Related
I'd like to display raw HTML. We all know one has to escape each "<" and ">" like this:
<PRE> this is a test <DIV> </PRE>
However, I do not want to do this. I'd like a way to keep the HTML code as is (since it is easier to read, (inside the editor) and I might want to copy it and use it again myself as actual HTML code, and do not want to have to change it again or have two versions of the same code, one escaped and one not escaped.
Is there any other environment that is more "raw" than PRE that might allow this? So one does not have to keep editing HTML and changing everything each time they want to show some raw HTML code, maybe in HTML5?
Something like <REALLY_REALLY_VERBATIM> ...... </<REALLY_REALLY_VERBATIM>
The JavaScript solution does not work on Firefox 21, here is a screenshot:
The first solution still does not work on Firefox, here is a screenshot:
You can use the xmp element, see What was the <XMP> tag used for?. It has been in HTML since the beginning and is supported by all browsers. Specifications frown upon it, but HTML5 CR still describes it and requires browsers to support it (though it also tells authors not to use it, but it cannot really prevent you).
Everything inside xmp is taken as such, no markup (tags or character references) is recognized there, except, for apparent reason, the end tag of the element itself, </xmp>.
Otherwise xmp is rendered like pre.
When using “real XHTML”, i.e. XHTML served with an XML media type (which is rare), the special parsing rules do not apply, so xmp is treated like pre. But in “real XHTML”, you can use a CDATA section, which implies similar parsing rules. It has no special formatting, so you would probably want to wrap it inside a pre element:
<pre><![CDATA[
This is a demo, tags like <p> will
appear literally.
]]></pre>
I don’t see how you could combine xmp and CDATA section to achieve so-called polyglot markup
Essentially the original question can be broken down in 2 parts:
Main objective/challenge: embedding(/transporting) a raw formatted code-snippet
(any kind of code) in a web-page's markup (for simple copy/paste/edit due to no
encoding/escaping)
correctly displaying/rendering that code-snippet (possibly edit it) in the
browser
The short (but) ambiguous answer is: you can't, ...but you can (get very close).
(I know, that are 3 contradicting answers, so read on...)
(polyglot)(x)(ht)ml Markup-languages rely on wrapping (almost) everything between begin/opening and end/closing tags/character(sequences).
So, to embed any kind of raw code/snippet inside your markup-language, one will always have to escape/encode every instance (inside that snippet) that resembles the character(-sequence) that would close the wrapping 'container' element in the markup. (During this post I'll refer to this as rule no 1.)
Think of "some "data" here" or <i>..close italics with '</i>'-tag</i>, where it is obvious one should escape/encode (something in) </i and " (or change container's quote-character from " to ').
So, because of rule no 1, you can't 'just' embed 'any' unknown raw code-snippet inside markup.
Because, if one has to escape/encode even one character inside the raw snippet, then that snippet would no longer be the same original 'pure raw code' that anyone can copy/paste/edit in the document's markup without further thought. It would lead to malformed/illegal markup and Mojibake (mainly) because of entities.
Also, should that snippet contain such characters, you'd still need some javascript to 'translate' that character(sequence) from (and to) it's escaped/encoded representation to display the snippet correctly in the 'webpage' (for copy/paste/edit).
That brings us to (some of) the datatypes that markup-languages specify. These datatypes essentially define what are considered 'valid characters' and their meaning (per tag, property, etc.):
PCDATA (Parsed Character DATA): will expand entities and one must
escape <, & (and > depending on markup language/version).
Most tags like body, div, pre, etc, but also textarea (until
HTML5) fall under this type.
So not only do you need to encode all the container's closing character-sequences
inside the snippet, you also have to encode all <, & (,>) characters
(at minimum).
Needless to say, encoding/escaping this many characters falls outside this
objective's scope of embedding a raw snippet in the markup.
