is there any efficient way to scan the id & class name in css file? there are many css file in my web app and now i have to add some more css file. I often get stuck to define the ID & Class name which is already defined in another css file and it causes problem during testing.
I am really tired of keep changing the id & class name. can some one give me any tips to sort it out.
#Edit : suppose there are two css files in a web app old_1.css & old_2.css
old_1.css #id_1 {width:100%;height:100%; .... }
#id_2 { width:50%; height:50%; .... }
old_2.css #id_3 {width:70%;height:70%; .... }
#id_4 { width:30%; height:30%; .... }
Now i am creating a new css file new_1.css and by mistake i wrote the simmilar id of old css file. this is where i get stuck and i want to avoid to rewrite the same ID.
new_1.css #id_1 {width:80%;height:80%; .... } // this id is already declared in old css file
Rather than ensuring each CSS class name is unique, ensure that the CSS styles cannot clash by including parent elements in your CSS. This is better for structure:
HTML:
<div class="section1">
<div class="inner_div">
</div>
</div>
<div class="section2">
<div class="inner_div">
</div>
</div>
CSS:
.section1 {
}
.section1 .inner_div {
color:red;
}
.section2 {
}
.section2 .inner_div {
color:blue;
}
This will ensure that only div's with inner_div class will be given the style color:red where they are contained in a div with the class section1. Likewise, only div's with inner_div will be styled color:blue where they are contained in a div with the class section2.
Using this format should prevent you from ever having duplicate class names as you can define as far as you like, for example if I was applying a style to a span tag displaying the date for a news article I'd use:
.main_container .news .article .details span.date {}
This is a lot easier to read, and a lot less likely to be duplicated than:
.news_article_date {}
Otherwise, like #Ant has stated, use a good HTML editor software and do a Find on the classes and IDs used.
If refactoring the old CSS files are beyond the current scope of your work, you can simply override the old styles by making your selectors more specific. A good tutorial on CSS specificity is given here
Related
I'm using the following HTML code:
<div class="p-col-fixed" style="width:150px">First line:</div>
For column alignment, I have to use width:150px in many places on the same HTML page.
How can I use a #define? In CSS?
I think you are comparing the scripting language with one of the programming languages that use the #define directive.
In CSS, we have class selector for that (in case you need to use that property on multiple places in the HTML.Class selectors are defined by placing a (.) dot before the name of the class selector and are used by specifing them as a value to the class attribute.
E.g.
CSS
.cust-width
{
width:150px;
}
HTML
<div class="p-col-fixed cust-width">First line:</div>
Another feature is the "id" which is used to further refine the selection and add additional properties to the selected class.IDs are generally used in cases when the change is required in fewer classes/tags.IDs are defined using (#) before the name of ID selector in CSS
E.g.
CSS
#cust-width
{
width:150px;
}
HTML
<div class="p-col-fixed" id="cust-width">First line:</div>
For your use-case, classes are ideal.Provided that change is required in multiple parts of the HTML.
Html:
<div class="p-col-fixed define">First line:</div>
css:
.define
{
width:150px;
}
Why go in all that trouble? Simple solution is to create a CSS class and use it anywhere you need in your html file.
CSS
.width-150 {
width: 150px;
}
HTML
<div class="p-col-fixed width-150">First line: </div>
You can create a class in css and then add it in the div.
css file:
.width150 {
width:150px;
}
Then, in your html file add the class
<div class="p-col-fixed width150 " >First line:</div>
Use class if you want to add style to multiple elements.
Use id if you want to style only one element.
The best approach would be to add a class to the element first
Example : custom-width
HTML:
<div class="p-col-fixed custom-width">First line:</div>
CSS :
.custom-width
{
width:150px;
}
I'm using bootstrap for a navbar that I like and I use the style.css from bootstrap, but I also want to implement some elements from another framework that has its own style.css. The problem is that the elements appears distorted because the second style rewrites the first.
Is there a way to specify the influence of a style.css?
For example, style_1.css to have influence over:
<header>...</header>
and style_2.css to have influence over:
<main>...</main>
It is not possible to do it directly using those CSS files that are distributed, but you can create namespaces for each CSS framework library (or CSS file) and use that wherever you want to use that framework features.
See How to namespace Twitter Bootstrap so styles don't conflict and Is there any ready to use Bootstrap css file with prefix for more details on how to namespace your style-sheets.
