Lets say I have the following file in called index in the directory D:\Experimental:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" >
<head>
<title>Minimal XHTML 1.1 Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is a minimal XHTML 1.1 document.</p>
</body>
</html>
If I open the link
file:///D:/experimental/index.html
I get to see the html, but it seems that the character encoding defaults to Western (ISO-8859-1), I can see this when I click view -> character encoding in firefox.
I want to display this in UTF-8 because Western (ISO-8859-1) doesn't display some characters correctly. Does anyone know how to fix this?
You should include:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
in your HEAD element.
Edit
I've just tried your example in Firefox on the Mac, and even without the meta tag, it correctly interprets the document as UTF-8. The Standard seems to indicate that it should use the XML processing instruction, but that you should also use the correct HTTP headers. Since you're not sending headers (because you're not using HTTP) you can specify them with the meta tag.
Maybe try adding
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
in <head> section?
When loading files from disk, your browser does not have an HTTP Content-Type header to read the encoding from, so it guesses. To guess the document encoding it uses your operative systems current encoding, the actual bytes that are in the files and information inside the file itself.
As Jonathan wrote, you can add a
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
element that will help the browser using the correct content type. Anyway, note that that element will often be ignored by browsers if your document is sent from a misconfigured HTTP server that explicitly specifies another encoding the Content-Type header.
Related
I have a simple html page which starts like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="public, must-revalidate">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="max-age=88000" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/index.js"></script>
....
However, when I check index.js file in FF web console, I see Cache-Control: "max-age=0". Why is that and how can I fix it? Thanks!
There is no reason to expect a meta tag in an HTML file to affect the HTTP headers sent for a JavaScript file that it refers to (or even the HTTP headers sent for the HTML file itself, for that matter).
The HTTP headers are set by the web server (or, more generally, HTTP server) software in use, possibly as affected by system-wide or directory-wide settings on the server. Long ago, the idea was that certain meta tags might affect the HTTP headers for the HTML document itself, but this was generally not implemented in servers. Instead, browsers may use some meta tags and act as if corresponding HTTP headers had been sent, but a) this only applies to the HTML document itself, if at all and b) it cannot be seen by tools that inspect the HTTP headers actually sent.
I have used the following code in my head tag.
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Admin Panel</title>
</head>
I have characters of other language which is supported by UTF-8 encoding in my web page. But when i save my html file it showed me error The document's current encoding can not correctly save all of the characters within the document. You may want to change to UTF-8 or an encoding that supports the special characters in this document.
I have already using UTF-8. How to fix this?
You are not using UTF-8. You have just included some markup which tells the browser you are using UTF-8.
That error message sounds like it is coming from your editor. You need to configure your editor to save in UTF-8.
In my html document, I have my html as:
<html>
<head><title>title</title></head>
<body> <div>विजय कदम</div> </body>
</html>
I am getting output as:
विजय कदम
Any idea? what do I need to specify?
Save your file in UTF-8 encoding
Add meta tag to the html to support UTF-8
Make sure your server supports UTF-8 encoding, an example for Apache.
How to change the page encoding to UTF-8:
Add the following tag to the HTML:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
Or the HTML5 equivalent:
<meta charset="utf-8" />
for more information about characters encoding check this out.
You need an editor that saves in Unicode UTF-8.
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
you can also use a converter to display hindi. link: http://vikku.info/indian-language-unicode-converter/hindi-unicode-converter.html what you do is, you paste html text. Hope this helps!
I just validated an HTML document using the W3C validator, and found that if I use:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
with:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
It throws a warning Line 4, Column 72: Using windows-1252 instead of the declared encoding iso-8859-1.
However, it is fixed if I use:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
I don't really understand what is happening. Also, I don't even know how to use the DOCTYPE tag, I just copied and pasted one from around the web.
Why does this happen?
How should I use the DOCTYPE tag?
Changing the DOCTYPE is simply turning off the warning - it isn't actually fixing anything.
iso-8859-1 and windows-1252 are very similar encodings. They differ only in the characters associated with the 32 byte values from 0x80 to 0x9F, which in iso-8859-1 are mapped to control characters and in windows-1252 are mapped to some useful characters such as the Euro symbol.
