If you look at this fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/f38aj/
css:
#container {
position: relative;
height: 700px;
padding: 0 0 0 320px;
}
#fixed-menu {
position: fixed;
background: red;
padding: 10px;
top:8px;
left: 8px;
width: 300px;
max-width: 300px;
}
#content {
background: blue;
padding-top: 10px;
}
If you notice we create padding in the container, where we end up overlaying the div#container object.
we have a fixed container on the left while the right side content will scroll with the page. If you can come up with a non fixed solution it might be better, as there are phone browsers like older versions of iOS that will take anything that is position fixed and replace it with position absolute.
A side note, working with fixed/absolute positioning is useful especially in some crazy cases, but it does require a little more due diligence on your/your teams parts to maintain. If you start getting into z-indexes you might want to look at a library like less or sass just to create global css variables, which will make it easier to manage what can turn into an almost unmanageable experience.
hope that helps.
I'm running into a minor issue with one of the elements on my page. I have a sidebar which I am attempting to have span the height of the page by using the following CSS:
#sidebar {
width: 180px;
padding: 10px;
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
bottom: 0;
float: left;
background: #eee;
color: #666;
}
The corresponding CSS is pretty much what you'd expect:
<div id="header">
The header which takes up 50px in height
</div>
<div id="main-container">
<div id="sidebar">
The sidebar in question
</div>
<div id="main-content">
The rest of my page
</div>
</div>
The code works as expected for the most part. When the page renders it spans 100% of the height (minus the 50px from the top). The problem is that it essentially assigns the box to the exact height of the window so as I scroll down the box scrolls away instead of staying locked to the bottom of the window. Any ideas how to resolve this?
You have to use position:fixed if you want for the sidebar to be fixed on some position:
#sidebar {
width: 180px;
padding: 10px;
position: fixed;
top: 50px;
bottom: 0;
background: #eee;
color: #666;
}
JSFiddle
Another way would be to give to the parent container position:relative, and on his child position:absolute - but then the parent must have some height so the child element takes its height.
html,body{
position:relative;
height:100%; /* some height */
}
#sidebar{
width: 180px;
padding: 10px;
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
bottom: 0;
background: #eee;
color: #666;
}
JSFiddle
Check learnlayout to read more about positioning.
use css position:fixed to make the sidebar fixed.
in order to lock the height according to screen height i would use javascript/jquery:
$(function(){
// assign to resize
$(window).resize(set_height);
});
function set_height() {
$('#sidebar_id').height($(window).height());
}
hope that helps
First of all, I don't understand how it's spanning 100% of the height when no height has been defined.
Secondly use position: fixed instead of absolute.
On a second note, I'd like to recommend what seems a more proper way of going about positioning this. At the end of the main-container div, before it's closing tag, put this
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
and make the main container also float left, or float right if that doesnt give you what you want. It's suprising how such a common layout can feel tricky to do properly. (at least for newbies like us). I might be wrong, this might not be a better way, but it's the way I'd do it. The extra div you add is so that floated divs take up space, apart from that if it doesn't work, give the sidebar a height of 100%, or if you think it will overflow, tell me I'll add to my answer.
Now after several hours, I am still stuck at this problem; I am trying to make this box relatively positioned so that the results do not overlap my footer. I tried to achieve this via javascript and that did not work and now I am not sure how to make this relatively aligned.
Here is the jsfiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/Lp2kV/1/
I am sure the problem can be solved if I change content from absolute to relative but after that I am not able to align it the same way as now.
This is the part, where I think I need to edit positioning.
.content {
position: absolute;
top: 28px;
left: 0;
background: #eee;
right: 81px;
min-height: 200px;
padding: 20px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
height:auto;
}
If you only want the result contents to be contained inside the DIV area and have a scrollbar at the right side, you can add the following property inside your .content selector. This is if you want the height to stay the same.
overflow: auto;
But if you want the height to be flexible, then you should implement this approach..
First, remove the height property.
<div id="results_1">
<div style="clear: left; height: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;">
will become
<div id="results_1">
<div style="clear: left; margin: 0; padding: 0;">
Before the closing tag of <div class="content">, you should add <div style="clear: both;"></div>. This will automatically expand the gray container height depending on content.
Maybe what you'll have to do next is have a javascript code to compute height of the contents box then adjust the top margin of your footer via javascript so they won't overlap.
I highly suggest just use a jquery plugin instead to create a tabbed box and disregard my solutions. This will solve your positioning problems. The only way you were able to overlap .content boxes is because they are absolutely positioned.. and absolute positioned elements do not add up to the size of their parents. So the moment you change absolute to relative, the tabs will scatter because each tab will expand to the size of their child elements. You can't achieve tabbed boxes and not overlap the footer with your current approach, unless you use javascript, or apply overflow: auto; on the .content selector.
Hope this helps.