I'm currently trying to build a new website, nothing special, nice and small, but I'm stuck at the very beginning.
My problems are clean URLs and page navigation. I want to do it "the right way".
What I would like to have:
I use CodeIgniter to get clean URLs like
"www.example.com/hello/world"
jQuery helps me using ajax, so I can
.load() additional content
Now I want to use HTML5 features like pushstate to
get rid of the # in the URL
It should be possible to go back and forth without a page refresh but the page will still display the right content according to the current URL.
It should also be possible to reload a page without getting a 404 error. The site should exist thanks to CodeIgniter. (there is a controller and a view)
For example:
A very basic website. Two links, called "foo" and "bar" and a emtpy div box beneath them.
The basic URL is example.com
When you click on "foo" the URL changes to "example.com/foo" without reloading and the div box gets new content with jQuery .load(). The same goes for the other link, just of course different content and URL.
After clicking "foo" and then "bar" the back button will bring me back to "example.com/foo" with the according content. If I load this link directly or refresh the page, it will look the same. No 404 error or something.
Just think about this page and tell me how you would do this.
I would really love to have this kind of navigation and so I tried several things.
So far...
I know how to use CodeIgniter to get the URLs like this. I know how to use jQuery to load additional content and while I don't fully understand the html5 pushstate stuff, I at least got it to work somehow.
But I can't get it to work all together.
My code right now is a mess, that's the reason I don't really want to post it here. I looked at different tutorials and copy pasted some code together. Would be better to upload my CI folder I guess.
Some of the tutorials I looked at:
Dive into HTML5
HTML5 demos
Mozilla manipulating the browser history
Saner HTML5 history
Github: History.js
(max. number of links reached :/)
I think my main problem is, that everybody tries to make it compatible with all browsers and different versions, adds scripts/jQuery plugins and whatnot and I get confused by all the additional code. There is more code between my script-tags then actual html content.
Could somebody post the most basic method how to use HTML5 for my example page?
My failed attemp:
On my test page, when I go back, the URL changes, but the div box will still show the same content, not the old one. I also don't know how to change the URL in the script according to the href attribute from the link. Is there something like $(this).attr('href'), that changes according to which link I click? Right now I would have to use a script for every link, which of course is bad.
When I refresh the site, CodeIgniter kicks in and loads the view, but really only the view by itself, the one I loaded with ajax, not the whole page. But I guess that should be easy to fix with a layout and the right controller settings. Haven't paid much attention to this yet.
Thanks in advance for any help.
If you have suggestions, ideas, or simple just want to mention something, please let me know.
regards
DiLer
I've put up a successful minimal example of HTML5 history here: http://cairo140.github.com/html5-history-example/one.html
The easiest way to get into HTML5 pushstate in my opinion is to ignore the framework for a while and use the most simplistic state transition possible: a wholesale replacement of the <body> and <title> elements. Outside of those elements, the rest of the markup is probably just boilerplate, although if it varies (e.g., if you change the class on HTML in the backend), you can adapt that.
What a dynamic backend like CI does is essentially fake the existence of data at particular locations (identified by the URL) by generating it dynamically on the fly. We can abstract away from the effect of the framework by literally creating the resources and putting them in locations through which your web server (Apache, probably) will simply identify them and feed them on through. We'll have a very simple file system structure relative to the domain root:
/one.html
/two.html
/assets/application.js
Those are the only three files we're working with.
Here's the code for the two HTML files. If you're at the level when you're dealing with HTML5 features, you should be able to understand the markup, but if I didn't make something clear, just leave a comment, and I'll walk you through it:
one.html
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.2/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="assets/application.js"></script>
<title>One</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>One</h1>
Two
</div>
</body>
</html>
two.html
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.2/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="assets/application.js"></script>
<title>Two</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>Two</h1>
One
</div>
</body>
</html>
You'll notice that if you load one.html through your browser, you can click on the link to two.html, which will load and display a new page. And from two.html, you can do the same back to one.html. Cool.
