the input is C:\test\deva\tcl\newfiles\aug.txt
the output should be "test" "deva" "tcl" "newfiles"
"aug.txt" files or anyother ".txt" files at the end of the string should not be printed.
Reverting back to my original solution and adding some bits...
Assuming this is a filepath not a random string that happens to need to be split \
File split does almost what you want, it returns the path split up as a list . you also want to use lrange to select everything but the volume i.e something like (untested)
lrange [file split $path] 1 end-1
so you don't have c:\ which should be the first element in the list returned by file split
Additionally you may want to use file dirname first if there is any chance you will get directory path instead of a filename e.g. same caveats re testing
lrange [file split [file dirname $name]] 1 end
[split] combined with [lrange] can do what you want but in a non-portable way.
One way to make this more portable would be to use the result of calling [file separator] for splitting instead of bare "\". But since "/" are also okay both in Tcl and Windows the real way to go portably would be to repeatedly call [file dirname] on the string and extract the last component of the returned pathname using [file tail].
For more info read this, this and this.
Related
I have a directory that contains another directory named ABC_<version number>
I'd like to set my path to whatever ABC_<version number> happens to be (in a modulefile)
How do I use glob in TCL to get the name of the directory I want and put it into a TCL variable?
Thanks!
The glob command expands wildcards, but produces a Tcl list of everything that matches, so you need to be a bit careful. What's more, the order of the list is “random” — it depends on the raw order of entries in the OS's directory structure, which isn't easily predicted in general — so you really need to decide what you want. Also, if you only want a single item of the list, you must use lindex (or lassign in a degenerate operation mode) to pick it out: otherwise your code will blow up when it encounters a user who puts special characters (space, or one of a small list of other ones) in a pathname. It pays to be safe from the beginning.
For example, if you want to only match a single element and error out otherwise, you should do this:
set thePaths [glob -directory $theDir -type d ABC_*]
if {[llength $thePaths] != 1} {
error "ambiguous match for ABC_* in $theDir"
}
set theDir [lindex $thePaths 0]
If instead you want to sort by the version number and pick the (presumably) newes, you can use lsort -dictionary. That's pretty magical internally (seriously; read the docs if you want to see what it really does), but does the right thing with all sane version number schemes.
set thePaths [glob -directory $theDir -type d ABC_*]
set theSortedPaths [lsort -dictionary -decreasing $thePaths]
set theDir [lindex $theSortedPaths 0]
You could theoretically make a custom sort by the actual date on the directories, but that's more complex and can sometimes surprise when you're doing system maintenance.
Notice the use of -type d in glob. That's a type filter, which is great in this case where you're explicitly only wanting to get directory names back. The other main useful option there (in general) is -type f to get only real files.
Turns out the answer was:
set abc_path [glob -directory $env(RELDIR) ABC_*]
No need for quotes around the path. The -directory controls where you look.
Later in the modulefile
append-path PATH $abc_path
So I am trying to move a bunch of files with similar extensions from /home/ to /root/
Code I tried is
file copy /home/*.abc.xyz /root/
Also tried
set infile [glob -nocomplain /home/*.abc.xyz ]
if { [llength $infile] > 0 } {
file copy $infile /root/
}
No success.
Your two attempts fail for different reasons:
There is no wildcard expansion in arguments to file copy, or any Tcl command, for that matter: file copy /home/*.abc.xyz /root/. This will look for a single source with a literal * in its filename.
glob -nocomplain /home/*.abc.xyz is ok to collect the sources, but glob returns a list of sources. file copy requires each source to passed as a separate argument, not a single one. To expand a single collection value of source files into a multiple separate arguments, use the Tcl expansion operator {*}
Therefore:
set infiles [glob -nocomplain *.tcl]
if {[llength $infiles]} {
file copy {*}$infiles /tmp/tgt/
}
For a 1-line answer:
file copy {*}[glob /home/*.abc.xyz] /root/.
The file copy (and file rename) commands have two forms (hence the reference to the manual page in the comment). The first form copies a single file to a new target. The second form copies all the file name arguments to a new directory and this form of the command insists that the directory name be the last argument and you may have an arbitrary number of source file names preceding. Also, file copy does not do glob expansion on its arguments, so as you rightly surmised, you also need to use the glob command to obtain a list of the files to copy. The problem is that the glob command returns a list of file names and you passed that list as a single argument, i.e.
file copy $infile /root/
passes the list as a single argument and so the file copy command thinks it is dealing with the first form and attempts to find a file whose name matches that of the entire list. This file probably doesn't exist. Placing the error message in your question would have helped us to know for sure.
So what you want to do is take the list of files contained in the infile variable and expand it into separate argument words. Since this is a common situation, Tcl has some syntax to help (assuming you are not using some ancient version of Tcl). Try using the command:
file copy {*}$infile /root/
in place of your first attempt and see if that helps the situation.
I am trying to use a formatted string to identify the file location when using 'print -dpdf file_name' to write a plot (or figure) to a file.
I've tried:
k=1;
file_name = sprintf("\'/home/user/directory to use/file%3.3i.pdf\'",k);
print -dpdf file_name;
but that only gets me a figure written to ~/file_name.pdf which is not what I want. I've tried several other approaches but I cannot find an approach that causes the the third term (file_name, in this example) to be evaluated. I have not found any other printing function that will allow me to perform a formatted write (the '-dpdf' option) of a plot (or figure) to a file.