'..But a textarea seems to work...', yes, either because of the browsers
error-engine trying to make something out of it, or because HTML5:
RCDATA (Replaceable Character DATA): will not not treat tags inside the
text as markup (but are still governed by rule 1), so one doesn't need to
encode < (>). BUT entities are still expanded, so they and 'ambiguous
ampersands' (&) need special care.
The current HTML5 spec says the textarea is now a RCDATA field and (quote):
The text in raw text and RCDATA elements must not contain any
occurrences of the string "</" (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+002F SOLIDUS)
followed by characters that case-insensitively match the tag name of
the element followed by one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab),
U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN
(CR), U+0020 SPACE, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>), or U+002F SOLIDUS (/).
Thus no matter what, textarea needs a hefty entity translation handler or
it will eventually Mojibake on entities!
CDATA (Character Data) will not treat tags inside the text as
markup and will not expand entities.
So as long as the raw snippet code does not violate rule 1 (that one can't
have the containers closing character(sequence) inside the snippet), this
requires no other escaping/encoding.
Clearly this boils down to: how can we minimize the number of characters/character-sequences that still need to be encoded in the snippet's raw source and the number of times that character(sequence) might appear in an average snippet; something that is also of importance for the javascript that handles the translation of these characters (if they occur).
So what 'containers' have this CDATA context?
Most value properties of tags are CDATA, so one could (ab)use a hidden input's value property (proof of concept jsfiddle here).
However (conform rule 1) this creates an encoding/escape problem with nested quotes (" and ') in the raw snippet and one needs some javascript to get/translate and set the snippet in another (visible) element (or simply setting it as a text-area's value). Somehow this gave me problems with entities in FF (just like in a textarea). But it doesn't really matter, since the 'price' of having to escape/encode nested quotes is higher then a (HTML5) textarea (quotes are quite common in source code..).
What about trying to (ab)use <![CDATA[<tag>bla & bla</tag>]]>?
As Jukka points out in his extended answer, this would only work in (rare) 'real xhtml'.
I thought of using a script-tag (with or without such a CDATA wrapper inside the script-tag) together with a multi-line comment /* */ that wraps the raw snippet (script-tags can have an id and you can access them by count). But since this obviously introduces a escaping problem with */, ]]> and </script in the raw snippet, this doesn't seem like a solution either.
Please post other viable 'containers' in the comments to this answer.
By the way, encoding or counting the number of - characters and balancing them out inside a comment tag <!-- --> is just insane for this purpose (apart from rule 1).
That leaves us with Jukka K. Korpela's excellent answer: the <xmp> tag seems the best option!
The 'forgotten' <xmp> holds CDATA, is intended for this purpose AND is indeed still in the current HTML 5 spec (and has been at least since HTML3.2); exactly what we need! It's also widely supported, even in IE6 (that is.. until it suffers from the same regression as the scrolling table-body).
Note: as Jukka pointed out, this will not work in true xhtml or polyglot (that will treat it as a pre) and the xmp tag must still adhere to rule no 1. But that's the 'only' rule.
Consider the following markup:
<!-- ATTENTION: replace any occurrence of </xmp with </xmp -->
<xmp id="snippet-container">
<div>
<div>this is an example div & holds an xmp tag:<br />
<xmp>
<html><head> <!-- indentation col 0!! -->
<title>My Title</title>
</head><body>
<p>hello world !!</p>
</body></html>
</xmp> <!-- note this encoded/escaped tag -->
</div>
This line is also part of the snippet
</div>
</xmp>
The above codeblok illustrates a raw piece of markup where <xmp id="snippet-container"> contains an (almost raw) code-snippet (containing div>div>xmp>html-document).
Notice the encoded closing tag in this markup? To comply with rule no 1, this was encoded/escaped).
So embedding/transporting the (sometimes almost) raw code is/seems solved.
What about displaying/rendering the snippet (and that encoded </xmp>)?