Now, for the history part:
assets/application.js
$(function(){
var replacePage = function(url) {
$.ajax({
url: url,
type: 'get',
dataType: 'html',
success: function(data){
var dom = $(data);
var title = dom.filter('title').text();
var html = dom.filter('.container').html();
$('title').text(title);
$('.container').html(html);
}
});
}
$('a').live('click', function(e){
history.pushState(null, null, this.href);
replacePage(this.href);
e.preventDefault();
});
$(window).bind('popstate', function(){
replacePage(location.pathname);
});
});
How it works
I define replacePage within the jQuery ready callback to do some straightforward loading of the URL in the argument and to replace the contents of the title and .container elements with those retrieved remotely.
The live call means that any link clicked on the page will trigger the callback, and the callback pushes the state to the href in the link and calls replacePage. It also uses e.preventDefault to prevent the link from being processed the normal way.
Finally, there's a popstate event that fires when a user uses browser-based page navigation (back, forward). We bind a simple callback to that event. Of note is that I couldn't get the version on the Dive Into HTML page to work for some reason in FF for Mac. No clue why.
How to extend it
This extremely basic example can more or less be transplanted onto any site because it does a very uncreative transition: HTML replacement. I suggest you can use this as a foundation and transition into more creative transitions. One example of what you could do would be to emulate what Github does with the directory navigation in its repositories. It's an intermediate manoever that requires floats and overflow management. You could start with a simpler transition like appending the .container in the loaded page to the DOM and then animating the old container to {height: 0}.
Addressing your specific "For example"
You're on the right track for using HTML5 history, but you need to clarify your idea of exactly what /foo and /bar will contain. Basically, you're going to have three pages: /, /foo, and /bar. / will have an empty container div. /foo will be identical to / except in that container div has some foo content in it. /bar will be identical to /foo except in that the container div has some bar content in it. Now, the question comes to how you would extract the contents of the container through Javascript. Assuming that your /foo body tag looked something like this:
<body>
foo
bar
<div class="container">foo</div>
</body>
Then you would extract it from the response data through var html = $(data).filter('.container').html() and then put it back into the parent page through $('.container').html(html). You use filter instead of the much more reasonable find because from some wacky reason, jQuery's DOM parser produces a jQuery object containing every child of the head and every child of the body elements instead of just a jQuery object wrapping the html element. I don't know why.
The rest is just adapting this back into the "vanilla" version above. If you are stuck at any particular stage, let me know, and I can guide you better though it.
Code
https://github.com/cairo140/html5-history-example
Try this in your controller:
if (!$this->input->is_ajax_request())
$this->load->view('header');
$this->load->view('your_view', $data);
if (!$this->input->is_ajax_request())
$this->load->view('footer');
Related
I have a website in which I finished with the basic layout, design, fonts, styles, css etc.
For almost whole of the website, the layout i.e the sidebar, the footer, the background etc. will remain the same. There are custom embedded fonts used as well.
Since this basic layout will remain the same all across the website, I wanted to ask how can I prevent downloading of this content (like side-bar, fonts, or javascript etc.) again for the user, so that the other pages after the start do not take as much time as the start page.
I am sure there would be some mechanism since most of the websites have header/footer/sidebar in common across the pages. My website is in plain html/css, and there's no backend being used. Any ideas?
Your images, fonts, css and other contents will most likely be cached by the client's browser on the first hit, so it will be downloaded just once.
For the html page itself, since you use static html content, the only way I can think of is using AJAX request.
You probably want to use includes. So on each page you'd have a header include, a footer include, a sidebar include and even an include containing links to your css/js files.
Simplest way to do this would be to change your pages to be .php pages and use php includes to pull in the header file, footer file etc.
You can static-site generator like Jekyll.
You may design a basic layout first.
Avoid inline and embedded CSS maximum and add a class (can assign to multiple) or id (can assign to single) to common selectors.
Make a master stylesheet like master.css and attach this to every page.
Hope this helps.
