I am trying to compile a cuda program which uses cusparse library. I am getting linking error:
kernel.cu.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cusparseSetMatIndexBase#8 referenced in function _main
And a lot of error of same kind related to cusparse library. I have included "cusparse_v2.h".
How do i link cusparse library in visual studio 2010 during compilation?
The general instructions for linking libraries is not specific to CUDA. So you may want to learn more about using MS VS. Anyway, the steps are like this:
Make sure you have opened the project that you want to work on.
Select View...Property Pages (from the menu) A new dialog box will open up.
On the left hand side of this dialog box, select Linker to open up it's sub-menu
Under linker, select Input
Now, on the pane on the right, observe the first item which is "Additional Dependencies". I believe cudart.lib should already be present there.
Click to the right of cudart.lib You can now type in new libraries to be added. Type a space (to separate from cudart.lib) and type cusparse.lib
Now click "Apply" in the lower right corner of the dialog box.
That should be all that's needed, if your project/solution file is already set up using a cuda template. If cudart.lib is not present, or your project/solution files do not already comprehend cuda, that is a separate issue. In that case I would recommend starting over, by cloning a project from the Samples, and building your project using that as a starting point. It will then pick up all the proper directories to search as well as the cuda build rules. Since all the main cuda libraries (cudart, cublas, cufft, cusparse, etc.) are all in the same location, the same search path should pick any of them up as needed.
If you wanted to link another library, such as cublas.lib, for example, you could follow a similar sequence, replacing cusparse.lib above with cublas.lib
Note that with newer versions of CUDA (e.g. CUDA 7.5) it will be necessary to build a 64-bit project only (follow the above steps when modifying the x64 project properties.) CUDA 7.5 and beyond are dropping support for 32-bit projects.
I fixed it by following steps:
Add cuda path:
Go: "Configuration Properties->Linker->General->Additional Libary Directories" and add $(CudaToolkitLibDir) to the list.
Add cuda realtime library:
Go: "Solution Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies" and add cudart.lib to the list.
Add cublas library:
Go: "Solution Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies" and add cublas.lib to the list.
Changing platform to x64:
Go: "Configuration Properties->Platform" and set it to x64.
Run cmd.exe as administrator.
Type in and run the following two lines of command:
netsh winsock reset catalog
netsh int ip reset reset.log hit
It may say that a reboot is required, but actually that is not necessary.
Try to debug your application again, the problem should be solved.
I am trying to compile a cuda program which uses cusparse library. I am getting linking error:
kernel.cu.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cusparseSetMatIndexBase#8 referenced in function _main
And a lot of error of same kind related to cusparse library. I have included "cusparse_v2.h".
How do i link cusparse library in visual studio 2010 during compilation?
The general instructions for linking libraries is not specific to CUDA. So you may want to learn more about using MS VS. Anyway, the steps are like this:
Make sure you have opened the project that you want to work on.
Select View...Property Pages (from the menu) A new dialog box will open up.
On the left hand side of this dialog box, select Linker to open up it's sub-menu
Under linker, select Input
Now, on the pane on the right, observe the first item which is "Additional Dependencies". I believe cudart.lib should already be present there.
Click to the right of cudart.lib You can now type in new libraries to be added. Type a space (to separate from cudart.lib) and type cusparse.lib
Now click "Apply" in the lower right corner of the dialog box.
That should be all that's needed, if your project/solution file is already set up using a cuda template. If cudart.lib is not present, or your project/solution files do not already comprehend cuda, that is a separate issue. In that case I would recommend starting over, by cloning a project from the Samples, and building your project using that as a starting point. It will then pick up all the proper directories to search as well as the cuda build rules. Since all the main cuda libraries (cudart, cublas, cufft, cusparse, etc.) are all in the same location, the same search path should pick any of them up as needed.
