I'm preparing the email html file for mailing. I'm using the table, tr, td tags. The whole content of my html so far is placed within a table, including another small table within one of the cells (see pictures below). I would like the whole table to display always in the center. I would also like the small table to display in the middle of the cell. The width of outer table it fixed.
I tried putting into CSS:
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
and
margin: 0px auto;
, all of which I have found in here. The preview looks fine with either, the preview after uploading the file into mass mailing system works ok as well. But after sending, the centering does not display at all (the inner table also doesn't display at all in Gmail, only content of it). So I'm looking for the most common, most widely used html property, which would most likely display the table in the middle in every browser/mail client. OR, for the advice regarding the possible wrong usage of class properties.
My whole section:
<style>
table, th, td {
border-collapse: collapse;
font-family: Verdana, sant-serif;
}
th, td {
padding: 15px;
text-align: left;
}
.main {
width:1000px;
border: 5px solid #114889;
margin: 0px auto;
}
.inside {
width: 500px;
border: 1px dotted #0000CC;
background-color: #CCE5FF;
text-align: center;
font-size: 10px;
margin: 0px auto;
}
</style>
I am not a pro with the topic so I apologize for the use of wrong terminology.
Edit:
Display in Outlook. All is well but the left alignment:
Display in Gmail. No tables whatsoever:
Outlook only works with tables, so you're right to approach it from that angle. However, some Gmail environments do not even look at embedded CSS (CSS within <head> section). You'll need to 'inline' the CSS (https://www.campaignmonitor.com/resources/tools/css-inliner/).
To center a table in Outlook, use the attribute align on the <table> element like so: <table width="300" align="center"...>. You may also need to wrap it all with <center>...</center>, even though that tag is deprecated (yes, email is that old!).
You'll find in general Outlook will support the attributes - e.g. for border colours, <td bgcolor="#abcdef"...> - whereas others will support the inline style, e.g. <td style="background-color:#abcdef"...>. You should use both, and not rely on embedded CSS.
I can update more specifically if you need, after posting the affected HTML.
Try this one.
.parentTable {
position: relative;
}
.childTable {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
So I'm designing an org chart based on the table element and I have a problem. I'm using <hr> elements to create the connectors; however, I can't get the dead space inbetween elements to go away. I've spent the last hour trying to figure out how the hell to get it to work and I just can't seem to figure it out.
I've included a picture to show:
The other issue is more of a question I haven't really looked into but figured I'd ask anyway. How can I lock the height of my table items. I've locked the width just fine but I can't seem to lock the height to 70px.
And here is some choice code:
<table class="orgchart" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="item">Director</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="divider"><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><hr width="1" size="20"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="item">Assistant to the Director</td><td></td><td class="item">Deputy Director</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
</tr>
And the CSS:
.orgchart td {
width: 70px;
height: 70px;
text-align: center;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: no-wrap;
}
.divider td {
height: 20px;
}
.item {
border: 2px solid black;
}
And here is the CodePen: http://codepen.io/jacob_johnson/pen/GpEjmm?editors=110
There's a margin all the way around the <hr>. Remove the top and bottom margins from the <hr>. All browsers apply default styling to elements, though not always the same. As a result you will see reset and normalize stylesheets used to improve visual consistency and development pains.
Updated Codepen with CSS below added.
hr {
margin: 0 auto;
}
If I was doing this project I would find a simple grid framework to layout with DIVs or more than likely I would create this chart as an inline SVG.
So I have a problem and hope you could help me out here for I am out of ideas:
I try to create a html/css-based bill of fare (I hope it's right... perhaps "menu" is better english? sry, german here), and it worked out fine so far, but there's one little flaw in my css I cant' figure out.
To make things clearer, I created a fiddle over here: [removed, the picture makes it clear :) ]
So in the fiddle you see the "days"-line, which css-class .day have just the same percentual width than my menu-cssclass.
Here's the corresponding css:
.a4 .days td div {
color: #ffffff;
font-size: 20px;
padding: 6px 0 4px;
text-align: center;
display: inline-block;
width: 14.28%;
border-right: 2px solid white;
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: 'OpenSans_SemiBold';
}
...and
.a4 .menu-item {
width: 14.28%;
float: left;
vertical-align: top;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
So I thought menus and day-fields would be aligned correctly. But sadly, as seen in the fiddle, the nearer my plan goes "to sunday", the less space is between the menu and the end of the day-rectangle.
