I am designing a website using the MVC-3 framework. While IE compatibility mode is not being used, it appears correctly and looks like this:
The code for this I am using is this:
<div id="header">
<div id="title"> /* NUMBER 1 */
<img src="#Url.Content("~/Content/A_picture.png")" />
</div>
<div id="menucontainer"> /* NUMBER 2 */
<ul id="menu">
/* some menu items*/
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main"> /* NUMBER 3 */
#RenderBody()
</div>
One day, I had the need to force my code to believe it was running IE7 for other formatting consistency issues.
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE7" />
But now, forcing this breaks my initial website layout. While using the forcing of IE7, it looks like this:
Thank you for staying with me through the explanation. Now my question - how can I manipulate my div sections that are now broken to appear as they did in my first picture, while still forcing the emulation of IE7?
Any thoughts, ideas, and suggestions are much appreciated.
Edit: CSS
Some pieces of CSS I believe could be helpful to solve this problem are as follows. Sorry, I obviously should have included this initially.
header,
footer,
nav,
section {
display: block;
}
header, #header {
position: relative;
margin-bottom: 0px;
padding: 0;
}
nav,
#menucontainer {
margin-top: 40px;
}
div#title {
display: block;
float: left;
text-align: left;
}
maybe you need to use vertical-align, for ie you sholud set smth like this:
#id_top_elements {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: bottom;
}
but if you can show your css it may be heplfull ;)
or try smth like this:
<!--[if lt IE 8]>
<style>
#id_top_elements {
position: relative;
top: -50%
}
</style>
<![endif]–>
but now you need to add some wrapper for top elements, and it must have position: absolute;
instead of using the floats you could also use
display: inline-block; /*which works for most browsers including newer versions of ie, the following two lines are the fix for older versions of ie.*/
*display: inline;
zoom: 1;
Do this on any object/element that needs to 'sit' next to another object/element
Amazingly enough, the solution is simply to add one line to the #menucontainer css like this:
nav,
#menucontainer {
margin-top: 40px;
display: inline;
}
The line added is "display: inline", and I added it to the number 2 div in my diagram.
Thank you for everyone who weighed in on this topic!
Related
The code below works fine in Chrome and FireFox but the glyph (a chevron) does appear for internet explorer.
Removing display:table-cell makes it appear.
I would like to keep the table-cell display in there.
Does anyone know why?
EDIT:
This only breaks on internet explorer 11 (and below) on windows 8 / 7 so maybe it is a bug?
It works on MS Edge and also IE11 on a windows 10 machine.
I've also changed the example below to show why I need table-cell. The link needs to be indented next to the chevron like so:
a {
display: table;
width: 150px;
text-decoration: none;
}
a::before {
padding-right: 20px;
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
font-family: "FontAwesome";
content: '\f054';
}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<div>
i am a test link which goes over multiple lines
</div>
Alternative idea.
As its part of the table display would it be possible to have the icon behave like a table caption instead of a cell?
The icon displays on IE using the following:
div:before {
font-family: "FontAwesome";
content: '\f054';
display: table-caption;
}
first of all wich version of IE are you talking about?
try adding this meta-tag to your head:
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
and if you're using IE8 add this script tag to your head:
<script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
As Tom Hood and RoToRa have kindly pointed there is a bug where pseudo element ignore the css font directives (e.g. font-family) when using table-cell.
To help anyone who this trips up I have posted my work round.
Keep the :before pseudo as display table-cell so it does the nice vertical indent and keeps the height of the real element.
Don't display anything (content: '') in the pseudo element for the child (the ).
Give it enough padding to give room to display something.
Put a pseudo element on the parent (the ).
Display the glyph using absolute positioning.
Phew!
Of course if you can get away with it and want to target latest browsers - flex box would much preferable.
div {
position: relative;
}
div::before {
font-family: "FontAwesome";
content: '\f054';
position: absolute;
top: 5px;
}
a {
display: table;
width: 150px;
text-decoration: none;
}
a::before {
padding-right: 30px;
display: table-cell;
height: 100%;
vertical-align: middle;
content: '';
}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<div>
i am a test link which goes over multiple lines
</div>
I am learning how to code HTML and CSS, and I decided to make my own website in the process.
My question is: how would I align smaller text to a bigger object, for example, links to different pages on my website neatly aligned under my full name with the links flush to the of the beginning and end of my full name?
I know describing it may have been a bit confusing, so here's an image of what I mean:
Any suggestions?
Thanks!