If you're using less, then you can create a namespace by adding a pregfix to bootstrap like this:
.bootstrap-styles {
#import 'bootstrap';
}
/* OR */
.bootstrap-styles {
#import (less) url("bootstrap.css");
}
You can use http://www.css-prefix.com/ to prefix any CSS file and then use it like this:
<header class="bootstrap-ns-prefix> (some bootstrap code inside) </header>
<main class="style2-ns-prefix"> (some other framework/css styles that don't get affected by bootstrap) </main>
EDIT
It does not work automatically, you have to namespace each of your CSS and then use those CSS files instead of the initials. The generator www.css-prefix.com works for me, but it adds some extra classes/namespaces at the beginning/end and before/after each comment; you should check that and correct/delete any errors before you proceed. As I mentioned above, you can use LESS or SASS frameworks to generate those namespaces.
Here is an example of using both Bootstrap and jQuery UI together:
<head>
...
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap_ns.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/jqueryui_ns.css">
...
</head>
<body>
<button class="btn btn-primary">Test Button</button>
<div class="bootstrap-ns">
<button class="btn btn-primary">Bootstrap Button</button>
</div>
<div class="jqui-ns">
<button id="jqbtn" class="btn btn-primary">jQuery UI Button</button>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(function($) {
$('#jqbtn').button();
});
</script>
</body>
And the result is this one:
As you can see, all three buttons have the bootstrap button classes btn btn-primary but only the button inside bootstrap-ns container uses the bootstrap styles.
Here you can see a demo page: http://zikro.gr/dbg/html/bootstrap-ns/
Here you can check bootstrap.css and jquery.ui.css generated by www.css-prefix.com and manual cleaned.
I had the same problem and I resolved it like this:
copy the CSS rules you want to use in a specific region.
convert them to SCSS by pasting them in this link: css2scss and then
Click on the arrow (choose SCSS).
copy the SCSS rules result you got, and paste them in this link: scss2css.
wrap the entire SCSS rules with this rule: .wrapper {}
like this:
.wrapper {
a {
color: #007bff;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: transparent;
}
/*all other rules*/
}
click on the 'compile' button and wait until you will get all your CSS.
the above SCSS will result like this:
.wrapper a {
color: #007bff;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: transparent;
}
and so All your other CSS rules will be prefixed with the .wrapper class.
Click download button to download your CSS, and then link it to your HTML
page.
to use this CSS only in certain regions warp that region with a div
and give this div a class "wrapper".
<div class = "wrapper">
<a class = "a_Class_From_The_Downloaded_CSS_File"/>
<!-- put here all other HTML tags you want
and add all the class etc. you want from the
CSS file you created.
it will not collide with other CSS class from other
CSS files because of the div.wrapper tag
-->
</div>
Generally not. However you could use the > selector everywhere:
#divtoApplyTo > a {
color: green;
}
So that just all links in that specific div get changed.
This is not possible. Stylesheets are applied to the whole document and not to subsections of it. Whether an element is affected by the rules is then subject to the used selectors. Following of that, when you want a rule to only apply to elements within <header>, they must begin with header > or header (space).
However, from your comments it follows that rewriting all rules is not an option since it's too many. A solution might be to use a preprocessor like SASS.
Example:
Input (SASS)
header > {
div {
color: red;
}
button {
border: 1px solid hotpink;
}
}
Output (CSS)
header > div {
color: red;
}
header > button {
border: 1px solid hotpink;
}
The idea would be to wrap all rules that should only be valid for <header> into an appropriate block and let SASS rewrite the rules for you.
However, this leads to blowing up the overall file size. Also, one should not forget that frameworks also include global rules. Since something like header > html or header > body is bogus, this solution might still require doing manual changes.
Haven't tried it, but found this: The final fix was to use SASS (recommended by someone off-site), as that allows you to nest elements and then automatically produce the final CSS. Step by step the process is: Applying CSS styles only to certain elements
Concatenate the two Bootstrap files (bootstrap.css and
bootstrap-responsive.css) into bootstrap-all.css.
Create a new SASS file, bootstrap-all.scss, with the content div.bootstrap {.
Append bootstrap-all.css to bootstrap-all.scss.
Close the div.bootstrap selector by appending } to bootstrap-all.scss.
Run SASS on bootstrap-all.scss to produce a final CSS file.
Run YUI Compressor on the final file to produce a minimised version.
Add minimised version to head element and wrap everything I want the
styles to apply to in <div class="bootstrap"></div>.
