SQL JOIN query issue provides inaccurate return - mysql

Question

I have spend hours searching for this specific issue on the site though many are close not address it completely. Please link it if it exists and I will happily take down this question.
I have two tables wb_states and wb_cities you can see by the keys:
composite state_code+country_code & city_id are distinctive for their respective tables.
OBJECTIVE: run a JOIN query to pull in the state_name from the wb_states table (in place of the state_code)
I always get the sql_mode=only_full_group_by ERROR unless I use the following
SELECT ANY_VALUE(c.city_id) as id,
ANY_VALUE(c.city_ascii) as ci,
ANY_VALUE(s.state_name_ascii) as ps,
ANY_VALUE(c.country_code) as co
FROM wb_cities AS c
JOIN wb_states AS s ON
s.state_code=c.state_code
WHERE c.city_ascii like 'aa%' GROUP BY id ORDER BY co,ps,ci ASC
Of course the query works but the moment we employ ANY_VALUE it fails.
Unique id 2959927 - city of Aalen belongs to only one province Baden-Wurttemberg. How do you construct this query? Thank you.
CREATE TABLE `wb_cities` (
`city_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`city_name` varchar(65) DEFAULT NULL,
`city_ascii` varchar(65) DEFAULT NULL,
`state_code` varchar(55) DEFAULT NULL,
`state_name_ascii` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`country_code` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`country_full` varchar(55) DEFAULT NULL,
`lat` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`lon` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`city_id`)
)
CREATE TABLE `wb_states` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`state_code` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`state_name` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`state_name_ascii` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`country_code` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`state_code`,`country_code`)
)
INSERT INTO `wb_cities` VALUES (14256,'Āzādshahr','Azadshahr','09','Hamadan','IR','Iran','34.79049','48.57011'),(18918,'Protaras','Protaras','01','Famagusta','CY','Cyprus','35.0125','34.05833'),(23814,'Kahrīz','Kahriz','13','Kermanshah','IR','Iran','34.3838','47.0553'),(24851,'Nūrābād','Nurabad','23','Lorestan','IR','Iran','34.0734','47.9725'),(32723,'Īstgāh-e Rāh Āhan-e Garmsār','Istgah-e Rah Ahan-e Garmsar','25','Semnan','IR','Iran','35.23455','52.30942'),(32767,'Qarchak','Qarchak','26','Tehran','IR','Iran','35.42867','51.57544'),(32909,'Shahre Jadide Andisheh','Shahre Jadide Andisheh','26','Tehran','IR','Iran','35.6803','51.0193'),(41210,'Khorramdarreh','Khorramdarreh','36','Zanjan Province','IR','Iran','36.20898','49.19152'),(50672,'Wanlaweyn','Wanlaweyn','14','Shabeellaha Hoose','SO','Somalia','2.6185','44.8938'),(52867,'Qoryooley','Qoryooley','14','Shabeellaha Hoose','SO','Somalia','1.78784','44.52999');
INSERT INTO `wb_states` VALUES (29,'00','Armenia','Armenia','AM'),(11,'00','Aruba','Aruba','AW'),(15,'00','Bosnia and Herzegovina','Bosnia and Herzegovina','BA'),(31,'00','Botswana','Botswana','BW'),(7,'00','Belarus','Belarus','BY'),(23,'00','Cook Islands','Cook Islands','CK'),(39,'00','Christmas Island','Christmas Island','CX'),(4,'00','Czech Republic','Czech Republic','CZ'),(17,'00','Western Sahara','Western Sahara','EH'),(10,'00','Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)','Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)','FK'),(26,'00','Abkhazia','Abkhazia','GE'),(27,'00','Ghana','Ghana','GH'),(37,'00','Gibraltar','Gibraltar','GI'),(3,'00','Equatorial Guinea','Equatorial Guinea','GQ'),(16,'00','South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands','South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands','GS'),(28,'00','Hong Kong','Hong Kong','HK'),(6,'00','Indonesia','Indonesia','ID'),(8,'00','Ireland','Ireland','IE'),(32,'00','Kyrgyzstan','Kyrgyzstan','KG'),(36,'00','Comoros','Comoros','KM'),(34,'00','Muḩāfaz̧atalWafrah','MuhafazatalWafrah','KW'),(19,'00','Zhezqazghan Oblysy','Zhezqazghan Oblysy','KZ'),(21,'00','Lithuania','Lithuania','LT'),(40,'00','Monaco','Monaco','MC'),(13,'00','Montenegro','Montenegro','ME'),(9,'00','Mali','Mali','ML'),(5,'00','Macedonia','Macedonia','MO'),(35,'00','Mauritius','Mauritius','MU'),(25,'00','Malaysia','Malaysia','MY'),(41,'00','Norfolk Island','Norfolk Island','NF'),(30,'00','Bāgmatī Zone','Bagmati Zone','NP'),(2,'00','Niue','Niue','NU'),(14,'00','Panama','Panama','PA'),(22,'00','Philippines','Philippines','PH'),(42,'00','Palestine','Palestine','PS'),(43,'00','Serbia','Serbia','RS'),(24,'00','Swaziland','Swaziland','SZ'),(20,'00','Turks and Caicos Islands','Turks and Caicos Islands','TC'),(33,'00','Turkmenistan','Turkmenistan','TM'),(38,'00','Turkey','Turkey','TR'),(12,'00','British Virgin Islands','British Virgin Islands','VG'),(18,'00','Zimbabwe','Zimbabwe','ZW'),(164,'01','Abū Z̧aby','Abu Zaby','AE'),(90,'01','Badakhshan','Badakhshan','AF'),(112,'01','Barbuda','Barbuda','AG'),(118,'01','Aragatsotn','Aragatsotn','AM'),(124,'01','Benguela','Benguela','AO'),(45,'01','Buenos Aires','Buenos Aires','AR'),(146,'01','Burgenland','Burgenland','AT');

Answer 1

You join wb_cities to wb_states only on state_code but you should also use country_code, because state_code is not unique in wb_states.
Also I don't see any reason for aggregation. You need only a join of the tables:
SELECT c.city_id id,
c.city_ascii ci,
s.state_name_ascii ps,
c.country_code co
FROM wb_cities AS c JOIN wb_states AS s
ON s.state_code=c.state_code AND s.country_code = c.country_code
WHERE c.city_ascii like 'aa%'
ORDER BY co, ps, ci

Answer 2

Your data model is broken. Here are two definitions of state_code:
`state_code` varchar(55)
`state_code` varchar(10)
And yet this is part of an undeclared foreign key relationship.
I think this is the root problem:
PRIMARY KEY (`state_code`, `country_code`)
Presumably, the ID is unique, so you should have:
CREATE TABLE `wb_states` (
`state_id` int(11) DEFAULT PRIMARY KEY,
`state_code` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`state_name` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`state_name_ascii` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`country_code` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`country_full` varchar(55) DEFAULT NULL,
UNIQUE (`state_code`,`country_code`)
);
Then, your wb_cities table can be appropriately defined as:
CREATE TABLE `wb_cities` (
`city_id` int(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
`city_name` varchar(65) DEFAULT NULL,
`city_ascii` varchar(65) DEFAULT NULL,
`state_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
`lat` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`lon` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`city_id`),
FOREIGN KEY (state_id) REFERENCES wb_states(state_id)
);
You should probably have a "countries" table as well, but at least the country can go in the "states" table rather than the "cities" table.
Then, the "state" information can be looked up using the state_id.
After you have fixed the data model, you can think about fixing the query.