You can approximate the look and design regardless of the header length, but in the end, CSS doesn't offer as precise typographical tools as you'd need and you will have to nudge the percentages one way or another once you know the length of your actual text.
Sample Jsfiddle
HTML:
<div id="container">
<h1>Large Title Here Etc</h1>
<div id="sub">
<span>music</span>
<span>film</span>
<span>web</span>
<span>photo</span>
</div>
</div>
CSS:
body {
text-align: center;
}
#container {
display: inline-block;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
}
#sub {
font-size: 1em;
display: table;
width: 120%;
box-sizing: border-box;
margin: 0 -10%;
}
#sub span {
display: table-cell;
padding: 0 2%;
}
links flush to the beginning and end of my full name
Get out of the habit of thinking this way as you design websites. This will lead to endless headaches and frustrations for you, as it depends on browser rendering (and possibly rendering bugs), the user's font size, the user's font, and loads of other factors you cannot control. Instead of going for 'pixel precision', the idea is simply to make it look as good as you can on most things.
When designing things like this, consider the markup first. What is the structure of what you're actually writing? In your linked image, Full Name looks to me like a header (perhaps h1), while menus like that are normally done as styled unordered lists (ul) these days. Below is an example of how I might make something similar to what is in your image.
Here is the markup:
<div id="container">
<h1>Full Name</h1>
<ul>
<li>music</li>
<li>film</li>
<li>web</li>
<li>photo</li>
</ul>
</div>
and the CSS used, with comments:
#container { border: 1px solid; }
h1 {
margin-bottom: 0;
text-align: center;
}
ul {
margin: 0.5em;
/* remove default padding inserted by browser */
padding-left: 0;
/* no bullets */
list-style-type: none;
/* this works on inline objects, not just text */
text-align: center;
}
li {
/* hybrid of inline and block; obeys text-align */
/* Also note this does not work in IE <9. Workarounds exist. */
display: inline-block;
padding: 3px;
}
And here is the end result: http://jsfiddle.net/3PLgz/1/
I'm trying to find a good why to display my Icons.
I want to use a CSS and not an img tab.
My code:
<span id="Span1" class="iconPrinter"></span>
.iconPrinter{background:url(../images/BWIcons.gif) no-repeat 0 0; padding:0 8px;}
or
.iconPrinter{background:url(../images/BWIcons.gif) no-repeat 0 0; width:16px;}
It works fine on FF but on IE6 I can't see the Icons, only if I insert a span in the span.
When I use a div or display:block; it work fine, but I need it to be inline.
Thanks
The simplest way I found to insert an inline tag like span what will work with IE6 is:
(for 16px icon)
<span id="Span1" class="iconPrinter"> </span>
.iconPrinter{background:url(../images/BWIcons.gif) no-repeat 0 0; padding:0 7px; font-size:16px;}
IE6 probably won't show the inline element with padding if it has no content. Try adding into the span;
<span id="Span1" class="iconPrinter">& nbsp;</span>
(Note that there is an extra space in the as the code coloring mangles it otherwise)
On the other hand, in order to give the span a width, you could also try using
.iconPrinter { display: inline-block; }
In order to get around FF2 issues with inline-block I found a suggestion online which worked for my setup. Now for my setup I have a text which also has padding-left and a background-image set to the left side of the text. I needed the whole span to fire an event when clicked, which just wasn't happening when I used display block in IE6 or IE7.
I came here and it was suggested to use inline-block which fixed my issues, but left me with FF2 compatibility issues. I then found this solution.
display: -moz-inline-box;
display: inline-block;
Having both display calls doesn't seem to have any adverse effects in any of the browsers I tested IE6,7,8, FF2, 3.
What is your purpose with the icons? Do you just want to show the icons, why not use the "img"-tagg. If you should be able to click them wrap them in an "a"-tagg.
ie6 has a bug with vertical-padding on inline elements. You could also use divs and float them.
What is inside of the span? Anything?
Try adding:
#iconPrinter{
background:url(../images/BWIcons.gif) no-repeat 0 0;
padding: 8px;
text-indent: -100000px;
overflow: hidden;
}
And if the span is just there for the icon, add some kind of html special character. This may force IE to acknowledge that something is there, and it's more accessible for those without CSS or with screen readers, something like:
<span id="iconPrinter">⎙</span>
Try to give css height to the span class. Something like
.iconPrinter{
background:url(../images/BWIcons.gif)
no-repeat 0 0;
width:16px;
height: 16px;
}
I realize this is an older post, but I came across this question while searching and thought that this might help others. I was using CSS background images for links and also had trouble with IE6 and IE7.