If you wanted to link another library, such as cublas.lib, for example, you could follow a similar sequence, replacing cusparse.lib above with cublas.lib
Note that with newer versions of CUDA (e.g. CUDA 7.5) it will be necessary to build a 64-bit project only (follow the above steps when modifying the x64 project properties.) CUDA 7.5 and beyond are dropping support for 32-bit projects.
I fixed it by following steps:
Add cuda path:
Go: "Configuration Properties->Linker->General->Additional Libary Directories" and add $(CudaToolkitLibDir) to the list.
Add cuda realtime library:
Go: "Solution Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies" and add cudart.lib to the list.
Add cublas library:
Go: "Solution Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies" and add cublas.lib to the list.
Changing platform to x64:
Go: "Configuration Properties->Platform" and set it to x64.
Run cmd.exe as administrator.
Type in and run the following two lines of command:
netsh winsock reset catalog
netsh int ip reset reset.log hit
It may say that a reboot is required, but actually that is not necessary.
Try to debug your application again, the problem should be solved.
I am attempting to modify a GPL program written in C. My goal is to replace one method with a CUDA implementation, which means I need to compile with nvcc instead of gcc. I need help building the project - not implementing it (You don't need to know anything about CUDA C to help, I don't think).
This is my first time trying to change a C project of moderate complexity that involves a .configure and Makefile. Honestly, this is my first time doing anything in C in a long time, including anything involving gcc or g++, so I'm pretty lost.
I'm not super interested in learning configure and Makefiles - this is more of an experiment. I would like to see if the project implementation goes well before spending time creating a proper build script. (Not unwilling to learn as necessary, just trying to give an idea of the scope).
With that said, what are my options for building this project? I have a myriad of questions...
I tried adding "CC=nvcc" to the configure.in file after AC_PROG_CC. This appeared to work - output from running configure and make showed nvcc as the compiler. However make failed to compile the source file with the CUDA kernel, not recognizing the CUDA specific syntax. I don't know why, was hoping this would just work.
Is it possible to compile a source file with nvcc, and then include it at the linking step in the make process for the main program? If so, how? (This question might not make sense - I'm really rusty at this)
What's the correct way to do this?
Is there a quick and dirty way I could use for testing purposes?
Is there some secret tool everyone uses to setup and understand these configure and Makefiles? This is even worse than the Apache Ant scripts I'm used to (Yeah, I'm out of my realm)
You don't need to compile everything with nvcc. Your guess that you can just compile your CUDA code with NVCC and leave everything else (except linking) is correct. Here's the approach I would use to start.
Add a 1 new header (e.g. myCudaImplementation.h) and 1 new source file (with .cu extension, e.g. myCudaImplementation.cu). The source file contains your kernel implementation as well as a (host) C wrapper function that invokes the kernel with the appropriate execution configuration (aka <<<>>>) and arguments. The header file contains the prototype for the C wrapper function. Let's call that wrapper function runCudaImplementation()
I would also provide another host C function in the source file (with prototype in the header) that queries and configures the GPU devices present and returns true if it is successful, false if not. Let's call this function configureCudaDevice().
Now in your original C code, where you would normally call your CPU implementation you can do this.
// must include your new header
#include "myCudaImplementation.h"
// at app initialization
// store this variable somewhere you can access it later
bool deviceConfigured = configureCudaDevice;
...
// then later, at run time
if (deviceConfigured)
runCudaImplementation();
else
runCpuImplementation(); // run the original code
Now, since you put all your CUDA code in a new .cu file, you only have to compile that file with nvcc. Everything else stays the same, except that you have to link in the object file that nvcc outputs. e.g.
nvcc -c -o myCudaImplementation.o myCudaImplementation.cu <other necessary arguments>
Then add myCudaImplementation.o to your link line (something like:)
g++ -o myApp myCudaImplementation.o
Now, if you have a complex app to work with that uses configure and has a complex makefile already, it may be more involved than the above, but this is the general approach. Bottom line is you don't want to compile all of your source files with nvcc, just the .cu ones. Use your host compiler for everything else.
