There are a lot of cool tools for making powerful "single-page" JavaScript websites nowadays. In my opinion, this is done right by letting the server act as an API (and nothing more) and letting the client handle all of the HTML generation stuff. The problem with this "pattern" is the lack of search engine support. I can think of two solutions:
When the user enters the website, let the server render the page exactly as the client would upon navigation. So if I go to http://example.com/my_path directly the server would render the same thing as the client would if I go to /my_path through pushState.
Let the server provide a special website only for the search engine bots. If a normal user visits http://example.com/my_path the server should give him a JavaScript heavy version of the website. But if the Google bot visits, the server should give it some minimal HTML with the content I want Google to index.
The first solution is discussed further here. I have been working on a website doing this and it's not a very nice experience. It's not DRY and in my case I had to use two different template engines for the client and the server.
I think I have seen the second solution for some good ol' Flash websites. I like this approach much more than the first one and with the right tool on the server it could be done quite painlessly.
So what I'm really wondering is the following:
Can you think of any better solution?
What are the disadvantages with the second solution? If Google in some way finds out that I'm not serving the exact same content for the Google bot as a regular user, would I then be punished in the search results?
While #2 might be "easier" for you as a developer, it only provides search engine crawling. And yes, if Google finds out your serving different content, you might be penalized (I'm not an expert on that, but I have heard of it happening).
Both SEO and accessibility (not just for disabled person, but accessibility via mobile devices, touch screen devices, and other non-standard computing / internet enabled platforms) both have a similar underlying philosophy: semantically rich markup that is "accessible" (i.e. can be accessed, viewed, read, processed, or otherwise used) to all these different browsers. A screen reader, a search engine crawler or a user with JavaScript enabled, should all be able to use/index/understand your site's core functionality without issue.
pushState does not add to this burden, in my experience. It only brings what used to be an afterthought and "if we have time" to the forefront of web development.
What your describe in option #1 is usually the best way to go - but, like other accessibility and SEO issues, doing this with pushState in a JavaScript-heavy app requires up-front planning or it will become a significant burden. It should be baked in to the page and application architecture from the start - retrofitting is painful and will cause more duplication than is necessary.
I've been working with pushState and SEO recently for a couple of different application, and I found what I think is a good approach. It basically follows your item #1, but accounts for not duplicating html / templates.
Most of the info can be found in these two blog posts:
http://lostechies.com/derickbailey/2011/09/06/test-driving-backbone-views-with-jquery-templates-the-jasmine-gem-and-jasmine-jquery/
and
http://lostechies.com/derickbailey/2011/06/22/rendering-a-rails-partial-as-a-jquery-template/
The gist of it is that I use ERB or HAML templates (running Ruby on Rails, Sinatra, etc) for my server side render and to create the client side templates that Backbone can use, as well as for my Jasmine JavaScript specs. This cuts out the duplication of markup between the server side and the client side.
From there, you need to take a few additional steps to have your JavaScript work with the HTML that is rendered by the server - true progressive enhancement; taking the semantic markup that got delivered and enhancing it with JavaScript.
For example, i'm building an image gallery application with pushState. If you request /images/1 from the server, it will render the entire image gallery on the server and send all of the HTML, CSS and JavaScript down to your browser. If you have JavaScript disabled, it will work perfectly fine. Every action you take will request a different URL from the server and the server will render all of the markup for your browser. If you have JavaScript enabled, though, the JavaScript will pick up the already rendered HTML along with a few variables generated by the server and take over from there.
Here's an example:
<form id="foo">
Name: <input id="name"><button id="say">Say My Name!</button>
</form>
After the server renders this, the JavaScript would pick it up (using a Backbone.js view in this example)
FooView = Backbone.View.extend({
events: {
"change #name": "setName",
"click #say": "sayName"
},
setName: function(e){
var name = $(e.currentTarget).val();
this.model.set({name: name});
},
sayName: function(e){
e.preventDefault();
var name = this.model.get("name");
alert("Hello " + name);
},
render: function(){
// do some rendering here, for when this is just running JavaScript
}
});
$(function(){
var model = new MyModel();
var view = new FooView({
model: model,
el: $("#foo")
});
});
This is a very simple example, but I think it gets the point across.
When I instante the view after the page loads, I'm providing the existing content of the form that was rendered by the server, to the view instance as the el for the view. I am not calling render or having the view generate an el for me, when the first view is loaded. I have a render method available for after the view is up and running and the page is all JavaScript. This lets me re-render the view later if I need to.