The browser will (or it should) render the snippet (the contents inside snippet-container) exactly the way you see it in the codeblock above (with some discrepancy amongst browsers whether or not the snippet starts with a blank line).
That includes the formatting/indentation, entities (like the string &), full tags, comments AND the encoded closing tag </xmp> (just like it was encoded in the markup). And depending on browser(version) one could even try use the property contenteditable="true" to edit this snippet (all that without javascript enabled). Doing something like textarea.value=xmp.innerHTML is also a breeze.
So you can... if the snippet doesn't contain the containers closing character-sequence.
However, should a raw snippet contain the closing character-sequence </xmp (because it is an example of xmp itself or it contains some regex, etc), you must accept that you have to encode/escape that sequence in the raw snippet AND need a javascript handler to translate that encoding to display/render the encoded </xmp> like </xmp> inside a textarea (for editing/posting) or (for example) a pre just to correctly render the snippet's code (or so it seems).
A very rudimentary jsfiddle example of this here. Note that getting/embedding/displaying/retrieving-to-textarea worked perfect even in IE6. But setting the xmp's innerHTML revealed some interesting 'would-be-intelligent' behavior on IE's part. There is a more extensive note and workaround on that in the fiddle.
But now comes the important kicker (another reason why you only get very close):
Just as an over-simplified example, imagine this rabbit-hole:
Intended raw code-snippet:
<!-- remember to translate between </xmp> and </xmp> -->
<xmp>
<p>a paragraph</p>
</xmp>
Well, to comply with rule 1, we 'only' need to encode those </xmp[> \n\r\t\f\/] sequences, right?
So that gives us the following markup (using just a possible encoding):
<xmp id="container">
<!-- remember to translate between </xmp> and </xmp> -->
<xmp>
<p>a paragraph</p>
</xmp>
</xmp>
Hmm.. shalt I get my crystal ball or flip a coin? No, let the computer look at its system-clock and state that a derived number is 'random'. Yes, that should do it..
Using a regex like: xmp.innerHTML.replace(/<(?=\/xmp[> \n\r\t\f\/])/gi, '<');, would translate 'back' to this:
<!-- remember to translate between </xmp> and </xmp> -->
<xmp>
<p>a paragraph</p>
</xmp>
Hmm.. seems this random generator is broken... Houston..?
Should you have missed the joke/problem, read again starting at the 'intended raw code-snippet'.
Wait, I know, we (also) need to encode .... to ....
Ok, rewind to 'intended raw code-snippet' and read again.
Somehow this all begins to smell like the famous hilarious-but-true rexgex-answer on SO, a good read for people fluent in mojibake.
Maybe someone knows a clever algorithm or solution to fix this problem, but I assume that the embedded raw code will get more and more obscure to the point where you'd be better of properly escaping/encoding just your <, & (and >), just like the rest of the world.
Conclusion: (using the xmp tag)
it can be done with known snippets that do not contain the container's closing character-sequence,
we can get very close to the original objective with known snippets that only use 'basic first-level' escaping/encoding so we don't fall in the rabbithole,
but ultimately it seems that one can't do this reliably in a 'production-environment' where people can/should copy/paste/edit 'any unknown' raw snippets while not knowing/understanding the implications/rules/rabbithole (depending on your implementation of handling/translating for rule 1 and the rabbit-hole).
Hope this helps!
PS:
Whilst I would appreciate an upvote if you find this explanation useful, I kind of think Jukka's answer should be the accepted answer (should no better option/answer come along), since he was the one who remembered the xmp tag (that I forgot about over the years and got 'distracted' by the commonly advocated PCDATA elements like pre, textarea, etc.).
This answer originated in explaining why you can't do it (with any unknown raw snippet) and explain some obvious pitfalls that some other (now deleted) answers overlooked when advising a textarea for embedding/transport. I've expanded my existing explanation to also support and further explain Jukka's answer (since all that entity and *CDATA stuff is almost harder than code-pages).