I'm not expert with configure so can't really help there. You may be able to run configure to generate a makefile, and then edit that makefile -- it won't be a general solution, but it will get you started.
Note that in some cases you may also need to separate compilation of your .cu files from linking them. In this case you need to use NVCC's separate compilation and linking functionality, for which this blog post might be helpful.
Everyone (at least everyone who uses a compiled language) has faced compilation errors but how many times do you get to actually crash the compiler?
I've had my fair share of "internal compiler errors" but most went away just by re-compiling. Do you have a (minimal) piece of code that crashes the compiler?
I write the compiler we use, so it crashes sometimes.
easy.
// -*- C++ -*-
template <int n>
class Foo : public Foo<n+1>
{
};
int main(int, char*[])
{
Foo<0> x;
return 0;
};
ejgottl#luna:~/tmp$ g++ -ftemplate-depth-1000000 -Wall foo.cpp -o foo
g++: Internal error: Segmentation fault (program cc1plus)
Please submit a full bug report.
See `<URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/bugs.html>` for instructions.
For Debian GNU/Linux specific bug reporting instructions, see
`<URL:file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.2/README.Bugs>`.
I haven't made GHC (a Haskell compiler) crash yet, but I've gotten it to error out with a
My brain just exploded.
I can't handle pattern bindings for existentially-quantified constructors.
It's pretty easy to work around, and you don't hit this unless you have some tricky (and usually wrong) design, but it probably wins as the best compiler error message ever.
VC catches it gracefully now, but in the mid 90's, this would crashed both Microsoft C++ and Borland C++ compilers:
struct MyClass
{
MyClass operator->() { return *this; }
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
MyClass A;
A->x;
}
An overloaded operator-> is intrinsically recursive. The function is expected to return a pointer, which oper-> is again applied to. This fragment made code generation infinitely recursive.
Actionscript 3.0:
switch(on_some_variable)
{
}
Empty switch = Kaboom!
Visual C++ 9.0 SP1
this just happened to me
------ Build started: Project: pdfp, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
Compiling...
reader.cpp
xref.cpp
c:\projects\pdfp\xref.cpp(52) : fatal error C1001: An internal error has occurred in the compiler.
(compiler file 'f:\dd\vctools\compiler\cxxfe\sl\p1\c\toil.c', line 8569)
To work around this problem, try simplifying or changing the program near the locations listed above.
Please choose the Technical Support command on the Visual C++
Help menu, or open the Technical Support help file for more information
Generating Code...
Build log was saved at "file://c:\Projects\pdfp\Debug\BuildLog.htm"
pdfp - 1 error(s), 0 warning(s)
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
Well, this didn't actually crash the compiler -- It was merely a bug were VC++ wouldn't accept perfectly good code. (details provided here).
The odd this about it was that it was only triggered when three fairly obscure conditions were all met. Moving one line of code was all that was needed for an effective workaround. And one of the needed pre-conditions was "using namespace std;" which is widely discouraged in production code.
Nevertheless, messages asking how to fix the problem were a staple on Microsoft VC++ newsgroups. I couldn't figure out how so many people stumbled onto an obscure bug. So, eventually, I asked someone.....
The exact code needed to trigger the bug was an example in Stroustrup's "The C++ Programming Langauge". (*)
(*) Note, I'm not saying he did it on purpose. I sure he tested it under a UNIX variant of C++, and was completely unaware of it's affect on VC++.
I've seen a few compiler bugs in the C# compiler (all edge cases, all reported appropriately) and confirmed some crashes provoked by other people.
The scariest compiler (of a sort) bug I've encountered was a JIT bug in one version of Java. It was quite reproducible, but caused the VM to go down. Adding a fairly no-op statement (I can't remember exactly what offhand - possibly just declaring an extra local variable with an initial value) moved it away from whatever corner case it happened to be - and it was fixed in a later version.