I hope someone here could help me out, because after trying to change position: relative to absolute and some other Ideas I am out of Ideas now and clearly in need of help.
edit: here's a screenshot from the comments better describing my problem! actually, I want all fields to look like the "Monday" with the same margin between pictures and end of "monday"-headline (sry for my bad english):
On this line remove colspan="2"
<tr class="content">
<td class="hspace border-color">
<td class="border-color" colspan="2"> <--- here
And the reason is your table rows are of different width, the "days" row is 1174px and the "content" row is 1204px, so 14.28% of that width gives two different values
I'm not sure if i understand your problem correctly but i think this might help.
http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS3/Selectors/current/html/static/flat/css3-modsel-33.html
Use the last class to target the Sunday and give it a bigger margin? If that is what you want.
I hope this helps!
Please visit this website.
There is a blank space at the bottom. I checked it and there is no minimum height mentioned in my css.
I suspect it's in the body's css details as below:
body {
line-height: 1.5;
font-size: 87.5%;
word-wrap: break-word;
margin-top: 0px;
margin-left: 0px;
margin-right: 0px;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
outline: 0;
background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #EFEFEF;
}
html, body, #page {
height: 100%;
}
This removed the bleed for me in Safari 6.0.3;
#footer-wrapper {
margin-top: 40px;
background: url("../images/footer.png") repeat-x scroll 0 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
You might want to handle that overflow differently tho, based on the content inside it. But this should fix the white space.
I figured it out by just deleting nodes from the DOM bottom-up. It had to be in the #footer-wrapper. As margin-bottom didn't work and you were using relative positioning I figured it was some shadow styling bleeding out of that element.
Update (better fix)
Just found the real issue to the problem;
.clearfix::after {
content: "";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
Change content: "."; to content: ""; and it's fixed. Or just remove that style at all, as it doesn't seem to have use in that case.
"overflow: hidden"
makes things harder but try,
"overflow: auto"
in order to be able to flow when you need.
I'm late to the show here but it may help somebody in my case I had an empty space at the top I added the margin-top=-20px now the empty space at the bottom, tried almost all suggestions I found on these and many threads and nothing. Decided to run it thru some HTML validator there are a few none of them pick up but after a couple one found an extra character(`) at the end of a tag, and that was it, so it was user clumsiness, took that thing out now my page was shifted, took the negative margin and all good. So try a validator and look for something like this.
margin-bottom: 0px;
This would do it
Btw ..nice site dude :)
Sometimes, it's some iframes/objects that are created by third party services that create this blank space. In my case, Google Adwords and Google Analytics was creating this. So, I removed by adding this CSS:
object[type="application/gas-events-cef"],
iframe[name="google_conversion_frame"] {
display: none !important;
height: 0 !important;
width: 0 !important;
line-height: 0 !important;
font-size: 0 !important;
margin-top: -13px;
float: left;
}
Maybe you will need to add some extra rules for your case. Hope that helps.
Ok, I had a simple layout problem a week or two ago. Namely sections of a page needed a header:
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Title Button |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
Pretty simple stuff. Thing is table hatred seems to have taken over in the Web world, which I was reminded of when I asked Why use definition lists (DL,DD,DT) tags for HTML forms instead of tables? Now the general topic of tables vs divs/CSS has previously been discussed, for example:
DIV vs Table; and
Tables instead of DIVs.
So this isn't intended to be a general discussion about CSS vs tables for layout. This is simply the solution to one problem. I tried various solutions to the above using CSS including:
Float right for the button or a div containing the button;
Position relative for the button; and
Position relative+absolute.
None of these solutions were satisfactory for different reasons. For example the relative positioning resulted in a z-index issue where my dropdown menu appeared under the content.
So I ended up going back to:
<style type="text/css">
.group-header { background-color: yellow; width: 100%; }
.group-header td { padding: 8px; }
.group-title { text-align: left; font-weight: bold; }
.group-buttons { text-align: right; }
</style>
<table class="group-header">
<tr>
<td class="group-title">Title</td>
<td class="group-buttons"><input type="button" name="Button"></td>
</tr>
</table>
And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.
So can anyone do the equivalent without tables?
The requirements are:
Backwards compatible: to FF2 and IE6;
Reasonably consistent: across different browsers;
Vertically centered: the button and title are of different heights; and
Flexible: allow reasonably precise control over positioning (padding and/or margin) and styling.
