What is the "correct" way to deactivate tooltips on a given page so that the title attribute of a tag does not get shown?
There is no specific "correct" way.
If you don't want a title on an element, don't put one there.
If they must exist, you can use JavaScript to remove the title from any element you need to.
The issue here is that how the attribute is displayed is browser dependent - the spec says so:
Values of the title attribute may be rendered by user agents in a variety of ways. For instance, visual browsers frequently display the title as a "tool tip" (a short message that appears when the pointing device pauses over an object).
The fact that they display as a tooltip in most visual browsers does not mean they have to be. And there is no specific standard mechanism to "disable" this behavior.
Related
I am working on creating accessible help text for my form controls. I am planning to use aria-describedby to attach a accessible description to a field. This approach is discussed here
Although in my testing with ChromeVox extension and Windows 10 screen reader I have found out that aria-describedby is not announced, but it is rather well supported across browsers and screenreaders, so i am planning to use this approach.
Also this suggests that in some cases aria-describedby would be ignored or not work as expected but these cases are quite specific and i am generally ok with it.
aria-describedby content may not always be announced to users,
depending on their screen reader and navigation method. The attribute
is well supported, but that doesn’t mean there aren’t some things to
be aware of: aria-describedby content may not be announced by all
screen readers if navigating to a button, link, or form control with
the virtual cursor. JAWS specifically may not announce an element’s
description when using hot keys to navigate to certain elements. When
navigating by visited links, the description will not be announced.
However JAWS should announce descriptions when navigating by form
controls. JAWS 17 + IE won’t announce aria-describedby content when
tabbing to a link (newer version of JAWS have fixed this). IE11 won’t
announce the accessible name or description of a form control if the
title attribute is used in tandem with aria-describedby, and the
user is navigating by virtual cursor or form control hot key (F). Both
will be announced if using the Tab key. (IE11 had much bigger problems
with aria-describedby in the past.) TalkBack + Android Chrome won’t
announce any aria-describedby content of a modal dialog when
auto-focusing an element within that dialog. If a user has
descriptions or hint text turned off, any associated content won’t be
announced. Because of this, it’s vital that any content that is
necessary to the understanding of a UI be available by means other
than just aria-describedby.
I would like to understand if there are times when aria-describedby would not be announced automatically? The previous link phrasing seems to suggest that it is only going to be announced on request :
By using aria-describedby to reference the format of the field, this
information is made available to the users on request. That is, it is
not automatically displayed or read aloud. This makes sense if the
user has been informed of the format before, or when there are lots of
input fields with the same format, for example.
I don't get what it means by "on request". I believe that the default behavior is to announce the aria-describedby text after announcing the label and the input type.
The behavior of aria-describedby (like aria-label and aria-labeledby) is profoundly influenced by the role of the element where they appear.
As you may know screenreaders generally have two 'modes', and this is mostly determined by the role (or default semantics) of the content.
I have certainly had problems getting non-interactive elements announced, if they appear within interactive ("forms mode") content.
I have had good results using aria-describedby with modal content. (Put the attribute on the modal, and point at the text elements inside which you want announced when the modal opens.) But I suppose this is because there is an obvious moment where the screenreader is supposed to make those announcements: the moment when the modal opens.
In the case that the form (or other "forms mode" container) is always present on the page, you can usually read the non-interactive content using browse-mode key combinations such as "next heading" ("H" on NVDA and JAWS) or "next paragraph" ("P"). Check to see if these 'requests' are enough of a solution.
You might also experiment with the standard HTML elements fieldset and legend, whose purpose is providing a text description for groups of interactive elements.
Also consider treating the 'form' (or toolbar or whatever) as a single tab stop, and use arrow keys to navigate the components within. This way, when you give focus to the container, you should get an announcement of whatever is aria-describedby (or indeed aria-labeledby/aria-label)
If this isn't working for you, there are a couple of hacks you might try as a last resort:
Put tabindex="-1" on the element surrounding the text you want
announced, and then call focus() on that element at the appropriate
moment.