Cheap and cheerful answer:
<textarea>Some raw content</textarea>
The textarea will handle tabs, multiple spaces, newlines, line wrapping all verbatim.
It copies and pastes nicely and its valid HTML all the way. It also allows the user to resize the code box.
You don't need any CSS, JS, escaping, encoding.
You can alter the appearance and behaviour as well.
Here's a monospace font, editing disabled, smaller font, no border:
<textarea
style="width:100%; font-family: Monospace; font-size:10px; border:0;"
rows="30" disabled
>Some raw content</textarea>
This solution is probably not semantically correct. So if you need that, it might be best to choose a more sophisticated answer.
xmp is the way to go, i.e.:
<xmp>
# your code...
</xmp>
echo '<pre>' . htmlspecialchars("<div><b>raw HTML</b></div>") . '</pre>';
I think that's what you're looking for?
In other words, use htmlspecialchars() in PHP
#GitaarLAB and #Jukka elaborate that <xmp> tag is obsolete, but still the best. When I use it like this
<xmp>
<div>Lorem ipsum</div>
<p>Hello</p>
</xmp>
then the first EOL is inserted in the code, and it looks awful.
It can be solved by removing that EOL
<xmp><div>Lorem ipsum</div>
<p>Hello</p>
</xmp>
but then it looks bad in the source. I used to solve it with wrapping <div>, but recently I figured out a nice CSS3 rule, I hope it also helps somebody:
xmp { margin: 5px 0; padding: 0 5px 5px 5px; background: #CCC; }
xmp:before { content: ""; display: block; height: 1em; margin: 0 -5px -2em -5px; }
This looks better.
If you have jQuery enabled you can use an escapeXml function and not have to worry about escaping arrows or special characters.
<pre>
${fn:escapeXml('
<!-- all your code -->
')};
</pre>
<code> tag is the good way because <xmp> and <pre> tags not support line wrapping
echo '<code>' . htmlspecialchars("<div><b>hello world</b></div>") . '</code>';
In HTML5, if you include <pre> for example on a paragraph text, the result won't display '<pre>' on the paragraph, and it will run the command <pre> on the words after it.
What I have to do display texts including signs like " " or <> on a text, without running the command.
How can I accomplish this?
What you're looking for are known as HTML entities: characters that are reserved, and which automatically get parsed to the the relevant HTML. Using these tags allow you to write out the entities that would usually automatically get parsed as HTML.
For example, attempting to write out the <pre> tag within a parent <pre> tag will normally result in the inner tag being treated as HTML:
<pre><pre>The relevant tags surround this text</pre></pre>
Though using the HTML entities < and > for the left and right bracket respectively parses the entities as HTML, where they get displayed as text:
<pre><pre>The relevant tags surround this text</pre></pre>
A full list of HTML entities can be found here.
Hope this helps! :)
The 'best' way is to replace every < and > element with < and >:
But if you want to do it fast, you can use the xmp tag. It's deprecated but is still supported by all browsers
<xmp>
<div>Lorem ipsum</div>
<p>Hello</p>
</xmp>
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/xmp
You need to escape the provided content to display it as-is, without it being interpreted as HTML.
https://github.com/sindresorhus/escape-goat
This involves taking the reserved characters for the given language (e.g. HTML) and converting them to a representation that either uses an escape sequence or only uses unreserved characters.
In this case, HTML prescribes the use of entities to display characters that would otherwise be used by the syntax for tags and attributes within the source code itself.
I'd like to display raw HTML. We all know one has to escape each "<" and ">" like this:
<PRE> this is a test <DIV> </PRE>
However, I do not want to do this. I'd like a way to keep the HTML code as is (since it is easier to read, (inside the editor) and I might want to copy it and use it again myself as actual HTML code, and do not want to have to change it again or have two versions of the same code, one escaped and one not escaped.
Is there any other environment that is more "raw" than PRE that might allow this? So one does not have to keep editing HTML and changing everything each time they want to show some raw HTML code, maybe in HTML5?