On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:
Why CSS should not be used for layout; and
Tables vs CSS: CSS Trolls begone
EDIT: Let me elaborate on the float issue. This sort of works:
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; overflow: hidden; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-title { float: left; padding: 8px; }
.group-buttons { float: right; padding: 8px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="group-header">
<div class="group-title">This is my title</div>
<div class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></div>
</div>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.</p>
<p>So can anyone do the equivalent without tables that is backwards compatible to at least FF2 and IE6?</p>
<p>On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Thanks to Ant P for the overflow: hidden part (still don't get why though). Here's where the problem comes in. Say I want the title and button to be vertically centered. This is problematic because the elements are of different height. Compare this to:
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; overflow: hidden; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-header td { vertical-align: middle; }
.group-title { padding: 8px; }
.group-buttons { text-align: right; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table class="group-header">
<tr>
<td class="group-title">This is my title</td>
<td class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.</p>
<p>So can anyone do the equivalent without tables that is backwards compatible to at least FF2 and IE6?</p>
<p>On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
which works perfectly.
There is nothing wrong with using the tools that are available to you to do the job quickly and correctly.
In this case a table worked perfectly.
I personally would have used a table for this.
I think nested tables should be avoided, things can get messy.
Just float left and right and set to clear both and you're done. No need for tables.
Edit: I know that I got a lot of upvotes for this, and I believed I was right. But there are cases where you simply need to have tables. You can try doing everything with CSS and it will work in modern browsers, but if you wish to support older ones... Not to repeat myself, here the related stack overflow thread and rant on my blog.
Edit2: Since older browsers are not that interesting anymore, I'm using Twitter bootstrap for new projects. It's great for most layout needs and does using CSS.
Float title left, float button right, and (here's the part I never knew until recently) - make the container of them both {overflow:hidden}.
That should avoid the z-index problem, anyway. If it doesn't work, and you really need the IE5 support, go ahead and use the table.
This is kind of a trick question: it looks terribly simple until you get to
Say I want the title and button to be vertically centered.
I want to state for the record that yes, vertical centring is difficult in CSS. When people post, and it seems endless on SO, "can you do X in CSS" the answer is almost always "yes" and their whinging seems unjustified. In this case, yes, that one particular thing is hard.
Someone should just edit the entire question down to "is vertical centring problematic in CSS?".
In pure CSS, a working answer will one day be to just use "display:table-cell". Unfortunately that doesn't work across current A-grade browsers, so for all that you might as well use a table if you just want to achieve the same result anyway. At least you'll be sure it works far enough into the past.
Honestly, just use a table if it's easier. It won't hurt.
If the semantics and accessibility of the table element really matter to you, there is a working draft for making your table non-semantic:
http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#presentation
I think this requires a special DTD beyond XHTML 1.1, which would just stir up the whole text/html vs application/xml debate, so let's not go there.
So, on to your unresolved CSS problem...
To vertically align two elements on their center: it can be done a few different ways, with some obtuse CSS hackery.
If you can fit within the following constraints, then there is a relatively simple way:
The height of the two elements is fixed.
The height of the container is fixed.
The elements will be narrow enough not to overlap (or can be set to a fixed width).
Then you can use absolute positioning with negative margins:
.group-header { height: 50px; position: relative; }
.group-title, .group-buttons { position: absolute; top: 50%; }
# Assuming the height of .group-title is a known 34px
.group-title { left: 0; margin-top: -17px; }
# Assuming the height of .group-buttons is a known 38px
.group-buttons { right: 0; margin-top: -19px; }
But this is pointless in most situations... If you already know the height of the elements, then you can just use floats and add enough margin to position them as needed.
Here is another method which uses the text baseline to vertically align the two columns as inline blocks. The drawback here is that you need to set fixed widths for the columns to fill out the width from the left edge. Because we need to keep the elements locked to a text baseline, we can't just use float:right for the second column. (Instead, we have to make the first column wide enough to push it over.)