You can do this in two way. You say you don't have a backend, however the server where your website is hosted can be the backend.
Without any backend interaction:
If you really prefer not to use the backend at all, you can make this a single page website, with some javascript to switch the content you have in there. The idea is you have your website structure, and your default data available the way you normally have it right. But you also have the html for your other pages in hidden divs. Then when you want to switch to say the about link you use javascript to get the content from the hidden div with that content and you place that content in the main div.
<!--First lets use jquery thought it can use some other framework-->
<script src="http://code.google.com/apis/ajaxlibs/documentation/index.html#jquery"></script>
<script>
$('a[href=#myAboutPage]').on('click',function(){//Whenever link that points to #myAboutPage is clicked
var getHTMLFROM = document.getElementById('myAboutPageHiddenContent').innerHTML;
//And place it on main div
document.getElementById('mainDivContent').innerHTML = getHTMLFROM
});
</script>
If you wanted to use some ajax interactions:
The process would be the same with the exception that the getHTMLFROM content, would actually be an html file that you request from the server.
Both of this javascript oriented methods will work, but would NOT recommend if you want your information to be SEO friendly. With that said reuse an external piece of css, to minimize redownloading the styling of your interface every single time.
There are definitely many ways to do this. I am a fan of dynamic inclusion. Here is a link to a great tutorial which explains how to set it up for your own page very simply. Dynamic Inclusion Tutorial NOTE: Don't be afaid of PHP, or having to change your file extension to PHP. It won't change your coding experience at all. It will just enhance your abilities.
I also have used the Javascript feature to hide certain elements. Depending on the size of your website, it may be just as easy to reload your CSS and navigation elements. However, if you really don't want your menu and logo to blink momentarily while it is reloading, you can just hide/reveal elements very simply with a bit of JS.
Here is an example function from my website:
function toggleVisible(e){
var i = e.id;
if(e.className == 'collapsed')
{
e.className = 'expanded';
e.innerHTML = 'Hide'
var hiddenArray = document.getElementsByClassName('hidden' + i);
hiddenArray[0].setAttribute('class', 'expanded' + i);
}
else if (e.className == 'expanded')
{
e.className = 'collapsed';
e.innerHTML = 'Show More';
var expandedArray = document.getElementsByClassName('expanded' + i);
expandedArray[0].setAttribute('class', 'hidden' + i);
}
}
The above code will run when the following link is clicked:
ANYWEBSITE.com || <a onClick="toggleVisible(this)" id="4" class="collapsed">Show More</a> || View PDF
Also, another user mentioned caching. Caching appears to be unreliable. Check out the following links for more info:
AJAX cache
HTML5 Application cache
2009 article about browser caching from stackoverflow.com question
Lets say I have example.html and inside that i have a code like
<iframe src="x.com" id="x"></iframe>
from x.com, I would like to get everything inside
<div class="content">...</div>
into example.html inside
<div class="xCodes">ONTO HERE</div>
So I tried to get the elements inside x.com to show up on example.html and I heard it's not possible to access them for cross domain problems.
I was wondering if there was another way to retrieve HTML tags from x.html into example.html
Maybe without using <iframe />??
Sourced from: http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/cross-domain-requests-with-jquery/
$('.xCodes').load('http://x.com/x.html');
OR
$.ajax({
url: 'http://x.com/x.html',
type: 'GET',
success: function(res) {
var data = $(res.responseText).find('.content').text();
$('.xCodes').html(data);
}
});
If I understand correctly you want to rip the content from a DIV on one site and display it on another. There are several issues with this, but I'll focus on the technological aspect and assume you are acting in good faith with pulling the content.
The real issue you're running up against here is that you don't have access to DOM elements of pages that haven't loaded yet. As such you need to tell the browser to load the data for that page so that you can access the elements that should have loaded on the page and then pull the information out. JQuery has a nice little method to help with that called .load() (http://api.jquery.com/load/).
