What does the ampersand and $ symbol mean in the following contexts? - ms-access

I'm in the process of a code review and have come across this:
Dim lngLen As Long
lngLen = 16&
I have done some reading and it appears to be that this is a way of casting the number to a long - is that correct?
But is that really necessary here as you can just assign lngLen the value of 16 because it's a numeric value.
Also, following this code this is done:
Dim strCompName As String
strCompName = String$(lngLen, 0&)
I realize the String method, from the Access help definitions, "returns a variant containing a repreating character string of the length specified."
So what does the $ do? And again is the & casting the 0 to a long?

Hi you can check this question for a possible answer to your query.
Edit:
Moreover, I was able to scour the internet for more resources and I found this VBA typing convention which originally found on this forum page.
Hopefully this would help you.

Well as per you inquiry
Some people think Choosing the function that returns the correct type will be slightly more efficient and this makes faster executing code.
Well on the other hand some thinks It serves no useful
purpose at all to add the type declaration suffix in the code when it was
not declared with the suffix. Surely that does nothing but obfuscate the
code.
String$ is a function
The $ at the end is a way of declaring the variable As String.
The & at the end is a way of declaring the variable As Long.
You are right i dont think these are necessary here.

Related

Find a specific string in html source

My goal is to find a predefined string in an HTML source of a specific site that I have extracted using c++, but I'm getting some errors. Here is my source code so far:
So after I connect to the internet and the site and all I have this...
addr = InternetOpenUrl...
dmbp = char dmbp[5000]
dba = DWORD dba = 0
while (InternetReadFile(addr, dmbp, 80000, &dba) && dba)
{
string str2 = dmbp;
size_t sf1 = str2.find(string1);
if (sf1!=string::npos)
{printf("found");
// manipulate it...
}else{printf("not found");}
}
My problem is that it never actually confirms that it found the value that I need, it always says that the value is not found, but I even statically insert the page and look at myself and i can see the value that i need, it just doesnt show up. Does anyone with experience in html extraction with c++ know what I'm missing or how I can get this to work?
There is nothing wrong with the string search code as far as I can see, the problem is that we don't know exactly what you are searching for.
As pure HTML can be full of special characters (such as " or ", the string you might be looking for should deal with those characters. Also, strings can contain newlines and html tags (such as <b></b> within a single word), and they should be specified in the search string as string::find looks for an exact match (including any newline).
Also, I suggest debugging your code and see if the website's text/code is actually loaded into str2.
Looking at the information given that's currently the only issue I can think of why your code doesn't work.

Query in MUMPS statement

I $P(GIH,,24)= S $P(GIH,,24)="C" S
What is the meaning of two S's in above MUMPS statement?
Let me start out by saying the original statement is NOT either Standard MUMPS or InterSystems Cache, or GT.M code. Even broadly guessing what was originally meant, the final S on the line isn't something you would do in MUMPS. A single S could be a SET command, but you still don't have any arguments telling what variable could be assigned, or what value should be assigned to it.
The rest of my reply is trying to figure out what it could have meant.
Your question seems to be broken by some software. either that on stackoverflow or the cut-and-paste process to put it here:
I saw:
I $P(GIH,,24)= S $P(GIH,,24)="C" S
What is the meaning of two S's in above MUMPS statement?
It is hard to figure out what you meant, since it would require hypothesizing where quotes might be and which ones could have been deleted by the transmission of the question.
First of all, let's do something we can guess is reasonable. $P is usually an abbreviation for the built-in (intrinsic) function $PIECE. an I standing alone is probably an IF command
and an S standing alone is probably a SET command. This runs into a problem with your example, because the format of a line of MUMPS code is COMMAND COMMAND-ARGUMENT.
Aside Note: I also just tried to put the text COMMAND-ARGUMENT in "angle brackets" ie: with a less-than character at the beginning of the word and a greater-than character at the end. The text COMMAND-ARGUMENT just disappeared. Which means that stackoverflow sees it as HTML markup. I notice there is a Code marker on the top of this edit window which may or may not help.
If we do the expansions to the code above, we get:
IF $PIECE(GIH,,24)= SET $PIECE(GIH,,24)="C" SET
When we expand the final S but it looks like a SET command, but without any set-argument.
Note, if this was in a Cache system, we might have an example of extra spaces allowed by Cache, which are not allowed in Standard MUMPS, ie the S may have been the right hand side of an equality operator in the IF command. This would only make sense if Cache also allowed the argument of the SET command to be in code without an actual SET command.
i.e.:
IF $PIECE(GIH,,24)=S $PIECE(GIH,,24)="C" SET
We still would have to deal with the two commas in a row for the $PIECE intrinsic function. Currently using two commas in a row to indicate a missing argument is only allowed in Programmer-written code, not when using built-in functions. So this might be a place where we can guess what you meant, or originally pasted in.
If we put in double-quotes we run into the problem that $PIECE command (which separates a string based on a delimiter) would have an quoted string of zero length given as its second argument. Which is just as erroneous as having an empty argument.
So if we hypothesize a quoted string that has angle brackets, we would get something this for your original line:
IF $PIECE(GIH,"<something>",24)="<something>" SET $PIECE(GIH,"<something>",24)="C" SET
Note: I just saw the Code marker allows use of grave accents to keep from assuming a line is HTML - which is good since grave accent is not a character used in MUMPS coding.
As has been mentioned on another reply, the SET-$PIECE-ARGUMENT form is used to change the data stored in a database at a particular delimited substring location.
So this code might be fine for guessing, but it has gone far afield of what you may or may not have done. So I'm stopping now until we get feedback that this is even close to what you wanted. As I said at the first, this is still not quite valid code.
This is pretty bizarre, but what I think is going on is:
I $P(GIH,<null>,24)=<null>
Calling $PIECE with the second argument null will replace the entire string with the value you're assigning, which, in this case, is also null. It looks like a convoluted way of clearing the value of GIH and permitting control to flow into the following SET statement. I seriously doubt that $PIECE sets the $T flag, though, which means that calling this as the condition for the IF operator probably isn't working the way you want it to.
S $P(GIH,,24)="C"
The next statement looks a lot like the first -- replace the entirety of GIH with "C".
S
I don't think the last SET is valid MUMPS.
Why this isn't written as follows is beyond me:
s GIH="C"
Hope that helps!
Maybe Intersystems Caché handles this syntax differently, but that code results in a syntax error when I try it in Caché. There may be other versions of MUMPS for which that is valid, but I don't think it is.
As other have pointed out this statement is not valid, It appears pieces are missing
But S is the SET command in Mumps
Here is what a statement like this might look like:
I $P(GIH,"^",24)="P" S $P(GIH,"^",24)="C" S UPDATEFLG=1
in this case GIH might look something like:
GIH=256^^^42^^^^Mike^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^P^^^
which would make this evaluate to TRUE:
I $P(GIH,"^",24)="P"
so after:
S $P(GIH,"^",24)="C"
GIH will be:
GIH=256^^^42^^^^Mike^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^C^^^
then it would set the variable UPDATEFLG=1
Hope this helps :-)