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; }
.valign { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-title { padding: 8px; width: 384px; }
.group-buttons { padding: 8px; width: 84px; text-align: right; }
</style>
<!--[if lt IE 8]>
<style type="text/css">
.valign { display: inline; margin-top: -2px; padding-top: 1px; }
</style>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="group-header">
<div class="valign">
<div class="group-title">This is my title.</div>
</div><!-- avoid whitespace between these! --><div class="valign">
<div class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly, but mind the hacks.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The HTML: We add .valign wrappers around each column. (Give them a more "semantic" name if it makes you happier.) These need to be kept without whitespace in between or else text spaces will push them apart. (I know it sucks, but that's what you get for being "pure" with the markup and separating it from the presentation layer... Ha!)
The CSS: We use vertical-align:middle to line up the blocks to the text baseline of the group-header element. The different heights of each block will stay vertically centered and push out the height of their container. The widths of the elements need to be calculated to fit the width. Here, they are 400 and 100, minus their horizontal padding.
The IE fixes: Internet Explorer only displays inline-block for natively-inline elements (e.g. span, not div). But, if we give the div hasLayout and then display it inline, it will behave just like inline-block. The margin adjustment is to fix a 1px gap at the top (try adding background colors to the .group-title to see).
I would recommend not using a table in this instance, because that is not tabular data; it's purely presentational to have the button located at the far right. This is what I'd do to duplicate your table structure (change to a different H# to suit where you are in your site's hierarchy):
<style>
.group-header { background: yellow; zoom: 1; padding: 8px; }
.group-header:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; }
/* set width appropriately to allow room for button */
.group-header h3 { float: left; width: 300px; }
/* set line-height or margins to align with h3 baseline or middle */
.group-header input { float: right; }
</style>
<div class="group-header">
<h3>This is my title</h3>
<input type="button" value="Collapse"/>
</div>
If you want true vertical alignment in the middle (ie, if the text wraps the button is still middle-aligned with respect to both lines of text), then you either need to do a table or work something with position: absolute and margins. You can add position: relative to your drop-down menu (or more likely its parent) in order to pull it into the same ordering level as the buttons, allowing you to bump it above them with z-index, if it comes to that.
Note that you don't need width: 100% on the div because it's a block-level element, and zoom: 1 makes the div behave like it has a clearfix in IE (other browsers pick up the actual clearfix). You also don't need all those extraneous classes if you're targeting things a bit more specifically, although you might need a wrapper div or span on the button to make positioning easier.
Do a double float in a div and use the clearfix. http://www.webtoolkit.info/css-clearfix.html Do you have any padding/margin restrictions?
<div class="clearfix">
<div style="float:left">Title</div>
<input type="button" value="Button" style="float:right" />
</div>
<div class="group-header">
<input type="button" name="Button" value="Button" style="float:right" />
<span>Title</span>
</div>
I've chose to use Flexbox, because it made things so much easier.
You basically need to go to the parent of the children you want to align and add display:box (prefixed of course). To make them sit in the sides, use justify-content. Space between is the right thing when you have elements which need to be aligned to the end, like in this case (see link)...
Then the vertical align issue. Because I made the parent of the two elements, you want to align a Flexbox. It's easy now to use align-items: center.
Then I added the styles you wanted before, removed the float from the title and button in the header and added a padding:
.group-header, .group-content {
width: 500px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.group-header{
border: 1px solid red;
background: yellow;
overflow: hidden;
display: -webkit-box;
display: -moz-box;
display: box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -moz-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-justify-content: space-between;
-moz-justify-content: space-between;
-ms-justify-content: space-between;
-o-justify-content: space-between;
justify-content: space-between;
webkit-align-items: center;
-moz-align-items: center;
-ms-align-items: center;
-o-align-items: center;
align-items: center;
padding: 8px 0;
}
.group-content{
border: 1px solid black;
background: #DDD;
}
.group-title {
padding-left: 8px;
}
.group-buttons {
padding-right: 8px
}
See Demo
I agree that one should really only use tables for tabular data, for the simple reason that tables don't show until they're finished loading (no matter how fast that is; it's slower that the CSS method). I do, however, feel that this is the simplest and most elegant solution:
<html>
<head>
<title>stack header</title>
<style type="text/css">
#stackheader {
background-color: #666;
color: #FFF;
width: 410px;
height: 50px;
}
#title {
color: #FFF;
float: left;
padding: 15px 0 0 15px;
}
#button {
color: #FFF;
float: right;
padding: 15px 15px 0 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="stackheader">
<div id="title">Title</div>
<div id="button">Button</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The button function and any extra detail can be styled from this basic form. Apologies for the bad tags.