Here's the HTML:
Edit Admin
Delete Admin
Here's my css for browsers other than IE6 and IE7.
.icon-edit, .icon-delete, .icon-error, .icon-success, .icon-notice, .icon-email
{
height: 16px;
width: 16px;
text-decoration: none;
margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;
padding: 0px;
float: none;
display: -moz-inline-box; /* For FF 2 */
display: inline-block;
text-indent: -9999px;
overflow: hidden;
}
Here's the additional css that I conditionally add only for IE6 and IE7:
.icon-edit, .icon-delete, .icon-error, .icon-success, .icon-notice, .icon-email
{
display: block;
float: left;
}
Use padding and add a zoom: 1 in your css class
<span id="Span1" class="iconPrinter"></span>
.iconPrinter {background:url(../images/BWIcons.gif) no-repeat 0 0; padding:0 7px; height: 15px; zoom: 1 }
I'm building a navigation using the simple <ul><li></li><ul> system and floating them to the left side so they appear inline. The follow code works in all browsers except IE 6.
The HTML
<div id="sandbox_container">
<div id="sandbox_modalbox">
<div>
<ul id="sandbox_modalbox_nav">
<li id="Intro" class="modal_active">Item 1</li>
<li id="Queries">Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- more content here -->
</div>
</div>
The CSS
#sandbox_container {
min-height: 385px;
width: 940px;
padding-bottom: 20px
}
#sandbox_modalbox {
width: 940px;
padding-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: -10px;
}
ul#sandbox_modalbox_nav {
width: 936px;
height: 52px;
margin: 0px 2px 0px 2px;
padding-top: 0px;
display: block;
}
ul#sandbox_modalbox_nav li {
height:52px;
float: left;
list-style: none;
padding: 0px;
display: block;
}
ul#sandbox_modalbox_nav li a {
padding: 12px 30px 0px 30px;
height: 52px;
display: block;
}
I also put it up on JSBin.
I understand the problem is that I must define a width for the <li> for IE to float it properly, however I would prefer these remain variable width. Is there anyway to float them properly without restricting the width?
If I am understanding the problem correctly then in browsers other than IE6 the list items appear next to each other, but in IE6 they appear on top of each other.
If this is the case, it may be because the a elements are not floated even though their containing elements are. I would just use a conditional comment and add the following for IE6 only:
ul#sandbox_modalbox_nav li a { float:left; }
Also, Neall is right on track with the whitespace issue, even if it doesn't fix your current display problem it may cause some unwanted space to appear between items later.
Not that I can think of, I can't imagine how to declare a width that can change, except by defining it in ems. If you have a content that you know is likely to be less than ten characters, then width: 11em; padding: 0.5em 1em; is likely to offer enough space for the content while still defining a width.
IE 6 has some bugs with whitespace between <li> elements. Try putting all your list items on the same line with no space between them.
Edit: On further inspection, I don't think the whitespace is your problem. Your example has a lot of extraneous styles - it's hard to tell what the problem is.
I usually solve this by setting the floated list items to width: 0 for IE6. This for one reason or other causes them to have the correct dynamic width.
You can either do this in a conditional comment:
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
<style type="text/css">ul#sandbox_modalbox_nav li { width: 0; }</style>
<![endif]-->
Or simply take advantage of IE's lack of support for CSS selectors, by setting the width to 0, and then back to the default "auto" for modern browsers:
ul#sandbox_modalbox_nav li { width: 0; }
ul#sandbox_modalbox_nav > li { width: auto; }
Ok, I had a simple layout problem a week or two ago. Namely sections of a page needed a header:
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Title Button |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
Pretty simple stuff. Thing is table hatred seems to have taken over in the Web world, which I was reminded of when I asked Why use definition lists (DL,DD,DT) tags for HTML forms instead of tables? Now the general topic of tables vs divs/CSS has previously been discussed, for example:
DIV vs Table; and
Tables instead of DIVs.
So this isn't intended to be a general discussion about CSS vs tables for layout. This is simply the solution to one problem. I tried various solutions to the above using CSS including:
Float right for the button or a div containing the button;
Position relative for the button; and
Position relative+absolute.
None of these solutions were satisfactory for different reasons. For example the relative positioning resulted in a z-index issue where my dropdown menu appeared under the content.
So I ended up going back to:
<style type="text/css">
.group-header { background-color: yellow; width: 100%; }
.group-header td { padding: 8px; }
.group-title { text-align: left; font-weight: bold; }
.group-buttons { text-align: right; }
</style>
<table class="group-header">
<tr>
<td class="group-title">Title</td>
<td class="group-buttons"><input type="button" name="Button"></td>
</tr>
</table>
And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.