As an important side note however you can't do this as all modern broswers forbid cross site access in such a manner:
From the JQuery .load() page:
Additional Notes:
Due to browser security restrictions, most "Ajax" requests are subject to the same origin policy; the request can not successfully retrieve data from a different domain, subdomain, or protocol.
And check out:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_origin_policy
One more bit of warning. If you don't control the code on the other site you are potentially exposing yourself to serious security issues so only do this in situations where you have control of the other site or for some reason have absolute faith in that site. Alternatively you should try to, if available, use APIs for the sites/services you are trying to get data from.
When I add a HTML link to a specific part of the page:
test
I noticed that it changes the URL at the address bar. Although I have come across websites where they link that way without the address bar being updated. How is this possible?
EDIT: It might be an AJAX solution were they make it work without URL change, as if I remember correctly, the page didn't reload, it went directly to the destination...
You may wish to look at the jquery plugin, scrollTo.
http://jquery.com
And a couple of links for scrollTo
http://demos.flesler.com/jquery/scrollTo/
http://flesler.blogspot.com/2007/10/jqueryscrollto.html
You can do something like this:
The HTML
click me to scroll
<div class="gap">a big gap</div>
<h1 id="scrollToMe">I should scroll to here without a # in the URL</h1>
The javascript (jquery and the scrollto plugin)
$(document).ready(function() {
$(".scrollLink").click(function(e) {
$.scrollTo($(this).attr("href"));
e.preventDefault();
});
});
What the javascript does, is when ever a link is clicked that has the class ".scrollLink", scroll the page down to the element that has the same ID, as the href for the particular link clicked. Then the e.preventDefault() stops it working like the normal hash link and stops it appearing in the URL bar.
Here is a working example for you: http://jsfiddle.net/alexkey/c3jsY/7/
And a version not in a frameset, so you can see that the URL doesn't change:
http://fiddle.jshell.net/alexkey/c3jsY/7/show/light/
This approach has a couple of good points
Simply apply the scrollLink class to links you want to stop the hash appearing (nice and easy)
It uses the normal href, which also means the links will still work even if javascript is disabled - good for accessibility and probably search engine optimisation to.
It's possible to use javascript to intercept the click event, perform your own custom logic, then cancel the navigation event so the URL never changes
Maybe you can try something like: window.scroll(0,150);
instead of "(0,150)" put the cooridnate of your target.
You'll have to experiment with the number (shown here as 200) to get the window to align properly.
test
You could use inline the next code:
link text
<div id="bookmark">Jump to here</div>
I have a page where we're positioning a bunch of elements using CSS, and changing their "top and left" positions using JS.
I've had reports that these things have been misaligned, but a user has the motive to lie about this to "cheat", so I'm not exactly sure whether they're telling the truth. I'm trying to find a way to figure out whether they're lying or not, and to have some "proof".
I know that Canvas has a method to copy image information from an image element, or another canvas element (kind of a BitBlt operation).
Would it be possible to somehow, with Canvas (or with something else, Flash, whatever), take a "picture" of a piece of the page?
Again, I'm not trying to take information from an <image>. I'm trying to copy what the user sees, which is comprised of several HTML elements positioned absolutely (and I care most about those positions) and somehow upload that to the server.
I understand this can't be done, but maybe I'm missing something.
Any ideas?
Somebody asked a question earlier that's somewhat similar to this. Scroll to the bottom of Youtube and click the "Report a Bug" link. Google's Feedback Tool (Javascript driven), essentially does what you described. Judging by what I looked at of its code, it uses canvas and has a JavaScript-based JPEG encoder which builds a JPG image to send off to Google.
It would definitely be a lot of work, but I'm sure you could accomplish something similar.
If a commercial solution is an option, Check out SnapEngage.
Click on the "help" button in top-right to see it in action. Here is a screenshot:-
Setup is pretty straight-forward you just have to copy and paste a few lines of javascript code.
SnapEngage uses a Java Applet to take screenshots, Here is a blog post about how it works.