Something like <REALLY_REALLY_VERBATIM> ...... </<REALLY_REALLY_VERBATIM>
The JavaScript solution does not work on Firefox 21, here is a screenshot:
The first solution still does not work on Firefox, here is a screenshot:
You can use the xmp element, see What was the <XMP> tag used for?. It has been in HTML since the beginning and is supported by all browsers. Specifications frown upon it, but HTML5 CR still describes it and requires browsers to support it (though it also tells authors not to use it, but it cannot really prevent you).
Everything inside xmp is taken as such, no markup (tags or character references) is recognized there, except, for apparent reason, the end tag of the element itself, </xmp>.
Otherwise xmp is rendered like pre.
When using “real XHTML”, i.e. XHTML served with an XML media type (which is rare), the special parsing rules do not apply, so xmp is treated like pre. But in “real XHTML”, you can use a CDATA section, which implies similar parsing rules. It has no special formatting, so you would probably want to wrap it inside a pre element:
<pre><![CDATA[
This is a demo, tags like <p> will
appear literally.
]]></pre>
I don’t see how you could combine xmp and CDATA section to achieve so-called polyglot markup
Essentially the original question can be broken down in 2 parts:
Main objective/challenge: embedding(/transporting) a raw formatted code-snippet
(any kind of code) in a web-page's markup (for simple copy/paste/edit due to no
encoding/escaping)
correctly displaying/rendering that code-snippet (possibly edit it) in the
browser
The short (but) ambiguous answer is: you can't, ...but you can (get very close).
(I know, that are 3 contradicting answers, so read on...)
(polyglot)(x)(ht)ml Markup-languages rely on wrapping (almost) everything between begin/opening and end/closing tags/character(sequences).
So, to embed any kind of raw code/snippet inside your markup-language, one will always have to escape/encode every instance (inside that snippet) that resembles the character(-sequence) that would close the wrapping 'container' element in the markup. (During this post I'll refer to this as rule no 1.)
Think of "some "data" here" or <i>..close italics with '</i>'-tag</i>, where it is obvious one should escape/encode (something in) </i and " (or change container's quote-character from " to ').
So, because of rule no 1, you can't 'just' embed 'any' unknown raw code-snippet inside markup.
Because, if one has to escape/encode even one character inside the raw snippet, then that snippet would no longer be the same original 'pure raw code' that anyone can copy/paste/edit in the document's markup without further thought. It would lead to malformed/illegal markup and Mojibake (mainly) because of entities.
Also, should that snippet contain such characters, you'd still need some javascript to 'translate' that character(sequence) from (and to) it's escaped/encoded representation to display the snippet correctly in the 'webpage' (for copy/paste/edit).
That brings us to (some of) the datatypes that markup-languages specify. These datatypes essentially define what are considered 'valid characters' and their meaning (per tag, property, etc.):
PCDATA (Parsed Character DATA): will expand entities and one must
escape <, & (and > depending on markup language/version).
Most tags like body, div, pre, etc, but also textarea (until
HTML5) fall under this type.
So not only do you need to encode all the container's closing character-sequences
inside the snippet, you also have to encode all <, & (,>) characters
(at minimum).
Needless to say, encoding/escaping this many characters falls outside this
objective's scope of embedding a raw snippet in the markup.
'..But a textarea seems to work...', yes, either because of the browsers
error-engine trying to make something out of it, or because HTML5:
RCDATA (Replaceable Character DATA): will not not treat tags inside the
text as markup (but are still governed by rule 1), so one doesn't need to
encode < (>). BUT entities are still expanded, so they and 'ambiguous
ampersands' (&) need special care.
The current HTML5 spec says the textarea is now a RCDATA field and (quote):
The text in raw text and RCDATA elements must not contain any
occurrences of the string "</" (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+002F SOLIDUS)
followed by characters that case-insensitively match the tag name of
the element followed by one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab),
U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN
(CR), U+0020 SPACE, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>), or U+002F SOLIDUS (/).