So can anyone do the equivalent without tables?
The requirements are:
Backwards compatible: to FF2 and IE6;
Reasonably consistent: across different browsers;
Vertically centered: the button and title are of different heights; and
Flexible: allow reasonably precise control over positioning (padding and/or margin) and styling.
On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:
Why CSS should not be used for layout; and
Tables vs CSS: CSS Trolls begone
EDIT: Let me elaborate on the float issue. This sort of works:
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; overflow: hidden; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-title { float: left; padding: 8px; }
.group-buttons { float: right; padding: 8px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="group-header">
<div class="group-title">This is my title</div>
<div class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></div>
</div>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.</p>
<p>So can anyone do the equivalent without tables that is backwards compatible to at least FF2 and IE6?</p>
<p>On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Thanks to Ant P for the overflow: hidden part (still don't get why though). Here's where the problem comes in. Say I want the title and button to be vertically centered. This is problematic because the elements are of different height. Compare this to:
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; overflow: hidden; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-header td { vertical-align: middle; }
.group-title { padding: 8px; }
.group-buttons { text-align: right; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table class="group-header">
<tr>
<td class="group-title">This is my title</td>
<td class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.</p>
<p>So can anyone do the equivalent without tables that is backwards compatible to at least FF2 and IE6?</p>
<p>On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
which works perfectly.
There is nothing wrong with using the tools that are available to you to do the job quickly and correctly.
In this case a table worked perfectly.
I personally would have used a table for this.
I think nested tables should be avoided, things can get messy.
Just float left and right and set to clear both and you're done. No need for tables.
Edit: I know that I got a lot of upvotes for this, and I believed I was right. But there are cases where you simply need to have tables. You can try doing everything with CSS and it will work in modern browsers, but if you wish to support older ones... Not to repeat myself, here the related stack overflow thread and rant on my blog.
Edit2: Since older browsers are not that interesting anymore, I'm using Twitter bootstrap for new projects. It's great for most layout needs and does using CSS.
Float title left, float button right, and (here's the part I never knew until recently) - make the container of them both {overflow:hidden}.
That should avoid the z-index problem, anyway. If it doesn't work, and you really need the IE5 support, go ahead and use the table.
This is kind of a trick question: it looks terribly simple until you get to
Say I want the title and button to be vertically centered.
I want to state for the record that yes, vertical centring is difficult in CSS. When people post, and it seems endless on SO, "can you do X in CSS" the answer is almost always "yes" and their whinging seems unjustified. In this case, yes, that one particular thing is hard.
Someone should just edit the entire question down to "is vertical centring problematic in CSS?".
In pure CSS, a working answer will one day be to just use "display:table-cell". Unfortunately that doesn't work across current A-grade browsers, so for all that you might as well use a table if you just want to achieve the same result anyway. At least you'll be sure it works far enough into the past.
Honestly, just use a table if it's easier. It won't hurt.
If the semantics and accessibility of the table element really matter to you, there is a working draft for making your table non-semantic:
http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#presentation
I think this requires a special DTD beyond XHTML 1.1, which would just stir up the whole text/html vs application/xml debate, so let's not go there.
So, on to your unresolved CSS problem...
To vertically align two elements on their center: it can be done a few different ways, with some obtuse CSS hackery.
If you can fit within the following constraints, then there is a relatively simple way:
The height of the two elements is fixed.
The height of the container is fixed.
The elements will be narrow enough not to overlap (or can be set to a fixed width).
Then you can use absolute positioning with negative margins:
.group-header { height: 50px; position: relative; }
.group-title, .group-buttons { position: absolute; top: 50%; }
# Assuming the height of .group-title is a known 34px
.group-title { left: 0; margin-top: -17px; }
# Assuming the height of .group-buttons is a known 38px
.group-buttons { right: 0; margin-top: -19px; }
But this is pointless in most situations... If you already know the height of the elements, then you can just use floats and add enough margin to position them as needed.
Here is another method which uses the text baseline to vertically align the two columns as inline blocks. The drawback here is that you need to set fixed widths for the columns to fill out the width from the left edge. Because we need to keep the elements locked to a text baseline, we can't just use float:right for the second column. (Instead, we have to make the first column wide enough to push it over.)