Clicking the "Say My Name" button with JavaScript enabled will cause an alert box. Without JavaScript, it would post back to the server and the server could render the name to an html element somewhere.
Edit
Consider a more complex example, where you have a list that needs to be attached (from the comments below this)
Say you have a list of users in a <ul> tag. This list was rendered by the server when the browser made a request, and the result looks something like:
<ul id="user-list">
<li data-id="1">Bob
<li data-id="2">Mary
<li data-id="3">Frank
<li data-id="4">Jane
</ul>
Now you need to loop through this list and attach a Backbone view and model to each of the <li> items. With the use of the data-id attribute, you can find the model that each tag comes from easily. You'll then need a collection view and item view that is smart enough to attach itself to this html.
UserListView = Backbone.View.extend({
attach: function(){
this.el = $("#user-list");
this.$("li").each(function(index){
var userEl = $(this);
var id = userEl.attr("data-id");
var user = this.collection.get(id);
new UserView({
model: user,
el: userEl
});
});
}
});
UserView = Backbone.View.extend({
initialize: function(){
this.model.bind("change:name", this.updateName, this);
},
updateName: function(model, val){
this.el.text(val);
}
});
var userData = {...};
var userList = new UserCollection(userData);
var userListView = new UserListView({collection: userList});
userListView.attach();
In this example, the UserListView will loop through all of the <li> tags and attach a view object with the correct model for each one. it sets up an event handler for the model's name change event and updates the displayed text of the element when a change occurs.
This kind of process, to take the html that the server rendered and have my JavaScript take over and run it, is a great way to get things rolling for SEO, Accessibility, and pushState support.
Hope that helps.
I think you need this: http://code.google.com/web/ajaxcrawling/
You can also install a special backend that "renders" your page by running javascript on the server, and then serves that to google.
Combine both things and you have a solution without programming things twice. (As long as your app is fully controllable via anchor fragments.)
So, it seem that the main concern is being DRY
If you're using pushState have your server send the same exact code for all urls (that don't contain a file extension to serve images, etc.) "/mydir/myfile", "/myotherdir/myotherfile" or root "/" -- all requests receive the same exact code. You need to have some kind url rewrite engine. You can also serve a tiny bit of html and the rest can come from your CDN (using require.js to manage dependencies -- see https://stackoverflow.com/a/13813102/1595913).
(test the link's validity by converting the link to your url scheme and testing against existence of content by querying a static or a dynamic source. if it's not valid send a 404 response.)
When the request is not from a google bot, you just process normally.
If the request is from a google bot, you use phantom.js -- headless webkit browser ("A headless browser is simply a full-featured web browser with no visual interface.") to render html and javascript on the server and send the google bot the resulting html. As the bot parses the html it can hit your other "pushState" links /somepage on the server mylink, the server rewrites url to your application file, loads it in phantom.js and the resulting html is sent to the bot, and so on...
For your html I'm assuming you're using normal links with some kind of hijacking (e.g. using with backbone.js https://stackoverflow.com/a/9331734/1595913)
To avoid confusion with any links separate your api code that serves json into a separate subdomain, e.g. api.mysite.com
To improve performance you can pre-process your site pages for search engines ahead of time during off hours by creating static versions of the pages using the same mechanism with phantom.js and consequently serve the static pages to google bots. Preprocessing can be done with some simple app that can parse <a> tags. In this case handling 404 is easier since you can simply check for the existence of the static file with a name that contains url path.
If you use #! hash bang syntax for your site links a similar scenario applies, except that the rewrite url server engine would look out for _escaped_fragment_ in the url and would format the url to your url scheme.
There are a couple of integrations of node.js with phantom.js on github and you can use node.js as the web server to produce html output.
Here are a couple of examples using phantom.js for seo:
http://backbonetutorials.com/seo-for-single-page-apps/
http://thedigitalself.com/blog/seo-and-javascript-with-phantomjs-server-side-rendering
If you're using Rails, try poirot. It's a gem that makes it dead simple to reuse mustache or handlebars templates client and server side.
Create a file in your views like _some_thingy.html.mustache.
Render server side:
<%= render :partial => 'some_thingy', object: my_model %>
Put the template your head for client side use:
<%= template_include_tag 'some_thingy' %>
Rendre client side:
html = poirot.someThingy(my_model)
To take a slightly different angle, your second solution would be the correct one in terms of accessibility...you would be providing alternative content to users who cannot use javascript (those with screen readers, etc.).
This would automatically add the benefits of SEO and, in my opinion, would not be seen as a 'naughty' technique by Google.
