In the top of my webpages it days:
<!doctype html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">
Q1:
Which one is more fault-proof/better in your opinion: <!doctype html> or <!doctype html/>
Q2:
I wonder whether there is anything shorter than this, which will define the language:
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="de" xml:lang="de">
And should that be ending with > of />?
Thanks very much.
Q1: This is very simple: <!doctype html/> is wrong. The doctype is not a self-closing tag, neither in HTML nor in XML. The only valid declaration for HTML5 is therefore <!doctype html>.
Q2: That depends. You don’t actually need to declare the XML namespace if you’re using HTML rather than the XHTML variant (and the xml:lang attribute would also be pointless). In that case, the doctype (see Q1) is entirely sufficient:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="nl">
…
</html>
On the other hand, if you want to use XHTML then you should add the XML namespace (and, yes, the xml:lang attribute). Using XHTML does have advantages, primarily because some editors/evaluators will treat errors stricter and can thus provide better diagnostics for errors.
Related
What is the correct way to use start tag when creating with HTML5
IE: HTML 4 Strict is like this
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
The standard has been simplified because the previous doctypes were too cryptic. The new doctype is simply <!DOCTYPE html> . You may wonder why it is not <!DOCTYPE html5> but it is simply because it is just an update to the standard of HTML and not a new version of anything. As you can see below, all elements can now have a language attribute.
The <html> element is the root element of a document. Every document
must begin with this element, and it must contain both the <head> and
<body> elements.
It is considered good practice to specify the primary language of the
document on this element using the lang attribute.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World</h1>
<p>
Jamie was here.
</p>
</body>
</html>
More info: https://dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/#doctype-declaration
you just use
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
</html>
First of all, html5 doctype is not case sensitive.
Either one of these three will work:
1) <!DOCTYPE html>
2) <!DOCTYPE HTML>
3) <!doctype html>
You can check the validity here.
It's as simple as
<!DOCTYPE html>
According to the WWW Consortium, the organization responsible setting current web standards, no one has answered this correctly.
The current standard for language declaration is
Always use a language attribute on the html tag to declare the default
language of the text in the page. When the page contains content in another
language, add a language attribute to an element surrounding that content.
Use the lang attribute for pages served as HTML, and the xml:lang attribute
for pages served as XML. For XHTML 1.x and HTML5 polyglot documents, use both
together.
W3C HTML Language Tag Page
Here is the answer regarding DOCTYPE declaration
Use the following markup as a template to create a new HTML document using a
proper Doctype declaration. See the list below if you wish to use another DTD.
W3C DOCTYPE Standards
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>An HTML standard template</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
</head>
<body>
<p>… Your HTML content here …</p>
</body>
</html>
Hope this helps.
You use...
<!DOCTYPE html>
followed by your HTML tag etc..
You only need this:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
...
There are several points here. This is supported by all browsers, even old ones like IE6/IE7. All browsers actually nee "html" part from doctype declaration to jump into standards mode.
<!-- simplified doctype works for all previous versions of HTML as well -->
<!doctype html>
Learning Resource:
http://diveintohtml5.info/
http://www.html5doctor.com
The start tag <html> is optional in HTML5, as in HTML 4.01. If used, it must be the first tag. It has different optional attributes: the global attributes of HTML5, and the special manifest attribute. The most common useful attribute in the <html> tag is the lang attribute.
(The doctype declaration is something quite different, and not a tag at all.)
The clearest most definitive answer of what the standard says seems to be for HTML 5.3 at:
http://w3c.github.io/html/syntax.html#the-doctype
Note especially the list-items 1 and 3 which specify that the doctype-statement is case-insensitive. Also note the number of spaces inside the statement can vary.
And note the clause "A DOCTYPE is a required preamble."
This question already has answers here:
Closed 10 years ago.
Possible Duplicate:
Are self-closing tags valid in HTML5?
For example:
<div id="myDiv" />
Something would then be done to populate this div using Javascript.
Is this valid HTML?
No. HTML 4.x doesn't have any concept of self closing tags.
It is valid in XHTML.
Div's are not valid self closing tags. To have an empty div it would be better to do this:
<div id="myDiv"></div>
According to the XML declaration and the XHTML 1.0 and 1.1 document definitions, this is fine: the null-end tag (>) may be used when immediately following the null-end start tag closer (/), and your code is equivalent to <div id="myDiv"></div>.
It's a different matter entirely whether any particular consumer will be able to process this correctly.
The SGML declaration used by HTML 4.01 allows tag shortening, but it has a different syntax for the null-end tags; there you can write <div id="abc"/this is a non-empty div/. Again, mileage may vary as for browser support. (My money is on "none".)
Future versions of HTML (HTML5? if that name is still alive) are no longer implemented as SGML languages, and therefore they simply allow what they say they do, without recourse to a formal grammar.
I ran these two blocks of code through the W3C validator. Copy and paste the code into the input under the Validate by Direct Input tab to see the results for yourself.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>title</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" >
</head>
<body><div id="Mydiv" /></body>
</html>
The code block with Doctype of transitional HTML 4.01 failed the validation process.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
<head>
<title>Test</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body><div id="Mydiv" /></body>
</html>
When I added the XHTML 1.0 transitional doctype, changed the meta tag to a self closing tag, and added in the html xmlns line, the validation passed.
So to answer the first half of your question, it is valid HTML under the XHTML 1.0 Transitional doctype. Whether or not you can use javascript to properly populate it, I am not sure.
Self Closing Tags in XHTML as implemented by browsers:
What are all the valid self-closing elements in XHTML (as implemented by the major browsers)?
Self Closing tags in html5:
Are (non-void) self-closing tags valid in HTML5?
No, it's valid XML (not HTML), and as far as I know, will only be accepted if the document is send with an application/xml mimetype.