This crashed the C64 BASIC:
PRINT 0 + "" +- 0
Yes, especially when it's an old or undermaintained compiler (GCC 2.95, Tendra in C++ mode). I don't keep the pieces of code around, though.
Visual C++ 5. 'Nuff said.
Oops, forgot an 'e' in typedef and crashed the compiler.
typdef struct kGUIColor GameColor;
c:\source\kgui\samples\space\space.cpp(35) : fatal error C1001: INTERNAL COMPILER ERROR
(compiler file 'msc1.cpp', line 2708)
Please choose the Technical Support command on the Visual C++
Help menu, or open the Technical Support help file for more information
Today VS2003SP1 gave me a C1001 (Internal Compiler Error) complaining about compiler file 'msc1.cpp', line 2708) because of this:
struct PATTERN {
…
};
It turns out that the problem was that the structure name I was trying to define (PATTERN) was already a typedef in the GDI for a brush type. However instead of telling me that the symbol is already defined (like it does for most other things) it not only did not point to the structure as the problem—I narrowed the problem down to it by selectively commenting out blocks until the error went away—but it also gave me the aforementioned cryptic error which has nothing to do with the file specified—which I can’t even find to examine the line in question. :|
I was able to reproduce it with the following code:
typedef int SOMETHINGOROTHER;
struct SOMETHINGOROTHER {};
> fatal error C1001: INTERNAL COMPILER ERROR
> (compiler file 'msc1.cpp', line 2708) …
Whereas the following code gives the expected error message:
struct SOMETHINGOROTHER {};
typedef int SOMETHINGOROTHER;
> 'SOMETHINGOROTHER' : redefinition; different basic types
Clearly the problem is in the compiler’s structure handling routine.
I wonder if VS2005+ do better…
Here's a way to crash the VS2003 C++ compiler.
typedef map<int,int> Tmap;
private: Tmap; * m_map;
This will result in a crash and the following error message
fatal error C1001: INTERNAL COMPILER
ERROR (compiler file 'msc1.cpp', line
2708) Please choose the Technical
Support command on the Visual C++ Help
menu, or open the Technical Support
help file for more information
Remove the semicolon immediately after Tmap (second line which defines m_map) to eliminate the error.
In a project I was working in, some specific usages of Boost Lambda expressions could make the Visual C++ compiler crash. (We were using Visual Studio 2003)
The compiler would only crash during the release build, a debug build would work fine.
There had been a religious war raging through the team about the appropriate usage of the lambda libraries, I was almost grateful that the compiler settled it for us. :-)
In version 1.2.x of the Mono C# compiler would crash quite a bit with complicated code (if I remember correctly, nested anonymous delegates). Fortunately with 2.x release, I haven't seen any crashes.
At my previous job we had a simulator which was notorious for being able to crash (ICE) compilers or cause them to generate incorrect code. And when the code actually was generated correctly, ofter the compiler took 15 minutes for a single source file. Visual Studio was never (as long as I worked there) able to compile the simulator core.
The core was automatically generated from a DSL, and the generated code often pushed the compiler to its limits.
Upgrading to a new version of GCC often caused widespread nervosity: will the new version work?
Thanks to #Nick, this crashes VS2005.
template<typename Res, typename T>
Res operator_cast(const T& t)
{
return t.operator Res();
}
int main()
{
return operator_cast<int>(0);
}
I've crashed a compiler before by running it out of memory.
Give a DOS compiler about 0.5mb of source code. Crunch.
When you get a message "Catastrophic Failure" you know you're trying....
Michael
I use both pcc and gcc to compile my old OS project.
I found a bug with how both pcc and gcc handle a non-trivial piece of code and it crashed pcc.
(chars are signed on my platform)
struct{
char myvalue:1;
}mystruct;
pcc crashed because all bitfield values must be int though, so it's really more buggy there, but gcc handles it wrongly. See, if you think about it, it is signed, but only has room for one bit. So therefore, it only can store 0 and -1. Well, gcc handles it wrong by storing 0 or 1.