Copy the text into the textContent of an aria-live region
with javaScript at the appropriate moment.
Neither of these hacks are pretty, and might not suit you, if there is no 'appropriate moment'. (There's no equivalent of onfocus for browse mode). But with a little care, they can be made to work.
I have question to know the truth. can some one tell me is HTML title attribute a tool tip.
Someone told me it is not a tooltip.
Can anybody describe what is a tool tip?
and HTML title is it or not?
I need the truth pleas.
It is "Advisory information for the element" according to the specification.
Some browsers render it as a tooltip when you hover the element.
Obviously a screen reader would not, it reads it out.
A touch screen browser would not, it doesn't support a hover state.
Html title attribute is not a tool tip. But browsers can display it as a tooltip.
The problem with this is that you no longer control what your website shows. You will depend on whether the browser wants to show it or not.
A tooltip is programmed so you can control the operation, and you can change it, add events, etc ...
https://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_title.asp
"The title attribute is part of the Global Attributes, and can be used on any HTML element."
It is simply an attribute, and the value of this attribute is being shown by most browsers when hovering over the element looking like a tool tip.
In my opinion, it actually is a tooltip, since the value of the attribute is shown when the user hovers his mouse over the element. But the styling and even if the value is being shown is up to the browser, and you have no control over it.
It just depends on what is a tooltip for you personally :)
Usually, "web people" refer to tooltips as popup content when hovering over an element. Usually, these tooltips are being shown using JavaScript or vanilly CSS.
https://www.w3schools.com/howto/howto_css_tooltip.asp
My 2 cents - but I think it's really up to one personally whether you think of it as a tooltip.
Html title attribute is not tool-tip but on hover of the element we can see the title the element
For Eg:
ABCD INFO
so we will get output as
enter image description here
I have been seeing the aria attribute all over while working with Angular Material. Can someone explain to me, what the aria prefix means? but most importantly what I'm trying to understand is the difference between aria-hidden and hidden attribute.
ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities.
The hidden attribute is new in HTML5 and tells browsers not to display the element. The aria-hidden property tells screen-readers if they should ignore the element. Have a look at the w3 docs for more details:
https://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/aria/states_and_properties#aria-hidden
Using these standards can make it easier for disabled people to use the web.
A hidden attribute is a boolean attribute (True/False). When this attribute is used on an element, it removes all relevance to that element. When a user views the html page, elements with the hidden attribute should not be visible.
Example:
<p hidden>You can't see this</p>
Aria-hidden attributes indicate that the element and ALL of its descendants are still visible in the browser, but will be invisible to accessibility tools, such as screen readers.
Example:
<p aria-hidden="true">You can't see this</p>
Take a look at this. It should answer all your questions.
Note: ARIA stands for Accessible Rich Internet Applications
Sources: Paciello Group
Semantic Difference
According to HTML 5.2:
When specified on an element, [the hidden attribute] indicates that the element is not yet, or is no longer, directly relevant to the page’s current state, or that it is being used to declare content to be reused by other parts of the page as opposed to being directly accessed by the user.
Examples include a tab list where some panels are not exposed, or a log-in screen that goes away after a user logs in. I like to call these things “temporally relevant” i.e. they are relevant based on timing.
On the other hand, ARIA 1.1 says:
[The aria-hidden state] indicates whether an element is exposed to the accessibility API.
In other words, elements with aria-hidden="true" are removed from the accessibility tree, which most assistive technology honors, and elements with aria-hidden="false" will definitely be exposed to the tree. Elements without the aria-hidden attribute are in the "undefined (default)" state, which means user agents should expose it to the tree based on its rendering. E.g. a user agent may decide to remove it if its text color matches its background color.
Now let’s compare semantics. It’s appropriate to use hidden, but not aria-hidden, for an element that is not yet “temporally relevant”, but that might become relevant in the future (in which case you would use dynamic scripts to remove the hidden attribute). Conversely, it’s appropriate to use aria-hidden, but not hidden, on an element that is always relevant, but with which you don’t want to clutter the accessibility API; such elements might include “visual flair”, like icons and/or imagery that are not essential for the user to consume.