Thus no matter what, textarea needs a hefty entity translation handler or
it will eventually Mojibake on entities!
CDATA (Character Data) will not treat tags inside the text as
markup and will not expand entities.
So as long as the raw snippet code does not violate rule 1 (that one can't
have the containers closing character(sequence) inside the snippet), this
requires no other escaping/encoding.
Clearly this boils down to: how can we minimize the number of characters/character-sequences that still need to be encoded in the snippet's raw source and the number of times that character(sequence) might appear in an average snippet; something that is also of importance for the javascript that handles the translation of these characters (if they occur).
So what 'containers' have this CDATA context?
Most value properties of tags are CDATA, so one could (ab)use a hidden input's value property (proof of concept jsfiddle here).
However (conform rule 1) this creates an encoding/escape problem with nested quotes (" and ') in the raw snippet and one needs some javascript to get/translate and set the snippet in another (visible) element (or simply setting it as a text-area's value). Somehow this gave me problems with entities in FF (just like in a textarea). But it doesn't really matter, since the 'price' of having to escape/encode nested quotes is higher then a (HTML5) textarea (quotes are quite common in source code..).
What about trying to (ab)use <![CDATA[<tag>bla & bla</tag>]]>?
As Jukka points out in his extended answer, this would only work in (rare) 'real xhtml'.
I thought of using a script-tag (with or without such a CDATA wrapper inside the script-tag) together with a multi-line comment /* */ that wraps the raw snippet (script-tags can have an id and you can access them by count). But since this obviously introduces a escaping problem with */, ]]> and </script in the raw snippet, this doesn't seem like a solution either.
Please post other viable 'containers' in the comments to this answer.
By the way, encoding or counting the number of - characters and balancing them out inside a comment tag <!-- --> is just insane for this purpose (apart from rule 1).
That leaves us with Jukka K. Korpela's excellent answer: the <xmp> tag seems the best option!
The 'forgotten' <xmp> holds CDATA, is intended for this purpose AND is indeed still in the current HTML 5 spec (and has been at least since HTML3.2); exactly what we need! It's also widely supported, even in IE6 (that is.. until it suffers from the same regression as the scrolling table-body).
Note: as Jukka pointed out, this will not work in true xhtml or polyglot (that will treat it as a pre) and the xmp tag must still adhere to rule no 1. But that's the 'only' rule.
Consider the following markup:
<!-- ATTENTION: replace any occurrence of </xmp with </xmp -->
<xmp id="snippet-container">
<div>
<div>this is an example div & holds an xmp tag:<br />
<xmp>
<html><head> <!-- indentation col 0!! -->
<title>My Title</title>
</head><body>
<p>hello world !!</p>
</body></html>
</xmp> <!-- note this encoded/escaped tag -->
</div>
This line is also part of the snippet
</div>
</xmp>
The above codeblok illustrates a raw piece of markup where <xmp id="snippet-container"> contains an (almost raw) code-snippet (containing div>div>xmp>html-document).
Notice the encoded closing tag in this markup? To comply with rule no 1, this was encoded/escaped).
So embedding/transporting the (sometimes almost) raw code is/seems solved.
What about displaying/rendering the snippet (and that encoded </xmp>)?
The browser will (or it should) render the snippet (the contents inside snippet-container) exactly the way you see it in the codeblock above (with some discrepancy amongst browsers whether or not the snippet starts with a blank line).
That includes the formatting/indentation, entities (like the string &), full tags, comments AND the encoded closing tag </xmp> (just like it was encoded in the markup). And depending on browser(version) one could even try use the property contenteditable="true" to edit this snippet (all that without javascript enabled). Doing something like textarea.value=xmp.innerHTML is also a breeze.
So you can... if the snippet doesn't contain the containers closing character-sequence.