Yes you can See following demo
In below code I have define table inside body tag but when you run this code then it will display image snapshot.
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>test2</title>
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/html2canvas.js?rev032"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
var target = $('body');
html2canvas(target, {
onrendered: function(canvas) {
var data = canvas.toDataURL();
alert(data);
document.body.innerHTML="<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><img src="+data+" />";
}
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Testing</h1>
<h4>One column:</h4>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
html2canvas official Documentation:- http://html2canvas.hertzen.com/
To download html2canvas.js library you can use also if you unable to find from official link :-
https://github.com/niklasvh/html2canvas/downloads
[I am not responsible for this link :P :P :P]
You can use the element, that currently is only supported by Firefox.
background: -moz-element(#mysite);
Here #mysite is the element whose content is used as background
Open in Firefox: http://jsfiddle.net/qu2kz/3/
(tested on FF 27)
I don't think that you can do that. However, you could recursively fetch clientHeight, clientWidth, offsetTop and offsetLeft to determine the positions of all elements on the page and send it back to the server.
On Firefox, you can create an AddOn that uses canvas.drawWindow to draw web content to a canvas. https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Drawing_Graphics_with_Canvas#Rendering_Web_Content_Into_A_Canvas
I don't think there's a way to do that on WebKit at the moment.
It can be done, with some limitations. There are some techniques, and these are exactly how many extensions do screenshots. From your description it seems that you aren't looking for a generic, client side solution to be deployed, but just something that a user or some users could use and submit, so I guess using an extension would be fine.
Chrome:
I can point you to my opensource Chrome extension, Blipshot, that does exactly that:
https://github.com/folletto/Blipshot
Just to give some background:
You can do that, as far as I know, only from inside an extension, since it uses an internal function.
The function is chrome.tabs.captureVisibleTab and require access to the tabs from the manifest.
The function grabs only the visible part of the active tab, so if you need just that it's fine. If you need something more, than, you should have a look at the whole script, since it's quite tricky to get the full page screenshot until Google fixes Bug #45209.
Firefox:
In Firefox since 1.5 you can build extensions that use a custom extension of canvas, drawWindow, that is more powerful than the chrome.tabs.captureVisibleTab equivalent of Chrome. Some informations are here:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Drawing_Graphics_with_Canvas
I'm sure this topic comes up all the time,
But I can't seem to fine a concise answer.
I've got a vertical menu bar that I want to reuse in webpages (>20).
The Menu Bar is coded in HTML and uses uses: UL, LI, A, <Div> tags, and CSS. We need this:
Reusable
Maintainable
Scalable
So we don't have to modify all pages every time we add a page.
We'd rather avoid a coding approach if possible. We could live with just one master file that we edit as needed. Since we're using CSS and <div>s, I don't think frames scale for us. What can we do?
Server side includes are the way to go if you don't want to use a programming language.
They take this form:
<!--#include virtual="menu.html" -->
and will be inserted in the page wherever you put that tag in your HTML. It requires server side parsing, so your web server must have server side includes enabled. You can try it out, and if it doesn't work, contact your server host to see if you can get them enabled. If it's Apache, there's a method of enabling them via .htaccess files as well.
In order to do this, you'll have to use some server side technology. For instance you could...
include them in php
put them in the master page in .net
put this in a partial or a layout page in rails
Some reading:
http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.include.php
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/wtxbf3hh.aspx
Another solution would be to create all this using Javascript, but please don't do it like that :)
html:
<script type="text/javascript" src="hack.js"></script>
<div id="mymenu">
</div>
hack.js:
function createMenu(){
$("#mymenu").html("all the html of your menu");
}
Without any server side script or Javascript you can use object or iframe tags.
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_object.asp
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_iframe.asp
The only thing to care is to indicate target="parent" in links.
Hope it helps
Using a w3 script..