Interesting. I have been searching around for viable solutions but it seems to be quite problematic.
I was actually leaning more towards your 2nd approach:
Let the server provide a special website only for the search engine
bots. If a normal user visits http://example.com/my_path the server
should give him a JavaScript heavy version of the website. But if the
Google bot visits, the server should give it some minimal HTML with
the content I want Google to index.
Here's my take on solving the problem. Although it is not confirmed to work, it might provide some insight or idea's for other developers.
Assume you're using a JS framework that supports "push state" functionality, and your backend framework is Ruby on Rails. You have a simple blog site and you would like search engines to index all your article index and show pages.
Let's say you have your routes set up like this:
resources :articles
match "*path", "main#index"
Ensure that every server-side controller renders the same template that your client-side framework requires to run (html/css/javascript/etc). If none of the controllers are matched in the request (in this example we only have a RESTful set of actions for the ArticlesController), then just match anything else and just render the template and let the client-side framework handle the routing. The only difference between hitting a controller and hitting the wildcard matcher would be the ability to render content based on the URL that was requested to JavaScript-disabled devices.
From what I understand it is a bad idea to render content that isn't visible to browsers. So when Google indexes it, people go through Google to visit a given page and there isn't any content, then you're probably going to be penalised. What comes to mind is that you render content in a div node that you display: none in CSS.
However, I'm pretty sure it doesn't matter if you simply do this:
<div id="no-js">
<h1><%= #article.title %></h1>
<p><%= #article.description %></p>
<p><%= #article.content %></p>
</div>
And then using JavaScript, which doesn't get run when a JavaScript-disabled device opens the page:
$("#no-js").remove() # jQuery
This way, for Google, and for anyone with JavaScript-disabled devices, they would see the raw/static content. So the content is physically there and is visible to anyone with JavaScript-disabled devices.
But, when a user visits the same page and actually has JavaScript enabled, the #no-js node will be removed so it doesn't clutter up your application. Then your client-side framework will handle the request through it's router and display what a user should see when JavaScript is enabled.
I think this might be a valid and fairly easy technique to use. Although that might depend on the complexity of your website/application.
Though, please correct me if it isn't. Just thought I'd share my thoughts.
Use NodeJS on the serverside, browserify your clientside code and route each http-request's(except for static http resources) uri through a serverside client to provide the first 'bootsnap'(a snapshot of the page it's state). Use something like jsdom to handle jquery dom-ops on the server. After the bootsnap returned, setup the websocket connection. Probably best to differentiate between a websocket client and a serverside client by making some kind of a wrapper connection on the clientside(serverside client can directly communicate with the server). I've been working on something like this: https://github.com/jvanveen/rnet/
Use Google Closure Template to render pages. It compiles to javascript or java, so it is easy to render the page either on the client or server side. On the first encounter with every client, render the html and add javascript as link in header. Crawler will read the html only but the browser will execute your script. All subsequent requests from the browser could be done in against the api to minimize the traffic.
This might help you : https://github.com/sharjeel619/SPA-SEO
Logic
A browser requests your single page application from the server,
which is going to be loaded from a single index.html file.
You program some intermediary server code which intercepts the client
request and differentiates whether the request came from a browser or
some social crawler bot.
If the request came from some crawler bot, make an API call to
your back-end server, gather the data you need, fill in that data to
html meta tags and return those tags in string format back to the
client.
If the request didn't come from some crawler bot, then simply
return the index.html file from the build or dist folder of your single page
application.
I'd like to use same page for all subdirectories in Razor pages.
I have this in startup:
services.AddRazorPages(options =>
{
options.Conventions.AddPageRoute("/test", "{path?}");
});
But this only matches first subdirectory, such as test/my. Is it possible to match "test/my/many/wishes" and similar requests?
I'd like to avoid url rewriting, as I think using the routing approach then also helps with link formatting etc.
I know, it's a basic one. But I couldn't find it at first - here it is for root:
options.Conventions.AddPageRoute("/index", "{*url}");
https://www.learnrazorpages.com/razor-pages/routing
DNN Platform 9.3.2 /
2sxc 10.25.2
I have a DNN website that uses 2sxc. I created a "Notification Bar" content type and c# razor template that I use to display special notifications to the user. This module is meant to display on every single page of the website. I used the "Add Existing Module" functionality to manually add the module to every page but it's a bit cumbersome and I run the risk that my Content Editors move the module by accident, delete, or forget to add it to new pages.