I need the single quotes because the path name to the location where I want to write the file contains spaces. (I'm working on a Linux box running Fedora 24 updated daily.)
If I compute the file name using the line above, then cut and paste it into the print statement, everything works exactly as I wish it to. I've tried using
k=1;
file_name = sprintf("\'/home/user/directory to use/file%3.3i.pdf\'",k);
print ("-dpdf", '/home/user/directory to use/file001.pdf');
But simply switching to a different form of print statement doesn't solve the problem,although now I get an error message:
GPL Ghostscript 9.16: **** Could not open the file '/home/user/directory to use/file001.pdf' .
**** Unable to open the initial device, quitting.
warning: broken pipe
if you use foo a b this is the same as foo ("a", "b"). In your case you called print ("-dpdf", "file_name")
k = 1;
file_name = sprintf ("/home/user/directory to use/file%3.3i.pdf", k);
print ("-dpdf", file_name);
Observe:
>> k=1;
>> file_name = sprintf ('/home/tasos/Desktop/a folder with spaces in it/this is file number %3.3i.pdf', k)
file_name = /home/tasos/Desktop/a folder with spaces in it/this is file number 001.pdf
>> plot (1 : 10);
>> print (gcf, file_name, '-dpdf')
Tadaaa!
So yeah, no single quotes needed. The reason single quotes work when you're "typing it by hand" is because you're literally creating the string on the spot with the single quotes.
Having said that, it's generally a good idea when generating absolute paths to use the fullfile command instead. Have a look at it.
Tasos Papastylianou #TasosPapastylianou provided great help. My problem is now solved.
From Tcl online manual I see that Tcl's file copy command can take multiple source files as argument:
file copy ?-force? ?--? source ?source ...? targetDir
However, I have the following code:
set flist [list a.txt b.txt]
file copy $flist [file join D:\\ test dest]
And get this error message:
error copying "a.txt b.txt": no such file or directory
How do I properly pass a file list as source argument to the file copy command?
The right way to do this is to use expansion:
file copy {*}$flist {D:\test\dest}
The {*} substitutes the words of the list given by what follows it as separate words; it's precisely right here.
I've also written the destination directory as a brace-quoted literal.
Still on Tcl 8.4 or before? Upgrade! Or use this:
eval file copy $flist [list {D:\test\dest}]
It's quite a lot harder to use eval right than {*}, so really upgrade.
Or even do:
foreach f $flist {
file copy $f {D:\test\dest}
}
Given that IO operations will dominate the performance, you shouldn't notice any speed difference for doing it this way.
The problem is the list is passed as a whole to the command instead of individual elements. Use {*} operator to break the list down to its individual elements.
The short answer is don't use a list the way you have done.
This works in your example:
set flist "a.txt b.txt"
file copy $flist [file join D:\\ test dest]
More correct would be to use the list expansion {*} syntax.
Please help me with the script which outputs the file that contains names of the files in subdirectories and its memory in bytes, the arguement to the program is the folder path .output file should be file name in 1st column and its memory in second column
Note:folder contains subfolders...inside subfolders there are files
.I tried this way
set fp [open files_memory.txt w]
set file_names [glob ../design_data/*/*]
foreach file $file_names {
puts $fp "$file [lindex [exec du -sh $file] 0]"
}
close $fp
Result sample:
../design_data/def/ip2.def.gz 170M
../design_data/lef/tsmc13_10_5d.lef 7.1M
But i want only file name to be printed that is ip2.def.gz , tsmc13_10_5d.lef ..etc(not the entirepath) and file memorry should be aligned
TCL
The fileutil package in Tcllib defines the command fileutil::find, which can recursively list the contents of a directory. You can then use foreach to iterate over the list and get the sizes of each of them with file size, before producing the output with puts, perhaps like this:
puts "$filename\t$size"
The $filename is the name of the file, and the $size is how large it is. You will have obtained these values earlier (i.e., in the line or two before!). The \t in the middle is turned into a TAB character. Replace with spaces or a comma or virtually anything else you like; your call.
To get just the last part of the filename, I'd do:
puts $fp "[file tail $file] [file size $file]"
This does stuff with the full information about the file size, not the abbreviated form, so if you really want 4k instead of 4096, keep using that (slow) incantation with exec du. (If the consumer is a program, or a programmer, writing out the size in full is probably better.)
In addition to Donal's suggestion, there are more tools for getting files recursively:
recursive_glob (from the Tclx package) and
for_recursive_glob (also from Tclx)
fileutil::findByPattern (from the fileutil package)
Here is an example of how to use for_recursive_glob:
package require Tclx
for_recursive_glob filename {../design_data} {*} {
puts $filename
}
This suggestion, in combination with Donal's should be enough for you to create a complete solution. Good luck.
Discussion
The for_recursive_glob command takes 4 arguments:
The name of the variable representing the complete path name
A list of directory to search for (e.g. {/dir1 /dir2 /dir3})
A list of patterns to search for (e.g. {*.txt *.c *.cpp})
Finally, the body of the for loop, where you want to do something with the filename.
Based on my experience, for_recursive_glob cannot handle directories that you don't have permission to (i.e. on Mac, Linux, and BSD platforms, I don't know about Windows). In which case, the script will crash unless you catch the exception.
The recursive_glob command is similar, but it returns a list of filenames instead of structuring in a for loop.