Effective Difference
The semantics have predictable effects in browsers/user agents. The reason I make a distinction is that user agent behavior is recommended, but not required by the specifications.
The hidden attribute should hide an element from all presentations, including printers and screen readers (assuming these devices honor the HTML specs). If you want to remove an element from the accessibility tree as well as visual media, hidden would do the trick. However, do not use hidden just because you want this effect. Ask yourself if hidden is semantically correct first (see above). If hidden is not semantically correct, but you still want to visually hide the element, you can use other techniques such as CSS.
Elements with aria-hidden="true" are not exposed to the accessibility tree, so for example, screen readers won’t announce them. This technique should be used carefully, as it will provide different experiences to different users: accessible user agents won’t announce/render them, but they are still rendered on visual agents. This can be a good thing when done correctly, but it has the potential to be abused.
Syntactic Difference
Lastly, there is a difference in syntax between the two attributes.
hidden is a boolean attribute, meaning if the attribute is present it is true—regardless of whatever value it might have—and if the attribute is absent it is false. For the true case, the best practice is to either use no value at all (<div hidden>...</div>), or the empty string value (<div hidden="">...</div>). I would not recommend hidden="true" because someone reading/updating your code might infer that hidden="false" would have the opposite effect, which is simply incorrect.
aria-hidden, by contrast, is an enumerated attribute, allowing one of a finite list of values. If the aria-hidden attribute is present, its value must be either "true" or "false". If you want the "undefined (default)" state, remove the attribute altogether.
Further reading:
https://github.com/chharvey/chharvey.github.io/wiki/Hidden-Content
setting aria-hidden to false and toggling it on element.show() worked for me.
e.g
<span aria-hidden="true">aria text</span>
$(span).attr('aria-hidden', 'false');
$(span).show();
and when hiding back
$(span).attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
$(span).hide();
One of our web applications just went through 508 compliance testing. We use TinyMCE version 3 for content development and I understand it generally has good accessibility. However, one of our pages contains 3 or more TinyMCE instances each preceded by a label indicating what the TinyMCE instance is for but we are being told that these are "implicit" labels when they should be "explicit" labels (i.e. with the for attribute). Problem is, TinyMCE instances are just iframes with a complex assortment of custom html "controls", whereas as far as I know the label/for technique only works with traditional form elements. What's the best strategy for achieving an "explicit" label for a TinyMCE instance?
Thanks!
Edit
Solutions explored using label + for which don't work: pointing the label at the initial textarea, pointing the label at the generated iframe.
One possible solution I am exploring is encompassing each TinyMCE instance with a ledgend + fieldset but testing this out with JAWS 9.0 it doesn't seem to make any difference unless the fieldset contains form elements (e.g. input, type=text) and JAWS is in forms mode.
There is an emerging standard for exactly this kind of problem: ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications). It's still a working draft, but support is beginning to show up in recent screen readers (JAWS 9, recent versions of NVDA) when used with recent browsers (IE 9, Firefox 3.6 (partial) and 4.0, Chrome).
In this particular case, take a look at aria-label and aria-labelledby. These are attributes which would be added to the BODY element in TinyMCE's widget -- or to the IFRAME, whichever of the two actually takes focus when the user is entering data. Thus:
<body aria-label="Edit document">
The aria-label attribute just specifies a string that serves as the label. The aria-labelledby (note the two L's, as per British spelling) works like the traditional LABEL element in reverse. That is, you feed it an ID:
<body aria-labelledby="edit-label">
And then you would have this someplace else in the code:
<label id="edit-label">Edit document</label>
It doesn't necessarily have to be a LABEL element, you could use a SPAN or whatever, but LABEL seems semantically appropriate.
ARIA attributes will not validate under HTML 4, or XHTML DTD's. However, they WILL validate under HTML 5 (itself still in development). If validation is important to you under an older DTD, you can add the attributes programmatically using JavaScript when the page has loaded.
