What's the term of manage and expost web applications like SharePoint - terminology

Ruffly Speaking, I want to know the name of the feature which Microsoft SharePoint provides that the ablility to manage many web applications and expose them as web parts.
I'll try to explane more, from wikipedia:
Microsoft SharePoint is a software platform provides collaboration, Web content management, documents management, enterprise search, Web 2.0 features, and many other features under a single platform.
What I understand from that that it's a collection of features provided in a single system, I would like to search about a software platform similar to SharePoint able to manage many web applications and expose them or provides them as web parts but I don't know the search keywords which I have to look for.

Look for the keyword “Portal”.

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How can I test my integration with SAP for free?

I need to integrate an API created with .NET with SAP FI/CO.
Researching online I found out there used to be something called IDES that would provide access to an SAP server free of charge, just for testing purposes, but that's no longer available.
The Consolut solution seems to have been a viable solution while it was active:
https://www.outsystems.com/forums/discussion/6598/sap-server-test-account/
Anyway, my question is: Is there any way for an independent developer to test an SAP integration without spending money to access that server? Are there any options out there that would allow me to access an SAP instance for testing purposes?
Here you can find the official list of developer trials that you might access without having any kind of relationship with SAP:
https://www.sap.com/developer/trials-downloads.html.
If you have an SAP S-user, you might have access to more stuff from the SAP Marketplace. From my knowledge, IDES was / is only accessible through the SAP Marketplace (or external sources which use the marketplace themselves).
FI/CO runs on Netweaver AS ABAP (or an older alternative, e.g. R/3), so you could download it here: https://tools.eu1.hana.ondemand.com/#abap. But it will not have FI/CO in it. Based on the discussion here https://archive.sap.com/discussions/thread/2039981 I would say that it is not really possible to get FI/CO up and running on your local Netweaver.
This is a general strategy of SAP. They provide the possibility of trying out their technological platforms (HCP, HANA, NW, etc) but they don't really offer access to their business solutions for free.
If you don't find any other way of getting access to a FI/CO system (e.g. from a third party or customer) then maybe the best thing would be to use the local Netweaver and mock the FI/CO specific RFCs that you are using (assuming that you use NCo for the integration). At least this way, you would know that the integration works at a pure technical level (at some point though, you will need a real system).

Why there is need to use html in enterprise application?

I have found this question in my University Past paper.
I know what is enterprise application and i also have a detail knowledge of HTML.. But i could not understand what is the specific purpose of html in enterprise application development. I search this question in different ways from google but no site explain it in any way except the one which is (https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160825012934AAuuG4g)
This site says (If the application is web based, it needs HTML to display its GUI.)
GUI can alse be displayed using JAVA.
I want someone explain me in a better way
Yes, you can use Java API also for Web Based Enterprise, Its upto you which domain is used for creating Enterprise application..
An enterprise application can consist of anything. It's a big business application. The technology used for it can differ wildly, as you pointed out, Java can be used to display the GUI.
Most businesses opt for web-based applications utilizing HTML5 and Bootstrap. It makes mobility less of an issue when someone is out in the field (if that is one of the requirements) and easily maintainable etc.
Or you can have a windows application as your enterprise application, using .NET, Java, whatever to display an interact with your desktop. This means people have to be AT work to DO work because the application is installed on a PC, not compatible with Linux etc.
It's all about what the business needs are. HTML is just a technology that CAN be applied to an enterprise application