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<script src="http://www.w3schools.com/lib/w3data.js"></script>
<body>
<div w3-include-html="header.html"></div>
<div w3-include-html="nav.html"></div>
<script>
w3IncludeHTML();
</script>
</body>
</html>
header.html
<h1>Title</h1>
nav.html
<h2>Your nav</h2>
See also: http://www.w3schools.com/howto/howto_html_include.asp
And don't forget to test this code on your localhost.
I've done this two separate ways - one using server side (PHP) and one using Javascript includes (for demos that need to be able to run without any internet connection or server capabilities).
For PHP includes your pages will have to end with .php rather than .htm or .html, and these are very ideal to replace your header, footer, navigation, etc. Anything that is repeated on multiple pages.
Basically you would create your normal code then copy and paste the code you want to break out - in this example, your navigation - and save it in another file called (for example) inc_navigation.htm (this page can be called .htm).
Then in your actual pages you'd use the following code:
<?php include('inc_navigation.htm') ?>
That would insert your navigation at that point, if you had a change to make you'd make it to the .htm file and it would propagate to any page with that included.
For javascript includes you will have to include the following line at the top of every document where you want to include your navigation:
<script type="text/javascript" src="includes.js"></script>
Then you'll create a document called includes.js.
At the top of this document you'll declare your navigation variable:
var navigation = new Array(); // This is for the navigation.
Then a little ways down in that same document you need to actually outline your navigation code (the line numbers in the square brackets are crucial - keep them in order and start with 0 - you cannot have line breaks in this code so every line of code has to be a new line):
// ==================== Navigation ==================== //
navigation[0] = '<div id="tab_navigation">';
navigation[1] = '<ul id="dropline">';
navigation[2] = '<li><b>Home</b></li>';
navigation[3] = '<li><b>About Us</b></li>';
navigation[4] = '</ul>';
navigation[5] = '</div><!-- Close TAB NAVIGATION -->';
Then a little ways after that you'll actually insert the javascript that will put that code into your page (it doesn't actually put it there but rather makes it accessible in the page without actually altering the code of the .htm page - so if you view source you'll see the reference to the code not the code itself).
function show(i)
{
for (x in i)
{
document.write(i[x]+'\n')
}
}
Finally - in your .htm document, say for your index.htm page, you'll replace your navigation code (that you put in the above block called navigation) with this:
<script type="text/javascript">show(navigation);</script>
Where that name after SHOW and in the parenthesis is the name of your variable (declared earlier).
I have sites showing both methods in use if you'd like to see them just send me a message.
I was facing the same thing. Then, I created a new file for storing the html of the navigation bar.
I created a file navbar.html which had all my navigation bar code.
Then, in your main html file where you want navigation bar, just include this file by using jquery.
$(document).ready(function() {
$('#navigation').load('navbar.html');
});
Then at the place where you want navigation bar, just add this line:
<div id="navigation"></div>
As a modern answer to a six year old question: Web Components are specifically reusable HTML components, and Polymer is possibly the most popular implementation of it at the moment. Currently virtually no browser has native support for Web Components, so at the very least a Javascript polyfill is required.
If you would use PHP, all you have to do is use the include command, no coding beyond this one command.
Also, check out server side includes
So far one of the best solutions I have found is to model the menus after the Son of Suckerfish XHTML/CSS solution that is pretty well documented on the internet now combined with some logic on the server to render the unordered list. By using unordered lists you have a couple different options on how to output the results, but as long as the menu has some basic hierarchy you can generate it. Then for the actual page all you need to do is include a reference to the menu generating function.
I was searching for a way to write a reusable navigation menu that toggled(show/hide) when clicking a button. I want to share a solution that worked for me in case anyone else is looking to do the same. This solution uses jQuery, html, and css.
Add this line of code to your head tag in your main index.html file:
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
Add div for your nav in body tag:
<div id="mySidenav" class="sidenav"></div>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("button").click(function(){
$("#mySidenav").load("nav.html").toggle().width("400pt");
});
});
</script>
Create a html file that will be where your navigation menu resides. My file is called nav.html and inside the file the contents look like this:
have you found your one true musubi?`
item2
item3