Ideally, if you have a visible label for the widget already, then you should be using aria-labelledby to prevent redundancy. However, I have no idea if it'll work across document boundaries. That is, if the BODY is in an IFRAME, and the visible label is defined in the IFRAME's parent document, I don't know if it'll work. The browser/screen reader may treat the two as separate documents which don't talk to one another. You'll have to experiment to find out. But if it turns out they don't work, try http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/states_and_properties#aria-hidden. Thus, in the parent document:
<label aria-hidden="true">Edit document</label>
And in the TinyMCE document:
<body aria-label="Edit document">
The aria-hidden attribute will prevent the label in the parent document from being read, and the aria-label attribute in the child document (which is not visible) will take its place. Voila, a widget labeled both visibly and audibly with no redundant reading.
If you use aria-hidden this way, be very careful that the bit you're hiding (or an equivalent) is always made available for reading someplace else.
This solution will only work for people using web browsers and screen readers that support ARIA. People with older screen readers or browsers will be out of luck, which is discussed at length in the recent article on A List Apart, The Accessibility of WAI ARIA. The author makes a good case for preferring traditional semantic HTML solutions whenever possible; but in your case I don't think you have any other option. At the very least, adding ARIA attributes will let you reasonably claim that you've done your due diligence and made a good faith effort to make it as accessible as possible.
Good luck!
Note to far future readers: The links to the ARIA specification given here refer to the September 2010 working draft. If it's been more than a few months since then, check for more recent specs.
Using the information Will Martin provided regarding the aria-label attribut, I wrote the following line of code which works for TinyCME 4:
tinymce.init({
…
init_instance_callback: function(editor) {
jQuery(editor.getBody()).attr('aria-label', jQuery('label[for="' + editor.id + '"]').text())
}
});
It uses the callback function triggered after initialisation of the editor.
There has to be a label targeted at the original element on which TinyMCE is call upon, in my case a textarea. e.g.:
<label for="id_of_textarea">Shiny wysiwyg editor"</label><textarea id="id_of_textarea"></textarea>
The content of the label (text only) is added as aria-label attribute to the body tag inside the TinyMCE-iframe.
OSX screenreader is propperly returing the label when selecting the TinyMCE
Some inspiration from TinyMCE: How bind on event after its initialized
If I read the specs right, the for property must indeed point to another control on the same page, as you already say.
Therefore, I think the only valid option is to point the for attribute to the <textarea> element that TinyMCE replaces. It makes the most sense, seeing as that element gets sent to the server when editing is finished.
In the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines is states that you should supply a "skip" link that jumps you (for example) over a navigation block and straight into the content. This is particularly useful for impaired users who use a screen-reader to describe a page audibly.
6.2 Grouping and bypassing links WCAG Guidelines
However, this technique relies on using the name attribute on an anchor tag:
<h2><a name="content">Content</a></h2>
Along with the skip-to link:
Skip to content
The problem is, the "name" attribute of the anchor tag is obsolete in HTML5. HTML Obsolete Features
Is there any other way to achieve this "skip to" functionality without using the name attribute?
Footnote: The status of the HTML5 specification in still in draft and it is possible that the name attribute will actually continue to be allowed in this scenario - although it will probably still generate a "warning". It has currently been marked as "obsolete but conforming", which means you COULD still use it - however, I would like to know of other ways to perform the "skip to" to see if there is a way to do it that doesn't rely on an obsolete attribute.
Instead of using <a> tags, you can use any element with the id attribute:
<h2 id="content">Content</h2>
Skip to content
EDIT, found you a source (albeit it's Wikipedia ;-)):
Alternatively (and sometimes concurrently), with the name or id attributes set, the element becomes a target. A Uniform Resource Locator can link to this target via a fragment identifier. Any element can now be made into an anchor by using the id attribute,[2] so using <a name="foo"> is not necessary.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_element#Anchor