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; }
.valign { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-title { padding: 8px; width: 384px; }
.group-buttons { padding: 8px; width: 84px; text-align: right; }
</style>
<!--[if lt IE 8]>
<style type="text/css">
.valign { display: inline; margin-top: -2px; padding-top: 1px; }
</style>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="group-header">
<div class="valign">
<div class="group-title">This is my title.</div>
</div><!-- avoid whitespace between these! --><div class="valign">
<div class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly, but mind the hacks.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The HTML: We add .valign wrappers around each column. (Give them a more "semantic" name if it makes you happier.) These need to be kept without whitespace in between or else text spaces will push them apart. (I know it sucks, but that's what you get for being "pure" with the markup and separating it from the presentation layer... Ha!)
The CSS: We use vertical-align:middle to line up the blocks to the text baseline of the group-header element. The different heights of each block will stay vertically centered and push out the height of their container. The widths of the elements need to be calculated to fit the width. Here, they are 400 and 100, minus their horizontal padding.
The IE fixes: Internet Explorer only displays inline-block for natively-inline elements (e.g. span, not div). But, if we give the div hasLayout and then display it inline, it will behave just like inline-block. The margin adjustment is to fix a 1px gap at the top (try adding background colors to the .group-title to see).
I would recommend not using a table in this instance, because that is not tabular data; it's purely presentational to have the button located at the far right. This is what I'd do to duplicate your table structure (change to a different H# to suit where you are in your site's hierarchy):
<style>
.group-header { background: yellow; zoom: 1; padding: 8px; }
.group-header:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; }
/* set width appropriately to allow room for button */
.group-header h3 { float: left; width: 300px; }
/* set line-height or margins to align with h3 baseline or middle */
.group-header input { float: right; }
</style>
<div class="group-header">
<h3>This is my title</h3>
<input type="button" value="Collapse"/>
</div>
If you want true vertical alignment in the middle (ie, if the text wraps the button is still middle-aligned with respect to both lines of text), then you either need to do a table or work something with position: absolute and margins. You can add position: relative to your drop-down menu (or more likely its parent) in order to pull it into the same ordering level as the buttons, allowing you to bump it above them with z-index, if it comes to that.
Note that you don't need width: 100% on the div because it's a block-level element, and zoom: 1 makes the div behave like it has a clearfix in IE (other browsers pick up the actual clearfix). You also don't need all those extraneous classes if you're targeting things a bit more specifically, although you might need a wrapper div or span on the button to make positioning easier.
Do a double float in a div and use the clearfix. http://www.webtoolkit.info/css-clearfix.html Do you have any padding/margin restrictions?
<div class="clearfix">
<div style="float:left">Title</div>
<input type="button" value="Button" style="float:right" />
</div>
<div class="group-header">
<input type="button" name="Button" value="Button" style="float:right" />
<span>Title</span>
</div>
I've chose to use Flexbox, because it made things so much easier.
You basically need to go to the parent of the children you want to align and add display:box (prefixed of course). To make them sit in the sides, use justify-content. Space between is the right thing when you have elements which need to be aligned to the end, like in this case (see link)...
Then the vertical align issue. Because I made the parent of the two elements, you want to align a Flexbox. It's easy now to use align-items: center.
Then I added the styles you wanted before, removed the float from the title and button in the header and added a padding:
.group-header, .group-content {
width: 500px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.group-header{
border: 1px solid red;
background: yellow;
overflow: hidden;
display: -webkit-box;
display: -moz-box;
display: box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -moz-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-justify-content: space-between;
-moz-justify-content: space-between;
-ms-justify-content: space-between;
-o-justify-content: space-between;
justify-content: space-between;
webkit-align-items: center;
-moz-align-items: center;
-ms-align-items: center;
-o-align-items: center;
align-items: center;
padding: 8px 0;
}
.group-content{
border: 1px solid black;
background: #DDD;
}
.group-title {
padding-left: 8px;
}
.group-buttons {
padding-right: 8px
}
See Demo
I agree that one should really only use tables for tabular data, for the simple reason that tables don't show until they're finished loading (no matter how fast that is; it's slower that the CSS method). I do, however, feel that this is the simplest and most elegant solution:
<html>
<head>
<title>stack header</title>
<style type="text/css">
#stackheader {
background-color: #666;
color: #FFF;
width: 410px;
height: 50px;
}
#title {
color: #FFF;
float: left;
padding: 15px 0 0 15px;
}
#button {
color: #FFF;
float: right;
padding: 15px 15px 0 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="stackheader">
<div id="title">Title</div>
<div id="button">Button</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The button function and any extra detail can be styled from this basic form. Apologies for the bad tags.