Avoiding Language Keyword Conflicts

How do you guys avoid keyword conflicts in your language?
For example, I'm creating a class (VB 2008) to hold all the configuration variables for some reports we generate. Naturally, one of the variables is "Date". And of course you can't have anything named the same as a keyword. In VB 2008 you do have the option of surrounding a conflicting word with []'s and fix it but I've always seen that as a hack. Any suggestions? What are your names to get around common keywords?
Code to help visualize...
Dim m_Title As String
Dim m_Date As String
Public Property Title() As String
Get
Return m_Title
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
m_Title = value
End Set
End Property
Public Property [Date]() As String
Get
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
End Set
End Property
Probably think about more specific nature of the variable?
From your example, the "Date" can be "Created Date" or "Posted Date" or anything else. If you find your variable names too trivial, you may be oversimplifying (or even obfuscating) your code. Help your coworkers by creating a clear but concise variable names.
Don't look at [Date] as a hack; if your property represents a date, it should be called Date. Use the tools you have available to get the job done. Personally I feel that properties that have the names they do only to get around such conflicts are more of a hack, since you will get to deal with it every time you use the property.
misspell your variable names!
On .NET, it is reasonable to consider the Common Language Specification (CLS) as the lowest common denominator that you should cater to. This is documented in ECMA-335 "Common Language
Infrastructure (CLI) Partitions I to VI". Here's what it says specifically about names; a note in CLS Rule #4 (8.5.1 "Valid names"):
CLS (consumer): Need not consume types that violate CLS Rule 4, but shall have a mechanism to allow access to named items that use one of its own keywords as the name.
So no, it's not really a hack, but a definite rule. The reason why it's there is that, as .NET is extensible as far as languages targeting it go, you can never avoid name clashes. If you cover C#, there's VB. If you cover C# and VB, there's C++/CLI. If you cover all those, there's F# and Delphi Prism. And so on. Hence why it is mandated by CLS that languages provide a way to escape their keywords as identifiers; and all languages I've listed provide some way to do so (and thus are compliant CLS consumers).
In general, it is still considered good manners to avoid clashes with either C# or VB non-context keywords, mainly because those two languages are the most popular by a very large margin. For example, it is the reason why it's HashSet and not just Set - the latter is a VB keyword. The full listings are:
C# keywords
VB keywords
Most languages have something to escape any reserved words. C# has # so you can use #class as an argument name (something MVC adopters are learning).
If the domain states that a certain word be used to describe it then that is what the escaping of reserved words is there for. I wouldn't be afraid to escape reserved words to get my model close to the domain even if it means more typing - the clarity is worth it!
To avoid naming conflicts with keywords, I simply don't use keywords.
In your case, Date. Date of what? If I had to maintain your application that would probably be the first thing I'd ask. The great thing about keywords is that they're completely generic, something a variable name should never be.
There is no silver bullet, but modern languages help a lot with better abilities to manage namespaces.
In my case, I curse the fact that C has an 'index' command.
"Date_" or "_Date".
This is one question where Perl dodges the question entirely.
Variables always have one of $%#*&, the only things that can conflict are Globs/Handles, and subroutines.
Even that isn't much of a problem because Globs/Handles aren't used very much any more.
Subroutines and keywords are very much the same in Perl. If you need to get at the built-in subroutine/keyword you can get at it by appending CORE::, for example CORE::dump.
Really I think the only keywords you would have a problem with are sub, my, local, and 'our', because those keywords are parsed very early in parser. Note that you can still create a sub with those names, it just won't work without specifying the full name, or from a blessed reference, or with a symbolic reference.
{
package test;
sub my{ print "'my' called using $_[-1]\n" };
sub new{ bless {}, $_[0] };
sub sub{ print "'sub' called using $_[-1]\n" };
sub symbolic{
*{__PACKAGE__.'::'.$_[1]}{CODE}->('symbolic reference');
}
my $var; # notice this doesn't call test::my()
}
package main;
my $test = test->new;
# Called from a blessed reference
$test->my('blessed reference');
$test->sub('blessed reference');
print "\n";
# Called using the full name
test::my('full name');
test::sub('full name');
print "\n";
# Called using a symbolic reference
$test->symbolic('my');
$test->symbolic('sub');
Output:
'my' called using blessed reference
'sub' called using blessed reference
'my' called using full name
'sub' called using full name
'my' called using symbolic reference
'sub' called using symbolic reference