Onenote API and Onenote Interop

Gday.
I am familiar with writing code to access/edit a notebook stored at a directory using the Onenote Interop classes for Desktop versions of OneNote (2007, 2010, 2013)
Now that the OnenoteAPI is out for the cloud-based OneNote (Win RT OneNote, WinPhone OneNote, and etc) I am confused as to which to use.
I'm trying to build an app that uses Onenote to store some notes. The notes will generally be accessed from few locations in a city and perhaps some mobile computers. With the Interop method, I already have a solution for (literally) copying some notebooks onto the mobile computers before they go out, and upon their return merging them back.
However, I would like to use "the cloud" as a storage option rather than storing the notebooks in one central location typically accessed through a jungle of VPNs. This is because some customers would be happy with the cloud (and not having their own server) and others will be want to at least have a copy of the data, and use the cloud as a means to be more mobile.
Now, I haven't gone around implementing nor trying things out yet. I am seeking advice from people that may have done something similar. In particular, i'd like advice/hints/clues on how to:
Extract the notebook page content in a format from the OnenoteAPI that is compatible with the Interop. Similarly, push it back up to the OnenoteAPI from the Interop. Alternatively, can I somehow "export" a copy of the cloud Notebook and import it later?
Would expensive SharePoint help in some way? How about the free build-into-small-office-server version suffice?
Thank you Internets.
N.b. given the potential for confusion I will refer to the Win32-only OneNote API as "OneNote COM API" and the modern, web-based, and OneDrive-only REST API as the "OneNote REST API"
On #1: The HTML version of the OneNote pages we expose via the OneNote REST API does not have a 1:1 mapping to the OneNote Object Model that is exposed via the COM API; this makes interop between them difficult. Furthermore, neither of them are designed to support a full-fidelity sync experience – it's a tricky problem, and usually one where people are more than happy with the experience OneNote provides out-of-the-box.
On #2: SharePoint could solve your problem. When your users are in the office, OneNote would sync all of its changes to SharePoint and receive the deltas it missed while it was disconnected from the intranet. If clients desire mobility, you could open up SharePoint to web access. You can then build your app using the COM API against the desktop OneNote client and rely on OneNote itself to handle syncing.
The one caveat here is that not all SKUs of OneNote support accessing SharePoint notebooks; Win32 clients purchased as part of the Office suite can, as can any copy attached to an Office365 subscription, including Mac, iOS, and Android. To the best of my knowledge, Windows Phone does not have any such restriction.
Update for Peter. the OneNote cloud APIs now support Sharepoint Online as a storage endpoint.
This is a pretty old question, but if someone is reading it I can add this:
OneNote + OneDrive does an EXCELLENT job of synchronizing a notebook that is opened on multiple devices, including PCs and phones.
My recommended solution for #Peter pete is to migrate his old COM OneNote to OneDrive.

Web mapping and image gallery RIA application

I am going to create Web portal, which I would like to be some kind of illustrated guide of city. In brief, It would be a union of Web mapping application and image gallery application. User should be able to navigate on the map to find some interesting locations, then user may view images and read articles about these locations.
This application has two important requirements:
Has to be RIA / Single Page Application
Must support CMS approach, with separated Front-End and Back-Office sections.
I contemplate which technology and framework offers the easiest and most powerful tools to fulfill these requirements with the least of effort. Currently I am thinking about ASP.NET MVC and Google Web Toolkit. What is your opinion? What about other platforms? Or maybe there are existing systems, galleries or CMS platforms which suit to my demands?
Do you know any existing websites with similar architecture and functionalities?

GUI Development - Free Tools

We are looking at building a GUI application having the following attributes -
* approx 100 screens
* approx 200 users
* interfaces with 8 different legacy applications (protocols tbd but we are assuming web services will be exposed)
* has a separate data store for storing authentication and authorisation info along with few other information.
We are trying to avoid spending any money on procurement of physical servers, application servers etc.So we thought instead of building a web application , we could develop a standalone GUI based application that could be deployed on users' desktops considering that the users are less and the access to this application is confined to our organisation.
We were thinking of Java Swing as one of the options to consider. Is it a good choice? Please advice on the other options that we need to think about. We thought MS products would involving licensing costs to buy the product hence we are looking at developing the application using some free software tools.
Thanks a lot!
Regards,
V
I really like Swing and have written many applications with it, but I'm not sure the argument that you will get a cheaper solution because you have to procure less physical servers is a good reason for it.
There are other ways to use computational capacity on the client side. For example you could use SmartGWT. With a browser based solution you get easy deployment and have no problems with client-server communications (i.e. no proxy hell). It's possible to get all of this solved with a standalone GUI, but it requires experience and time (== money).
I think a standalone GUI is a good idea if you need a "rich" user experience and tight integration with the native environment. Web apps are generally less snappy and not so well integrated. If it's just about editing data on a server, the standalone GUI does not really have any advantages.
I won't rehash what we talked about in the comments. It seems you are focused on java gui solutions. With that said there are alternatives for developing gui applications with free tools. Just to name a couple, you could develop your client with Adobe Flex or Adobe Air, use python, php or ruby and GTK, or develop a windows GUI app using c# if your target os is windows. Similar to Air, Microsoft Silverlight is an option. Java is not the only solution.
Many Java gui apps are written using swing. The major competitor to Swing has long been SWT which is used for eclipse and by IBM. Javafx is a newer/alternative platform Sun/Oracle is behind, you should also look at. To be complete, you should also take a look at qt jambi that lets you develop in java against the Qt framework.