Is there a special 2sxc skin object that I can use inside of my .ascx DNN skin to load a 2sxc module so that I don't have to add it to every page through DNN? Apparently there is one in DNN OpenContent.
(More than just the notification bar, this would be super useful for the site's header or footer that gets occasionally updated. For example, social media links, contact info like address or phone number, or other links that aren't part of the DNN pages menu.)
There are two ways
create a pane for this specific module (it's the easiest to edit and work with) and just show the module on all pages
create the module on a hidden page and then inject it into the skin, using the Factory to get the CmsBlock - see https://docs.2sxc.org/api/dot-net/ToSic.Sxc.Dnn.Factory.html#ToSic_Sxc_Dnn_Factory_CmsBlock_System_Int32_System_Int32_
Daniel, this is how we did it in the past. I notice your call is similar but simpler (above in the comments). Is that because the API changed somewhere after v10?
<script runat="server">
// get 2sxc to Render() the output from the module on the SITE/Manage Flyout Links page
private IHtmlString RenderFlyoutMenu()
{
return ToSic.SexyContent.Environment.Dnn7.Factory.SxcInstanceForModule(3354, 606).Render();
}
</script>
<%=RenderFlyoutMenu() %>
I have a query regarding the data rendering of the different page at one place. As every page is build using many components and all the components data gets stored under jcr location of page ie. /jcr:content/par/{components list}. The data is properly rendering on this page.
Now I have a situation where I need to create a component to search the page(i.e unique product), if this product page is available in the repository, I need to render its data just under the search box. For this I am creating json which I will use to render the content after search found.
But if there is any other way i can include this component from the /par location of the page to just display the data as it is, rather than building json(of all the components data) and then reading it at the time of display.
I am wondering if we have any method to display all the components data by just including the /par/{components} on a page. This way I can speed up the development, and it looks faster way to display the content as well.
thanks in advance....
If you have static page, then you can go through list of search results (product resources) and include component, which renders product, for each of them. Like:
<c:forEach items="${productsList}" var="productPath">
<cq:include path="${productPath}" resourceType="/apps/you-project/components/product-component-name"/>
</c:forEach>
If you show results dynamically - then you can do ajax requests for product resources. Something like this:
var productHtml = CQ.shared.HTTP.get(productPath + ".html");
Or the same using JQuery. Then you can add html to your page.
However, with second approach you should add clientlibs from component /apps/you-project/components/product-component-name to search results page yourself, because they will not be loaded with ajax request.
I'm working with restangular ngroute and playframework and I'm trying to do my CRUD following this tutorial : http://plnkr.co/edit/d6yDka?p=info
the list.html and detail.html in the index page (in the tutorial), I have them all in customer.scala.html page which call the main page by using this : #main("MyApp") So all my controllers and models are defined in this main page.
So how can I do the routing, the way that when I click on a button I can call the link (localhost:9000/custd) definded here in my js page:
app.config(function($routeProvider, RestangularProvider) {
$routeProvider.
when('/custd', {
controller:ListCtrl,
templateUrl:'list.html'
}).
UPDATE:
this is the link in customer.scala.html
<li>Customers</li>
in the file Application.scala I have this:
def custDetail = Action {
Ok(views.html.custDetail("Your new application is ready."))
}
in routes I have this:
GET / controllers.Application.index
GET /custdetail controllers.Application.custDetail
so how can I link this : /custd (in the angular controller) with my html page
So I think you're jumping in at the deep end a bit here. If you don't understand how to make a simple play web app, and you don't understand how to make a simple angular app then it might not be the best idea trying to integrate both straight away (I tried the same thing when I was new to this and it was complicated!).
Why have you chosen Angular for this given job? If you are not planning to create a single page application (which it sounds like you're not), then just using play templating should be sufficient for your needs (ands there's lots of docs available!).
If you are adamant on using the two, angular routing is geared towards angular applications. Looking at the routing you've provided:
app.config(function($routeProvider, RestangularProvider) {
$routeProvider.
when('/custd', {
controller:ListCtrl,
templateUrl:'list.html'
}).
In this you have provided a controller and a template. These are in reference to Angular controllers html templates, not Play. If you're not sure on how Angular controllers work, Angular has great documentation:
https://docs.angularjs.org
You need to work out exactly what information you need from the server side, create an endpoint to serve that data to your Angular app (using AJAX calls). I know this is a high level answer but really integrating the two is quite complex and hard to summarise in a single reply. My advice would be focus on creating an Angular OR Play app, then once you have the basics down move to integrating the two, but be clear as to the reasons behind chosing your technology as it sounds like you may not be