How should substring() work?

I do not understand why Java's [String.substring() method](http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#substring(int,%20int%29) is specified the way it is. I can't tell it to start at a numbered-position and return a specified number of characters; I have to compute the end position myself. And if I specify an end position beyond the end of the String, instead of just returning the rest of the String for me, Java throws an Exception.
I'm used to languages where substring() (or substr()) takes two parameters: a start position, and a length. Is this objectively better than the way Java does it, and if so, can you prove it? What's the best language specification for substring() that you have seen, and when if ever would it be a good idea for a language to do things differently? Is that IndexOutOfBoundsException that Java throws a good design idea, or not? Does all this just come down to personal preference?
There are times when the second parameter being a length is more convenient, and there are times when the second parameter being the "offset to stop before" is more convenient. Likewise there are times when "if I give you something that's too big, just go to the end of the string" is convenient, and there are times when it indicates a bug and should really throw an exception.
The second parameter being a length is useful if you've got a fixed length of field. For instance:
// C#
String guid = fullString.Substring(offset, 36);
The second parameter being an offset is useful if you're going up to another delimited:
// Java
int nextColon = fullString.indexOf(':', start);
if (start == -1)
{
// Handle error
}
else
{
String value = fullString.substring(start, nextColon);
}
Typically, the one you want to use is the opposite to the one that's provided on your current platform, in my experience :)
I'm used to languages where
substring() (or substr()) takes two
parameters: a start position, and a
length. Is this objectively better
than the way Java does it, and if so,
can you prove it?
No, it's not objectively better. It all depends on the context in which you want to use it. If you want to extract a substring of a specific length, it's bad, but if you want to extract a substring that ends at, say, the first occurrence of "." in the string, it's better than if you first had to compute a length. The question is: which requirement is more common? I'd say the latter. Of course, the best solution would be to have both versions in the API, but if you need the length-based one all the time, using a static utility method isn't that horrible.
As for the exception, yeah, that's definitely good design. You asked for something specific, and when you can't get that specific thing, the API should not try to guess what you might have wanted instead - that way, bugs become apparent more quickly.
Also, Java DOES have an alternative substring() method that returns the substring from a start index until the end of the string.
second parameter should be optional, first parameter should accept negative values..
If you leave off the 2nd parameter it will go to the end of the string for you without you having to compute it.
Having gotten some feedback, I see when the second-parameter-as-index scenario is useful, but so far all of those scenarios seem to be working around other language/API limitations. For example, the API doesn't provide a convenient routine to give me the Strings before and after the first colon in the input String, so instead I get that String's index and call substring(). (And this explains why the second position parameter in substr() overshoots the desired index by 1, IMO.)
It seems to me that with a more comprehensive set of string-processing functions in the language's toolkit, the second-parameter-as-index scenario loses out to second-parameter-as-length. But somebody please post me a counterexample. :)
If you store this away, the problem should stop plaguing your dreams and you'll finally achieve a good night's rest:
public String skipsSubstring(String s, int index, int length) {
return s.subString(index, index+length);
}

How to execute a literal in VBA?

Is there a way to execute a literal such as,
UseValueKey = ExecuteMethod("Date()")
I want to have the variable UseValueKey return the actual date.
I am using VBA.
Any ideas?
I haven't done any VBA coding for several years, but I recall that Access VBA had an Eval() method that could be used to evaluate code represented as a string.
This article gives an example of its usage.
You can try the Eval function.
If, as indicated in the question comments, the function name is known and can be delivered as a method on a class, try looking at
CallByName object, routine, callType
where callType indicates whether the called routine is a property Get/Let/Set or a Method.
It feels a lot less kludgey (and somewhat better controlled) than fooling with code evaluation, where you may be leaving yourself open to, er, unexpected consequences...
Perhaps I'm not exactly following you, but you should be able to use
Date
for example
UseValueKey = date