Here is my setup:
File Relationships
home.php <---styles---- _layout.scss
|
imports
|
v
animation.html <---styles---- _animation.scss
home.php - the file used to outline the "layout" HTML for the homepage:
<div id="animation">
<div class="site-container">
<div class="animation-container">
<?php include 'animation.html'; ?>
</div>
</div>
</div>
_layout.scss - the files used to style the non-imported contents of home.php:
#animation {
//styles <div id="animation">
}
.site-container {margin: 0 auto; max-width: 980px;}
.animation-container {
//styles <div class="animation-container">
}
animation.html - contains the html for the "module" called "animation" imported above
<div class="animation-wrap">
<div class="example-selector"></div>
//more html for animation module
</div>
_animation.scss - styles the html in animation.html
Question:
How should I be encapsulating the selectors in _animation.scss?
Possibilities
1.) I could nest all selectors in _animation.scss like so:
.animation-wrap {
.example-selector {
}
//all other selectors are nested here using SASS, thus they will not affect
//elements outside of the animation-wrap
}
2.) I could namespace almost all selectors in _animation.scss by adding the prefix "animation-" (and in the corresponding html)
.animation-wrap {}
.animation-example-selector {}
3.) Could use child selectors to reduce cascading, but I doubt that's best and it has poor IE support
4.) Subclassing? But, I think that is more relevant to moving the module elsewhere, not encapsulating it to make sure it doesnt leak into other module/layout code
Sorry for the long-winded question, it was awkward to put into words. Any additional advise or knowledge of best practice is greatly appreciated
Sorry for the poor question. This is a better worded question for a similar problem.
I decided to use SASS 3.3's brand new '&' flexibility to namespace the selectors in _animation.scss like so
.module-animation {
&-animation-wrap {
}
}
This keeps the html clean, encapsulates the module, and doesn't clutter the css with long prefixes.
In HTML are the attributes like
<input class="new" type="text" name="title" id="title2" />
and in CSS do I see
.something { ... }
#something { ... }
What is id= name= .something #something used for?
ID: unique identifier for the DOM element
Name: name to be used when submitting a form which is used as the data retrieval key
#something: reference to element with ID 'something'
.something: reference to element(s) with classname 'something'
These are some really basic concepts of HTML and CSS. You will probably want to read a basic HTML tutorial to find out more on the subject, especially the attributes section.
Id's and classnames are primary used for styling elements with CSS and adding behaviour to them with JavaScript. For example:
HTML:
<button id="foo">Click me to unleash the Unicorn</button>
CSS:
#foo {
border: 1px solid #ff0000;
font-weight: bold;
background: #000;
color: #fff;
}
JavaScript:
document.getElementById('foo').onclick = function() {
var img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = 'http://display.ubercomments.com/6/23672.jpg';
document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].appendChild(img);
};
See also, this beautiful example (Unicorn included).
An id attribute is a unique identifier for the element within the DOM. It's unique in the sense that you cannot have more than one element with this ID contained within the document.
Styling an element based on ID is done using #something.
A name attribute is simply a non-unique name for this element. This is most commonly used in forms as the name that gets POST'd or GET'd through to the server side language.
.something is the style selector for the class= attribute on any element.
For instance, you could style the following element: <div class="testclass" name="testname" id="testid"></div> in any of the following 3 ways:
.testclass {
background-color: black;
}
#testid {
background-color: black;
}
div[name="testname"] {
background-color: black;
}
Remember, both a class and a name are NOT unique, so they can be used to style and define multiple elements.
The .something is a class, and the #something is an id.
the Name= attribute is commonly used in forms, and usually not used in CSS.
In other words, the following code:
<body class="thisisaclass">
<div id='thisisanid'></div>
<div class='thisisanotherclass'></div>
</body>
Would result in a CSS that looks like this:
.thisisaclass {..Code..}
.thisisaclass #thisisanid {..Code..}
.thisisanotherclass {...code...}
Classes are used for repeating stuff, for example if you want to use the same type of text formatting in several areas of your page - whereas ids only should appear once in the html code.
Check out HTMLDog to learn more, it's a great start :)
id="something" means ID. You can have it only once. It's CSS reference is #something. Also, by using #something at end of address, you can directly move browsers to that ID, without using JS.
name= is used while sending form. Using PHP, you can check that value by using $_REQUEST['title']. In other programming languages, there also are methods to get that value.
.something is class in CSS. It's used to style HTML elements with class="something"
class is multiple selector for example if you want many tables have same colors, back ground colors and font etc. You will define class.
In these tables if a specific table is to style in different way you will use id. Id can not be duplicated. And you can assign a same class to as many objects you want.