However, should a raw snippet contain the closing character-sequence </xmp (because it is an example of xmp itself or it contains some regex, etc), you must accept that you have to encode/escape that sequence in the raw snippet AND need a javascript handler to translate that encoding to display/render the encoded </xmp> like </xmp> inside a textarea (for editing/posting) or (for example) a pre just to correctly render the snippet's code (or so it seems).
A very rudimentary jsfiddle example of this here. Note that getting/embedding/displaying/retrieving-to-textarea worked perfect even in IE6. But setting the xmp's innerHTML revealed some interesting 'would-be-intelligent' behavior on IE's part. There is a more extensive note and workaround on that in the fiddle.
But now comes the important kicker (another reason why you only get very close):
Just as an over-simplified example, imagine this rabbit-hole:
Intended raw code-snippet:
<!-- remember to translate between </xmp> and </xmp> -->
<xmp>
<p>a paragraph</p>
</xmp>
Well, to comply with rule 1, we 'only' need to encode those </xmp[> \n\r\t\f\/] sequences, right?
So that gives us the following markup (using just a possible encoding):
<xmp id="container">
<!-- remember to translate between </xmp> and </xmp> -->
<xmp>
<p>a paragraph</p>
</xmp>
</xmp>
Hmm.. shalt I get my crystal ball or flip a coin? No, let the computer look at its system-clock and state that a derived number is 'random'. Yes, that should do it..
Using a regex like: xmp.innerHTML.replace(/<(?=\/xmp[> \n\r\t\f\/])/gi, '<');, would translate 'back' to this:
<!-- remember to translate between </xmp> and </xmp> -->
<xmp>
<p>a paragraph</p>
</xmp>
Hmm.. seems this random generator is broken... Houston..?
Should you have missed the joke/problem, read again starting at the 'intended raw code-snippet'.
Wait, I know, we (also) need to encode .... to ....
Ok, rewind to 'intended raw code-snippet' and read again.
Somehow this all begins to smell like the famous hilarious-but-true rexgex-answer on SO, a good read for people fluent in mojibake.
Maybe someone knows a clever algorithm or solution to fix this problem, but I assume that the embedded raw code will get more and more obscure to the point where you'd be better of properly escaping/encoding just your <, & (and >), just like the rest of the world.
Conclusion: (using the xmp tag)
it can be done with known snippets that do not contain the container's closing character-sequence,
we can get very close to the original objective with known snippets that only use 'basic first-level' escaping/encoding so we don't fall in the rabbithole,
but ultimately it seems that one can't do this reliably in a 'production-environment' where people can/should copy/paste/edit 'any unknown' raw snippets while not knowing/understanding the implications/rules/rabbithole (depending on your implementation of handling/translating for rule 1 and the rabbit-hole).
Hope this helps!
PS:
Whilst I would appreciate an upvote if you find this explanation useful, I kind of think Jukka's answer should be the accepted answer (should no better option/answer come along), since he was the one who remembered the xmp tag (that I forgot about over the years and got 'distracted' by the commonly advocated PCDATA elements like pre, textarea, etc.).
This answer originated in explaining why you can't do it (with any unknown raw snippet) and explain some obvious pitfalls that some other (now deleted) answers overlooked when advising a textarea for embedding/transport. I've expanded my existing explanation to also support and further explain Jukka's answer (since all that entity and *CDATA stuff is almost harder than code-pages).
Cheap and cheerful answer:
<textarea>Some raw content</textarea>
The textarea will handle tabs, multiple spaces, newlines, line wrapping all verbatim.
It copies and pastes nicely and its valid HTML all the way. It also allows the user to resize the code box.
You don't need any CSS, JS, escaping, encoding.
You can alter the appearance and behaviour as well.