The control characters are useless in HTML, and web authors often mistakenly declare iso-8859-1 and yet use one or more of those 32 values as if they were using windows-1252, so browsers when they see the iso-8859-1 charset being declared will automatically change this to be windows-1252.
The validator is simply warning you that this will happen. If you're not using any of the 32 byte values, then you can simply ignore the warning - it's not an error. If you are, and you genuinely want the iso-8859-1 interpretation of the byte values and not the windows-1252 interpretation, you are doing something wrong.
Again, this switching happens in browsers for any DOCTYPE, it's just that the HTML5 validator is being more helpful about what it is telling you than the HTML4 validator is.
A couple of points:
Any HTML5 validation should be taken with a grain of salt. The specification is still under active development, and not everything is set in stone.
You're using the HTML4 syntax for that meta tag. Try <meta charset="iso-8859-1">
That said, HTML validators don't serve that much purpose in this day and age.
But apparently the default for HTML4 was iso=8869-1. That said, the default charset for HTML5 is UTF-8.
More information about the HTML5 doctype can be found in this post by John Resig.
It throws a warning Line 4, Column 72: Using windows-1252 instead of the declared encoding iso-8859-1.
It means the file was saved with the encoding Windows-1252 on creation (AKA Western Windows 1252 or CP1252) and your charset declaration says "hey read this file with ISO 8859-1" when that's not the encoding the file has.
The meta charset exist for that reason. It exist to declare the encoding of the file you are sending/reading/using so when, for example a browser, reads the document it knows what encoding the file is using.
In detail, you have this charset declared:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
But the file you are validating is actually encoded in Windows-1252. How? Why? Check the text editor you are using and what encoding it is using to save files. If the editor can be configured to change the encoding, choose the one you want to use.
About HTML5
Using
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
or
<meta charset="iso-8859-1">
are both valid for HTML5. See <meta charset="utf-8"> vs <meta http-equiv="Content-Type">
The W3C validator offers options for which encoding the validator uses. You have specified encoding in your document, so you should see "Encoding: iso-8859-1" in the top block of information once the validator has been run.
To the right of that, there is a pull-down menu. Change the choice from "(detect automatically)" to "iso-8859-1 (Western European)". The validator will then use ISO 8859-1 instead of its own choice, and you will not receive the error.
Do the following:
ISO 8859-15. Yeah, -15, and it will work.
Don't place too much stock in the validators. There are typically too many Internet Explorer workarounds, particularly in the CSS content, that will trip up the validator. If your pages work in all browsers and your client is happy, it doesn't matter what some validator says.
If you are specifying the HTML5 doctype, then you should be consistent with the meta charset attribute. Try this though for your pages:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
I'm trying to write a website in Slovak language (central Europe). What I have done is put these two meta tags into the header:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-2" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="sk" />
The problem is all characters with diacritique are substituted with garbage characters (so the encoding I not working obviously). What to do?
Here is the whole beginning of the page:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="sk" lang="sk">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-2" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="sk" />
When you save the file you have to make sure that it's created with the same encoding that you have specified in the meta tag.
I recommend that you use utf-8 instead of iso-8859-2. The unicode character set supports all characters in practically every language that exists (and even some that don't...).
There are two issues at work here.
Language
Character encoding
Language
The Content-Language HTTP header describes the natural language of the intended audience. This may not be the same as the language the document is actually written in. Use the lang attribute to describe that.
Character encoding
This allows you to represent the letters that you wish to use. You need to make sure that your text really does use the selected encoding and that the browser is informed that that is the encoding you are using.
Select a character encoding (UTF-8 is generally the best choice, it covers just about every character you could possibly want to use and saves you having to switch encodings for different languages), see http://www.w3.org/International/tutorials/tutorial-char-enc/
Ensure your editor saves using that encoding
Ensure your server specifies that it is using that encoding
Ensure that nothing mangles the encoding between the editor and server (such as by being inserted into a database that is configured to use a different encoding)
HTTP headers
NB: Your question mentions <meta http-equiv>. Real HTTP headers are the better place to specify this information, and they will override whatever your document claims. Make sure your server is configured correctly.
XHTML
XHTML complicates matters…
Use xml:lang in addition to lang
Don't use anything except UTF-8. If you do, then you must specify this in the XML declaration (and adding an XML declaration will trigger Quirks mode in some browsers).