However, it may work with XHTML, and the XHTML Doctype declaration.
I can't believe what is happening in my website. When I add this line:
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
Everything works fine. And when I don't, CSS "messes" up, everything becomes different and layout becomes "ugly".
How can this line solve all the problems?!
You're mixing up HTML with XHTML.
Usually a <!DOCTYPE> declaration is used to distinguish between versions of HTMLish languages (in this case, HTML or XHTML).
Different markup languages will behave differently. My favorite example is height:100%. Look at the following in a browser:
XHTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<style type="text/css">
table { height:100%;background:yellow; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr><td>How tall is this?</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
... and compare it to the following: (note the conspicuous lack of a <!DOCTYPE> declaration)
HTML (quirks mode)
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
table { height:100%;background:yellow; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr><td>How tall is this?</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
You'll notice that the height of the table is drastically different, and the only difference between the 2 documents is the type of markup!
That's nice... now, what does <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> do?
That doesn't answer your question though. Technically, the xmlns attribute is used by the root element of an XHTML document: (according to Wikipedia)
The root element of an XHTML document must be html, and must contain an xmlns attribute to associate it with the XHTML namespace.
You see, it's important to understand that XHTML isn't HTML but XML - a very different creature. (ok, a kind of different creature) The xmlns attribute is just one of those things the document needs to be valid XML. Why? Because someone working on the standard said so ;) (you can read more about XML namespaces on Wikipedia but I'm omitting that info 'cause it's not actually relevant to your question!)
But then why is <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> fixing the CSS?
If structuring your document like so... (as you suggest in your comment)
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
[...]
... is fixing your document, it leads me to believe that you don't know that much about CSS and HTML (no offense!) and that the truth is that without <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> it's behaving normally and with <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> it's not - and you just think it is, because you're used to writing invalid HTML and thus working in quirks mode.
The above example I provided is an example of that same problem; most people think height:100% should result in the height of the <table> being the whole window, and that the DOCTYPE is actually breaking their CSS... but that's not really the case; rather, they just don't understand that they need to add a html, body { height:100%; } CSS rule to achieve their desired effect.
Its an XML namespace. It is required when you use XHTML 1.0 or 1.1 doctypes or application/xhtml+xml mimetypes.
You should be using HTML5 doctype, then you don't need it for text/html. Better start from template like this :
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=utf-8 />
<title>domcument title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/stylesheet.css" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<!-- your html content -->
<script src="/script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
When you have put your Doctype straight - do and validate you html and your css . That usually will sove you layout issues.
It sounds like your site has CSS or JS that depends on running in quirks mode. Which is why you need garbage above your doctype to render "correctly". I suggest removing said garbage and then fixing your CSS+JS to actually work in standards mode; you'll save yourself a lot of pain in the long run.
The namespace name http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
is intended for use in various specifications such as:
Recommendations:
XHTML™ 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language
XHTML Modularization
XHTML 1.1
XHTML Basic
XHTML Print
XHTML+RDFa
Check here for more detail
I am using few facebook social plugins and I am using the meta header. When validating the page, the W3C validator is throwing the error -> "Error: there is no attribute "property".
I am using the XHTML Transitional doctype - <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
Pls Suggest if I have to change the doctype to something else.
Facebook's plugins use Open Graph, which is built on RDFa. It's RDFa that adds the property attribute to elements. Without this addition, plain HTML has no such attribute. (If you ask me, it's a strange design to add a new attribute without namespacing it, and to re-use half of a <meta> tag. But no-one did.)
To validate XHTML-with-RDFa, you'll need the DOCTYPE:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
This means you will have to be writing valid XHTML 1.1. More
In order for a document to claim that it is a conforming HTML+RDFa document, it must provide the facilities described as mandatory in this section. The document conformance criteria are listed below, of which only a subset are mandatory:
All document conformance requirements stated as mandatory in the HTML5 specification must be met.
There should be a version attribute on the html element. The value of the version attribute should be HTML+RDFa 1.0 if the document is a non-XML mode document, or XHTML+RDFa 1.0 if the document is a XML mode document.
There may be a link element contained in the head element that contains profile for the the rel attribute and http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab for the href attribute.
Example:
<html version="HTML+RDFa 1.1" lang="en">
<head>
<title>Example Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Moved to example.org.</p>
</body>
</html>
As Open Graph suggests, if you're using HTML5, you're better off just using a prefix attribute like this:
<!doctype html>
<html prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
<head>
<title>HTML5 site</title>
<meta property="og:title" content="The Rock" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
You can leave the doctype as is and it will validate.
This approach has also been recommended by an Open Graph developer.
is it possible to use DOCTYPE tag in line 2 or 3 or ... and css works good ? (not line 1)
tag :
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
Yes. As long as it comes before your <html> tag, you should be fine. This might happen, for instance, if you put an XML declaration above it. The xml declaration, however, must occur at the very beginning of the file.
Example:
<?xml version='1.0' charset='utf-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>This is an example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is an example</h1>
<p>
You might even put an xml stylesheet declaration up above your
DTD declaration, which would look like this:
<code><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="transform.xsl"?></code>
</p>
<p>But you still can't put any HTML above your DOCTYPE. Sorry.</p>
</body>
</html>
Seems like you are very persistent about doing strange things with your doctype. It's best you always use it AND put it on the first line of your document. If you go arround the web you'll find that almost every website has it like that.
Is there a reason why you don't want to do so?
IE6 will fall into quirks mode if you put anything (including an XML declaration) before the Doctype. So - "no".
Most browsers will fall into quirks mode (AFAIK) if any content appears before it. Don't use hosts who prevent you from using valid markup.
by standards, the DOCTYPE should be the first line. why would you not want to put it there anyways?