Here's a monospace font, editing disabled, smaller font, no border:
<textarea
style="width:100%; font-family: Monospace; font-size:10px; border:0;"
rows="30" disabled
>Some raw content</textarea>
This solution is probably not semantically correct. So if you need that, it might be best to choose a more sophisticated answer.
xmp is the way to go, i.e.:
<xmp>
# your code...
</xmp>
echo '<pre>' . htmlspecialchars("<div><b>raw HTML</b></div>") . '</pre>';
I think that's what you're looking for?
In other words, use htmlspecialchars() in PHP
#GitaarLAB and #Jukka elaborate that <xmp> tag is obsolete, but still the best. When I use it like this
<xmp>
<div>Lorem ipsum</div>
<p>Hello</p>
</xmp>
then the first EOL is inserted in the code, and it looks awful.
It can be solved by removing that EOL
<xmp><div>Lorem ipsum</div>
<p>Hello</p>
</xmp>
but then it looks bad in the source. I used to solve it with wrapping <div>, but recently I figured out a nice CSS3 rule, I hope it also helps somebody:
xmp { margin: 5px 0; padding: 0 5px 5px 5px; background: #CCC; }
xmp:before { content: ""; display: block; height: 1em; margin: 0 -5px -2em -5px; }
This looks better.
If you have jQuery enabled you can use an escapeXml function and not have to worry about escaping arrows or special characters.
<pre>
${fn:escapeXml('
<!-- all your code -->
')};
</pre>
<code> tag is the good way because <xmp> and <pre> tags not support line wrapping
echo '<code>' . htmlspecialchars("<div><b>hello world</b></div>") . '</code>';
I am currently creating a webpage to teach others HTML. In my HTML document, I want to make a paragraph like, "Start with html, and end with /html". The html and /html should have <> tags around them, but I don't know how to do this! (this is my question) The document just leaves html and /html (with <> around them) out. How do I make sure that the document leaves it in?
Thank you.
Use HTML entities
To write the characters < and > use < and >
This gives you:
<html> and </html>
Rendered as:
<html> and </html>
This is called HTML Entities. A more complete list can be found here or on wikipedia.
In HTML, there is a standard set of 252 named character entities for
characters - some common, some obscure - that are either not found in
certain character encodings or are markup sensitive in some contexts
(for example angle brackets and quotation marks). Although any Unicode
character can be referenced by its numeric code point, some HTML
document authors prefer to use these named entities instead, where
possible, as they are less cryptic and were better supported by early
browsers. Character entities can be included in an HTML document via
the use of entity references, which take the form &EntityName;, where
EntityName is the name of the entity. For example, —, much like
— or —, represents U+2014: the em dash character "—" even
if the character encoding used doesn't contain that character.
Use amp codes (HTML Entities)!
<p><html></p>
You can use the HTML entities: > for >, < for <.
If you want to display HTML tags replace all < and > with < and <
Example: <HTML>
use < for < and >for >
I have a HTML Tag <textarea>$FOO</textarea> and the $FOO Variable will be filled with arbitrary HTML and JavaScript Content, to be displayed and edited within the textarea. What kind of "escaping" do I neet to apply to $FOO?
I first tought of escaping it HTML but this didnt work (as I will then get shown not the original HTML Code of $FOO but rather the escaped content. This is of course not what I want: I want to be displayed the unescaped HTML/JS Content of the variable...
Is it impossible to display HTML Content within a <textarea> tag and also allow it to be editable as full HTML?
thanks
jens
I first tought of escaping it HTML
Yes, that's right. The contents of a <textarea> are no different from the contents of any other element like a <span> or a <p>: if you want to put some text inside you must HTML-escape any < or & characters in it to < and & respectively.
Browsers do tend to give you more leeway with fault markup in <textarea>s, in that the fallback for invalid unescaped < symbols is to render them as text instead of tags, but that doesn't make it any less wrong or dangerous (for XSS).
but this didnt work
Please post what you did that didn't work. HTML-escaping is definitely the right thing.
You need to replace the special character of HTML with character references (either numerical character references or entity references), in textarea, at least &, < and >.