VC++ has crashed on me when compiling C++ if template usage is messed up (e.g., missing out on a closing ">").
I did. Some Delphi versions (lets say #4) crashed very often with cryptic error messages.
The newer versions (2006 and more) are stable but not rock solid. (7 was great in that case).
Compiler crashes often occur with large edits, and debug sessions of complex projects (lots of dll's). Most of the time a restart of the ide is enough. But sometimes you need to restart the PC.
O and I once crashed OS2 along with the compiler because the swapfile grew too large.
One time when I used the generators example from the Python docs, it broke the version of Python we were using. The same week, one of my colleagues managed to misuse the FFI such that any calculation involving the number 3 would crash python.
The Microsoft Xbox 360 compiler can crash easily. I was given source code with Japanese comments and when converted to regular text one of the last characters on the line was a '\' so it continued the comment onto the next line. If the next line was a switch command, then the compiler crashes.
//wierd japanese characters here %^$$\
switch(n)
{
case 0:
.....
break;
case 1:
.....
break;
}
I have crashed Delphi 7 many times asking it to compile legacy dos code.
The prime culprit seems to be any qualification of something as being in the system unit. This won't always blow it up but when it blows up on such stuff I look through and rewrite anything that requires such an override and the problem goes away.
The blowups are 100% reproduceable but I have never managed to make a simple test case. It doesn't actually crash the compiler most of the time, you usually get an error that has nothing to do with the problem and may be hundreds of lines from it. The environment is destabilized, save and exit is ok but don't think of doing anything else.
Back in the stone age with Borland Pascal 7 (the last dos version) I broke it many times. No crash, just incorrect and inconsistent code emission. I finally learned to keep the .EXE (not counting debug info) below 3mb. The farther beyond that I went the more unstable it got.
I've crashed VC++ a number of times, usually with template code. But that's not the most interesting crash...
I crashed the VS2005 Team System compiler with the /analyze option compiling my shared code library which compiled without error without the switch, and on VS2008 with and without the switch. Of course MS wasn't very interested because it was a bug in the old version of the compiler, but I thought it was pretty interesting.
I managed to segfault the Python interpreter. Of course, I was working on a C extension at the time and getting it not-quite-right.
It doesn't happen as much as it used to, but occasionally the ASP.net precompiler has issues - I haven't seen it personally, but I have fixed a problem on another project once where they had name clashes because they weren't using namespaces properly (caused compiler crashes) during pre-compile.
In the good old days (unmanaged MSVC++) we had the odd compiler crash usually due to linking in external static win32 classes (.lib) and a couple of odd bits of code occasionally caused issues, but these were all picked up very quickly.
I don't know if I would call it crashing, but sdcc (Small Device C Compiler) fails at compiling code formed in a particular way:
Target: 8051
Code had to execute in a 512 byte cache loaded from an external tester
Tester is in control and stores the code - cache can't fetch the next page
No function calls allowed - the PC (program counter) would skip to a place not resident in cache; preprocessor macros were used to accomplish modular coding practice
Jumps (branching) allowed if it doesn't skip out of the cache
No const values - in the data section of the program code which causes code in cache to fetch something not in cache - preprocessor constant (#define) OK here
The preprocessor macros are unrolled resulting in flat, but large code - everything in main(); execution skips the startup code (setting up the stack, etc) and starts at the beginning of main()
Relevant part of this answer:
Occasionally, sdcc would refuse to compile syntactically correct code, with a message about running out of memory. This even happened compiling on 64-bit boxes with 8GB of RAM.
The solution in these cases was to split the firmware into separate pieces and compile them separately and execute them separately. The pieces may have been able to be linked back together, but at that point it didn't matter.
I didn't try it, but the Keil 8051 compiler probably could have handled the problematic code.