<style type="text/css">
.MyTable{
background-color:#ff00ff;
}
#centralTable{
background:color:red;
}
</style>
<div class="MyTable">Data </div>
<div class="MyTable"> </div>
<div class="MyTable" id ="centralTable"> Data</div>
<div class="MyTable"> Data</div>
<div class="MyTable">Data </div>
Remember classes are followed by period (.) and Ids (#) in Cascading Style Sheets.
I'm making a web page where I want the color of the font to be red in a paragraph but I'm not sure how to do this.
I was using FrontPage for building web pages before so this HTML stuff is really new to me. What is the best way to do this?
<p style="color:red">Foo</p>
Or preferrably:
<p class="error">Foo</p>
Where "error" is defined in your stylesheet:
.error {
color: red;
}
The preferred way to do this is using Cascading Style Sheet (CSS). This allows you to edit the visual aspects of the site without having to deal much with the HTML code itself.
Explanation :
<[tag] style="[css]"> Content </[tag]>
Where [tag] can be anything. For example "p" (paragraph), "span", "div", "ul", "li".. etc.
and where [css] is any valid CSS. For example "color:red; font-size:15px; font-weight:bold"
The recommended way to add style to a html element is by assigning it a "class" (a identifier that can be repeated on the document) or a "id" a unique identifier that shall not be repeated in the document.
For example:
<[tag] id="element1" class="red"> Content </[tag]>
<[tag] id="element2" class="red"> Content </[tag]>
Where tag is any html valid tag. id is a unique arbitrary name and class is an arbitrary name that can be repeated.
Then in the CSS (inside the tags of your document):
<style type="text/css">
.red {
color:red;
}
#element1 {
background-color:black;
}
</style>
For this example and to keep it simple to new users I named the class "red". However class="red" isn't the best example of how to name . Better to name CSS classes after their semantic meaning, rather than the style(s) they implement. So class="error" or class="hilight" might be more appropriate. ( Thanks to Grant Wagner for pointing that out )
Brief CSS Explanation :
Since most of the answers you're getting are all mentioning CSS, I'll add a small guide on how it works:
Where to put CSS
First of all, you need to know that CSS should be added inside the tags of your document. The tags used to define where the CSS is going to be are:
<style type="text/css"> <!-- Your CSS here --> </style>
This is called embedded CSS since it's inside the document. However, a better practice is to link "include it" directly from an external document by using the following tags:
<link href="file.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
Where file.css is the external file you want to include into the document.
The benefits of using the "link" tag is that you don't have to edit in-line CSS. So lets say if you have 10 HTML documents and you want to change the color of a font you just need to do it on the external CSS file.
This two ways of including CSS are the most recommended ways. However, there's one more way that's by doing in-line CSS adjustments, for example:
<[tag] style="<!-- CSS HERE -->"> Content </[tag]>
CSS General Structure
When you code write CSS, the first thing you need to know is what are classes and what are id's. Since I already mentioned what they do above I'm going to explain how to use them.
When you write CSS you first need to tell which elements you're going to "select", for example:
Lets say we have a "div" element with the class "basic" and we want it to have a black background color, a white font, and a gray border.
To do this we first need to "select" the element:
.[identifier] { }
Since we're using a class we use a "." in front of the identifier which in this case is: "basic", so it will look like this:
.basic { }
This is not the only way, because we're telling that ANY element that has the class "basic" will be selected, so lets say we JUST want the "div" elements. To do this we use:
[html-tag].[identifier] { }
So for our example it will look like this:
div.basic { }
Now we've selected the "div" with the class "body". Now we need to apply the visual style we wish. We do this inside the brackets :
div.basic {
background-color:black;
color:white;
border:1px solid gray;
}
With this, we just applied successfully a visual style to all "div" elements that have the "basic" class attached.
Remember this doesn't just apply for "class" it also applies for "id" but with a slight change, here an example of the final code but instead of a class we'll just say it's a "id"
#unique-basic {
background-color:black;
color:white;
border:1px solid gray;
}
For a complete guide to CSS you can visit this link:
http://www.w3schools.com/css/
Remember:
Keep your HTML Code clean and use CSS to modify ANY visual style that's needed. CSS is really powerful and it'll save you a lot of time.
<style type="text/css">
.myCSS
{
color:red
}
</style>
<div class="myCSS">text</div>
<span class="myCSS">text</span>
<p class="myCSS">text</p>
<!-- table elements..... -->
<td class="myCSS">text</td>
<tr class="myCSS">text</tr>
<p style="color:red">Your Text here</p>
But as others have by now said in more and better words: Even better than the above would be to use classes or IDs and assign the CSS-attributes to that instead of using the inline style.